M. Nasimul Islam, ADB

]IW: LEARN Regional Workshop

Manila, The Philippines

11 March 2014

Scaling Up Coral Reef Protection and MPA Schemes

2nd Targeted Workshop for

Asia and the Pacific

Transforming Good Practices

from Demonstration

Projects into Scaled-Up

Investments and Financing

INDOENSIA COREMAP Project

INDICATORS1. ZONATION OF

MINAPOLITAN AREA,

MITIGATION AND

CLIMATE

ADAPTATION

2. EFFECTIVELY

MANAGE OF MPA:

CORAL REEFS,

SEAGRASS,

MANGROVE &

PROTECTED

ENDANGERED

SPECIES

3. INVESTMENT FOR

SMALL ISLANDS

MANAGEMENT

2 TO MANAGE

MARINE AND

FISHERIES

RESOURCES IN A

SUSTAINABLE

FASHION

1. MARINE AND

FISHERIES

RESOURCES ARE

UTILIZED

OPTIMALLY AND

SUSTAINABLY

2. SUSTAINABLE

MANAGEMENT OF

CONSERVATION

AREA S AND

PROTECTED

SPECIES

3. HIGH ECONOMIC

VALUE OF SMALL

ISLANDS

OUTPUTS

INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

2010

10 Mio Ha

2014

15.5 Mio Ha

2020

20 Mio Ha

To date:

13.9 Mio Ha

No Category Numbers Luas (Ha)

A Initiated by MOF 32 4,694,947.6

1 Marine National Parks 7 4,043,541.3

2 Marine Tourism Parks 14 491,248.0

3 Marine Wildlife Reserves 5 5,678.3

4 Marine Nature Reserves 6 154,480.0

B Initiated by MMAF 53 9,256,413.1

1 Marine National Parks 1 3,521,130.0

2 Marine Nature Reserves 3 445,630.0

3 Marine Tourism Parks 5 278,354.0

4 District-based MPAs 44 5,011,299.1

TOTAL 85 13,951,360.7

MPA

TARGET

Source: Kemhut dan KKP (2010). Gap Analysis...

Coral reef area 3,293,543 Ha

Coral reef conserved 747,190 Ha

% coral reef conserved 22.7 %

Mangrove area 3,452,688 Ha

Mangrove conserved 758,472 Ha

% mangrove conserved 22.0 %

Seagrass area 1,758,708 Ha

Seagrass conserved 304,866 Ha

% seagrass conserved 17.3 %

Target: 30% (988,063 Ha)

Need 240,873 Ha more to be

conserved

Target: 30% (1,035,806 Ha)

Need 277,334 Ha more to be

conserved

Target: 30% (527,612 Ha)

Need 222,746 Ha more to be

conserved

MPA: 13.951.361 Ha

Equal to 4.5 % of territory area

MPA: 15.5 Mio Ha

Equal to 5.0 % of territory area

MPA: 20 Mio Ha

Equal to 6.5 % of territory area

Equal to 31 Mio Ha of MPA

Conceptual COREMAP MODEL Vision

Phase 1: Initiation (1998-2003)

• Viable framework for a national coral reef system in

Indonesia established

• Assistance from: GOI, ADB, WB/GEF, AusAID

Phase 2: Acceleration (2004 - 2011)

• Replication in 15 districts, moving towards

establishment of MPA establishment

• Assistance from: GOI, ADB, WB/GEF

Phase 3: Institutionalization (2014–2018)

• Viable reef management systems established in priority

districts operational, fully decentralized to regional

governments and institutionalized through effective MPA

management and financial mechanisms for sustainability

and eco-system protection

• Assistance from: GOI, ADB/GEF, WB/GEF

Actual COREMAP PHASES

Initiation

Identification of Potential and Threats Proposed MPA

Designation Designated (legal status)

Management Plan and zoning

Determination enacted by Minister

Boundary Marking

Managed MPAs

Institutional

Strengthening

Community

Based Co-

management

Public Awareness,

Education

COREMAP Basic

Components

CORE Focus: Awareness Raising

TAMBATAN PERAHUPUBLIC SANITATION

Small Jetty

Village Information Center

Unique Design Features and Past Challenges

Decentralized Management (political commitment, capacity, paradigm shift on community-based co-management,

Multi Stakeholder Inclusion (including NGO’s academe research institutions)

Holistic multi sector approach

Monitoring ecosystem health/Fisheries Benefits by Scientific Body (LIPI)

Typical COREMAP Meeting

Remote Areas: Wide Geographic Coverage

Unique Design Features and Past Challenges Wide geographic coverage

Awareness raising and capacity building for behavior change

Enforcement

Multi dimensional issues: poverty, environment, education, infrastructure

Linking environment and poverty

Environment and Development Dichotomy

Current Challenges :COREMAP-CTI Phase III Complete MPA process and making it effective and

sustainable operationally and financially

Ecotourism through partnerships

Making livelihoods sustainable

Maintain community empowerment

Biodiversity protection linking ecosystems and regional processes (e.g., CTI, WB COREMAP )

Law Enforcement and Institutionalization

Project Specific Factors in Ownership, Replication and Integration Community as CORE focus: capacity building,

information centers, community coral reef institutions (LPSTK)

District Government as implementers, coral reef monitoring and evaluation system (CRITC) created within District Government’s

Village head integrated within LPSTK structure

Community-based strategy, plans integrated into district strategy and plan (helped to mainstream into development)

Project Specific Factors in Ownership, Replication and Integration Best practice sustainable models for public awareness (

coral reef books produced and integrated with national curriculum, radio stations, coral ambassador competitions)

Surveillance boats, infrastructure, livelihood inputs

Broader social service: solid waste management systems, electricity supply by LPSTK, LPSTK providing leadership in aquaculture product replication and marketing ( e.g., tapteng catfish culture);

All of the above built political commitment and replicability bottom up.

How Challenges are Addressed Clarity in strategy and targets

Executing Agency technical capacity and strategic leadership capability

Commitment towards goals and targets and understanding of complexity

Inclusiveness including NGO participation

Fairness in training and learning opportunities

How Challenges are Addressed Inclusion of top management experts in project

implementation

Inclusion of Indonesia Institute of Sciences in monitoring evaluation and research publication

Focus on awareness through high quality knowledge materials information and integration of coral reef curriculum in national education system

Continuous facilitation and communication

Bottom up planning and regulation development

Strong partnership with ADB

Questions to Ponder Time frame for phases too long?Geographic focus too broad for a

replication model?Is there a more practical design

approach? Can community empowerment be

sustainable?Decentralization of MPA ‘s can be

effectively achieved ?

Questions to Ponder Can MPA effectiveness possible in a widespread

fashion?

Effective maritime law enforcement achievable?

Accurate data generation and uniform platforms feasible?

Current biodiversity and ecosystem knowhow sufficient?

Can Climate change issues be controlled?