Irrigation Pakistan

1

Irrigation Irrigation is an artificial application of water for rain deficit area for

the crop production. It is usually used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall.History

Archaeological investigation has identified evidence of irrigation in Mesopotamia, Egypt and Iran as far back as the 6th millennium BCE, where barley was grown in areas where the natural rainfall was insufficient to support such a crop.

Sophisticated irrigation and storage systems were developed by the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan and North India, including the reservoirs at Girnar in 3000 BCE and an early canal irrigation system from circa 2600 BCE. Large scale agriculture was practiced and an extensive network of canals was used for the purpose of irrigation.

There is evidence of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenemhet III in the twelfth dynasty (about 1800 BCE) using the natural lake of the Faiyum Oasis as a reservoir to store surpluses of water for use during the dry seasons, as the lake swelled annually as caused by the annual flooding of the Nile.

Types of irrigationVarious types of irrigation techniques differ in how the water

obtained from the source is distributed within the field. In general, the goal is to supply the entire field uniformly with water, so that each plant has the amount of water it needs, neither too much nor too little.Surface irrigation

In surface irrigation systems water moves over and across the land by simple gravity flow in order to wet it and to infiltrate into the soil. Surface irrigation can be subdivided into furrow, borderstrip or basin irrigation. It is often called flood irrigation when the irrigation results in flooding or near flooding of the cultivated land. Historically, this has been the most common method of irrigating agricultural land. Localized irrigation

Localized irrigation is a system where water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, in a pre-determined pattern, and applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. Drip irrigation, spray or micro-sprinkler irrigation and bubbler irrigation belong to this category of irrigation methods. Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation, functions as its name suggests. Water is delivered at or near the root zone of plants, drop by drop. This method can be the most water-efficient method of irrigation, if managed properly, since evaporation and runoff are minimized. In

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LevelBasinFloodIrrigation.JPG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sprinkler.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dripperwithdrop.gif

Irrigation Engineering

modern agriculture, drip irrigation is often combined with plastic mulch, further reducing evaporation, and is also the means of delivery of fertilizer. The process is known as fustigation.Sprinkler irrigation

In sprinkler or overhead irrigation, water is piped to one or more central locations within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprinklers or guns. A system utilizing sprinklers, sprays, or guns mounted overhead on permanently installed risers is often referred to as a solid-set irrigation system. Higher pressure sprinklers that rotate are called rotors and are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism. Rotors can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle. Center pivot irrigation

Center pivot irrigation is a form of sprinkler irrigation consisting of several segments of pipe (usually galvanized steel or aluminum) joined together and supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along its length. The system moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the arc. These systems are common in parts of the United States where terrain is flat. Newer irrigations have drops as shown in the image that follows. Sub-irrigation

Sub-irrigation also sometimes called seepage irrigation has been used for many years in field crops in areas with high water tables. It is a method of artificially raising the water table to allow the soil to be moistened from below the plants' root zone. Often those systems are located on permanent grasslands in lowlands or river valleys and combined with drainage infrastructure. A system of pumping stations, canals, weirs and gates allows it to increase or decrease the water level in a network of ditches and thereby control the water table.Manual irrigation using buckets or watering cans

These systems have low requirements for infrastructure and technical equipment but need high labor inputs. Irrigation using watering cans is to be found for example in peri-urban agriculture around large cities in some African countries.Automatic, non-electric irrigation using buckets and ropes

Besides the common manual watering by bucket, an automated, natural version of this also exist. Using plain polyester ropes combined with a prepared ground mixture can be used to water plants from a vessel filled with water. Irrigation using stones to catch water from humid air

In countries where at night, humid air sweeps the countryside, stones are used to catch water from the humid air by condensation. This is for example practiced in the vineyards at Lanzarote.Dry terraces for irrigation and water distribution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TravellingSprinkler.JPG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PivotWithDrops.JPG


In subtropical countries as Mali and Senegal, a special type of terracing (without flood irrigation or intent to flatten farming ground) is used. Here, a 'stairs' is made through the use of ground level differences which helps to decrease water evaporation and also distributes the water to all patches (sort of irrigation).

