Islamic Civilization Islamic Civilization

By Kim JonesBy Kim Jones

October 12, 2007October 12, 2007

IntroductionIntroduction

Originates in ArabiaOriginates in Arabia Founder is MuhammadFounder is Muhammad Large empires builtLarge empires built Faith spreads: Faith spreads:

1. conquest1. conquest

2. trade2. trade Cultural advancementsCultural advancements

GeographyGeography

Bedouins – desert nomadsBedouins – desert nomads Merchant caravansMerchant caravans Trade routes develop - MakkahTrade routes develop - Makkah

Muhammad’s TeachingsMuhammad’s Teachings

Allah – “Surrendering to the will of Allah – “Surrendering to the will of God”God”

All people are equalAll people are equal Rich should share with the poorRich should share with the poor Lead a good life = rewardLead a good life = reward Evildoers punishedEvildoers punished Quran = holy book of IslamQuran = holy book of Islam

Opposition to IslamOpposition to Islam

Wealthy merchants & religious Wealthy merchants & religious leadersleaders

Take away powerTake away power Beat and tortured followersBeat and tortured followers Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah)Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah)

GovernmentGovernment Islamic state – political power to Islamic state – political power to

uphold Islamuphold Islam Muhammad built an army in MadinahMuhammad built an army in Madinah A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty & A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty &

becomes Islam’s holy city becomes Islam’s holy city Law code based on Quran & SunnaLaw code based on Quran & Sunna

The 5 Pillars of IslamThe 5 Pillars of Islam

1.1. Confession of faithConfession of faith

2.2. Prayer five times a dayPrayer five times a day

3.3. Alms – giving to the poor (charity)Alms – giving to the poor (charity)

4.4. Ramadan – ritual fastingRamadan – ritual fasting

5.5. Pilgrimage to MakkahPilgrimage to Makkah

Growing EmpiresGrowing Empires First caliph – Abu Bakr First caliph – Abu Bakr

spread to all Arabiaspread to all Arabia Second caliph – Umar Second caliph – Umar

spread to Syria, Egypt, and Persiaspread to Syria, Egypt, and Persia Third caliph – Uthman spread into Third caliph – Uthman spread into

Afghanistan and eastern Afghanistan and eastern MediterraneanMediterranean

By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout North Africa and into modern day SpainNorth Africa and into modern day Spain

Ottoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman IOttoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman I Moguls (India) - AkbarMoguls (India) - Akbar

Islam SplitsIslam Splits

Sunnis – the teachings of MuhammadSunnis – the teachings of Muhammad Shiites – must be related to Shiites – must be related to

MuhammadMuhammad

Ummayads – First dynasty where Ummayads – First dynasty where rulers followed teachings of rulers followed teachings of Muhammad. Supported by SunnisMuhammad. Supported by Sunnis

Abassids – Dynasty after UmmayadsAbassids – Dynasty after Ummayads

Life in ArabiaLife in Arabia Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s

words and deedswords and deeds Most Muslims – villagesMost Muslims – villages Traders’ success – Arabic language & Traders’ success – Arabic language &

coinscoins Cities – centers of government, learning, Cities – centers of government, learning,

& arts& arts Mosques – worship, schools, courtsMosques – worship, schools, courts

Social StructureSocial Structure Top: Government officials, landowners, Top: Government officials, landowners,

merchants/tradersmerchants/traders Artisans, farmers, workersArtisans, farmers, workers Bottom: Enslaved people – not MuslimsBottom: Enslaved people – not Muslims Men’s roles – government, society, Men’s roles – government, society,

businessbusiness Women’s roles – run families, inherit Women’s roles – run families, inherit

wealth, own propertywealth, own property

AhievementsAhievements Scholars preserved learningScholars preserved learning Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9 Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure

EarthEarth Founders of chemistry Founders of chemistry Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of

categorizing, wrote books on identifying categorizing, wrote books on identifying diseases.diseases.

Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases spreadspread

Art & ArchitectureArt & Architecture

Omar Khayyam – poet, Omar Khayyam – poet, mathematician, astronomer, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher. Rubaiyatphilosopher. Rubaiyat

The Thousand and One NightsThe Thousand and One Nights Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves, Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves,

starsstars Mosques & palacesMosques & palaces

QuizQuiz

What is the first pillar of Islam?What is the first pillar of Islam? A. Profession of faith that Allah is the onA. Profession of faith that Allah is the on

e and only God and that Mohammad is he and only God and that Mohammad is his prophet.is prophet.

B. The mosque is the only place to worsB. The mosque is the only place to worship.hip.

C. You must read the Quran every day.C. You must read the Quran every day.

You’re Correct!You’re Correct!

The first pillar of Islam was the The first pillar of Islam was the Profession of faith that Allah was the Profession of faith that Allah was the one and only God and that one and only God and that Muhammad was his prophet.Muhammad was his prophet.

Try Again!Try Again!

Works CitedWorks Cited