Problems in irrigation Competition for surface water rights. Depletion of underground aquifers. Ground subsidence (e.g. New Orleans, Louisiana) Under-irrigation or irrigation giving only just enough water for the plant

(eg in drip line irrigation) gives poor soil salinity control which leads to increased soil salinity with consequent build up of toxic salts on soil surface in areas with high evaporation. This requires either leaching to remove these salts and a method of drainage to carry the salts away. When using drip lines, the leaching is best done regularly at certain intervals (with only a slight excess of water), so that the salt is flushed back under the plant's roots.[22][23]

Over-irrigation because of poor distribution uniformity or management wastes water, chemicals, and may lead to water pollution.

Deep drainage (from over-irrigation) may result in rising water tables which in some instances will lead to problems of irrigation salinity.

Irrigation with saline or high-sodium water may damage soil structure.


Indus Basin Irrigation SystemDevelopment of Indus Basin – Historic Perspective

The Indus River which irrigates the Indus Basin has seven major tributaries, five on the east and two on the west in addition to numerous small rivers which also join the main Indus on the west. The integrated water resources management is not a new concept as far as Indus Basin is concerned. The upper Punjab was the first to conceive and practice it. The triple canal project was designed to integrate the three eastern rivers by constructing control works and link canals in 1905-7 and operating the link canals as an integrated system. It was a marvel of innovative engineering which heralded a new era of efficient and equitable use of water resources and made Punjab the granary of the sub continent. However the partition of the sub continent in August 1947 cut across this irrigation network whereby control structures on eastern canals fell within the territory of India and canals remained within Pakistan. Soon after the partition, India conveyed its intention of diverting the waters of eastern rivers. This would have meant strangulating the agro-based economy of a newly created Pakistan whose 75% of GDP was solely dependent on agriculture as other sectors of the economy were non-existent.


Indus Basin Waters Treaty of 1960

With stoppage of water from the three eastern rivers by India, Pakistan’s 3 million hectare of fertile land of West Punjab, the food basket of Pakistan would have gone barren. This created a serious water dispute between India and Pakistan. However, over a period of 8 years of exhaustive negotiations under the auspices of the World Bank from 1952 to 1960 the famous Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan was signed in September 1960. The World Bank was also a signatory to this transboundary water allocation. Under the Treaty, India was given exclusive rights to the uses of water of three (3) eastern rivers with limited uses of waters of western rivers and Pakistan got exclusive rights on the waters of three (3) western rivers. Pakistan was given a grace period of 10 years to complete its Indus Basin Replacement Works. This Treaty though extensively lauded internationally as an example of resolving transboundary water issues between two sovereign states, created some serious hydrological shocks and challenges for Pakistan. The first challenge as stated earlier arose because the lines of partition of the Indo-Pak subcontinent separated the irrigated heart land of Punjab from the life-giving waters of the three eastern rivers.

The second challenge was that there was a serious mismatch between the location of Pakistan’s water (in the western rivers) and the major irrigated areas in the east.Indus Basin Replacement Works

To overcome major water challenges, Pakistan had to undertake major engineering works within a fixed time period of 10 years. The initial works included construction of mega rock and earth fill dam on one of the western rivers i.e. Jhelum River at Mangla, construction of inter-river link canals to transfer the waters of western rivers to eastern rivers with a number of Headworks and Barrages and later the world largest volume rock and earth fill dam i.e. Tarbela Dam was also built on River Indus, the largest river of the Indus Basin Rivers System. With additional storage water available at Tarbela, additional canals and control structures were constructed in all the four Provinces of Pakistan. With the construction of Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma Multi-purposes storage dams, storing close to 20 billion cubic meters of water and water distribution network consisting of 19 barrages, 60,000 km of main canals and 1.60 million km of secondary and distributary canals, the Indus Irrigation System became the largest contiguous irrigation system in the world.

To further resolve internal contentious issues of water rights and water distribution within the country, Inter-Provincial Water Apportionment Accord was signed in 1991 among all the four Provinces which determined the 10-daily historic shares of each of 43 canal commands. To ensure equitable distribution of waters among the Provinces, Indus River System Authority known as IRSA was created under the Act of Parliament to act as a watchdog in ensuring accord implementation.

With transboundary water sharing Treaty of 1960 and Inter-Provincial Water Apportionment Accord of 1991 and 10-daily historic water share


of each canal command and rotational water sharing within each canal command area, Pakistan has now well-developed water distribution system with proper check and balance mechanism in place.

Irrigation and Canal System: The Indus River forms the axis of Pakistan, and its tributaries drain

whole of the country, except sparsely populated province of Balochistan. The Indus River and its tributaries provide the largest irrigation system in the world. This is the largest network of canal system in the world, serving 34.5 million acres of contiguous cultivated land and a novel underground water system (karez) in Balochistan. The break up is given below.

Irrigation Network

Main Rivers

Indus 2896 kmJehlum 825 kmChenab 1242 kmRavi 901 kmSutlej 1551 km

Inter-river Link Canals 12Major Dams (Tarbela, Mangla, Warsak) 3


Barrages 19Independent Canals 43Length of Main Canals 58,500 KmTubewells 680,477 (P)

Sr. # River Heads/Barrages Dams Canals

1 SutlejSulemanki

Pakpattan CanalFordwah CanalEastern Sadiqia Canal

IslamQaim CanalMailsi CanalBahawal Canal

2 Ravi

Punjnad Panjnad CanalAbbassia Canal

Balloki Lower Bari Doab CanalBalloki-Sulemanki Link LowerDepalpur Canal

Sidhnai Sidhnai Mailsi Link CanalSidhnai Canal

3 Chenab

MaralaMarala RaviLinkU.C.C.(Upper chenab canal)BRBD(Bambawala-Ravi-Bedian-Dipalpur Canal)CBDC(Central bari doab canal)UDC(Upper Depalpur Canal)

Khanki

LCC(Lower chenab canal) UpperGogera Lower GogeraBuralaMain LCC Jhang Branch.Rakh Branch.

Qadirabad Qadirabad .Baloki LinkTrimmu Rangpur Canal

Havali CanalTrimmu Sidhni Link

Panjnad Barrage

4 Jehlum

Mangla Upper Jehlum Canal up streamKhanki Headworks

Rasul Rasul Qadirabad Link CanalLower Jehlum Canal

5 Indus

Jinnah Thal canalChashma Chashma Jhelum link

Chashma reservoir bank canal

TaunsaKachhi CanalD.G. Khan CanalMuzaffargarah CanalTaunsa Panjnad Link Canal

GudduPat feederDesert FeederBegari Sindh FeederGhotki canal

Sukkur

Nara CanalMirwah CanalRohri CanalAbul Wah& right side canals areDadu CanalRice CanalKhirthar Canal


Kotri(Ghulam

Muhammad Barrage)

Kotri Baghar feederPhuleliPinjariAkram Wah

Terbela Right Bank canalLeft Bank Canal

Warsak Right Bank CanalLeft Bank Canal.

Kalabagh dam (proposed)

Thal reservoirSehwan reservoir

(proposed)

Schematic Diagram of Indus Basin Irrigation System


Structures Over Rivers

River Indus

Tarbela 4th Extension Project

Location Tarbela Dam Existing Installed Capacity 3470 MW Tunnel-4 (Already constructed)

Purpose Irrigation Type Concrete/Steel Lined Diameter 45 ft to 36 ft Length 2997 ft

Dam (Already constructed) Height 485 ft (147.82 m) Length 9000 ft (27434 m) Spillway (Already constructed) installed Capacity 960 MW Tentative Project Cost (Million US$) 500

Ghazi Gariala (Proposed Active Barrage)

The barrage across the Indus River, located near Ghazi, downstream from Tarbela, consists of several major components: gated head regulator, skimming platform, undersluices, open flume standard bays, dividing island, right and left guide banks, fuse plug embankment, separation dyke, cunette, road bridge over the barrage, control building, workshops, offices, and M&E installations. A taking over certificate (TOC) for works essential for impounding was issued on 16 June 2003, and the TOC for works not essential for impounding was issued in November 2003 (effective from 22 August 2003). Impounding of the barrage pond commenced in February 2003, and the maximum level was reached on 20 May 2003.

The power channel is 52 km long and lined with reinforced concrete. The capacity is 1,600 cubic meters per second. Seventy-nine structures of different categories are on the channel, including bridges, superpassages, culverts, inlets, and escapes.

Location and river 6-miles D/S of Terbella Dam near Ghazi / Khalu Village, on River Indus.

Design discharge (cusecs) 35,000 to 60,000

No. Of under sluices

-

Water way Including water Sluices (ft)

- Crest level -

Number of bays - No-of off-taking canals


Kalabagh Barrage (Jinnah Barrage)

The Kalabagh dam was a mega water reservoir that the Government of Pakistan was planning to develop across the Indus River, one of the world's largest rivers. The proposed site for the dam was situated at Kalabagh in Mianwali District of the north-west Punjab province, bordering the Province. The proposal is halted due to political reasons. However there is a barrage at the same location which is also known as Jinnah barrage. Details of which are mentioned here.

Thal Canal The amount of water that it carries is 2.534 MAF. It is divided

into 2 different divisions. Thal canal main line lower

It is a main canal located in bhakkar. And length in miles is 100.50.Its authorized head discharge is 4100 .Its authorized tail discharge is 228 .Its Gross command area is 3534. Its Culturable command area is 2966.

Thal canal main line upper It is a main canal located in kalabagh. It is categorized in the

zone of sarghodha. It is a perennial canal. And length in miles is 31.532.Its authorized head discharge is 9000. Its authorized tail discharge is 9000.00. Its Gross command area is 2460861. Its Culturable command area is 2115931.

Chashma Barrage

Chashma Barrage is located on the Indus River near the village Chashma in Mianwali district. The project was built between 1967 and 1971. It is one of the many major engineering works that form a part of Indus basin treaty of 1960 between India and Pakistan.

According to the project reports, 34 villages were displaced with the population of 22,400 people during the mid 60’s. The installed capacity of power station is 184MW. Chashma Barrage is the 3rd largest water reservoir of Pakistan.

Location and river Indus Number of bays 52Year of Completion 25th March,

1971No. Of under sluices

11

Maximum Intensity of Discharge 300Cs. Per ft. Crest level -

Length between abutments 3556 ft. No-of off-taking canals

2

Chashma Jhelum link

Chashma reservoir bank canal

Taunsa Barrage

This barrage is situated on Indus River near Taunsa at a distance of 180 miles from the Jinnah barrage. The project was designed to ensure irrigation of the cultivated lands in the area of the Muzaffargarh and Dera Ghazi Khan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffargarh


canals, and through the Taunsa-Panjnad Link Canal that supplements the water supply to Panjnad headworks canals.

Location and river Indus Number of bays 53Year of Completion 1959 No. Of under

sluices12

Design discharge (cusecs)

7,50,000 Crest level 6

Width b/w abutments (ft)

4346 No-of off-taking canals

4

The canals which originate from this barrage and their details is given here under;

Kachhi Canal

D.G. Khan Canal It is a main canal located in D.G Khan. It is categorized in the

zone of D.G Khan. It is a nonperennial canal.Zone (Bund) D G

KhanGross Command Area 947874

Head discharge (cusecs)

8900 Culturable Command Area

901981

Tail discharge (cusecs)

5514 Length in miles 69.046

Muzaffargarah Canal It is a main canal located in D.G Khan. It is categorized in the

zone of D.G Khan. It is a nonperennial canal.Zone Muzaffargar

hGross Command Area 906490



838380



Taunsa Panjnad Link Canal It is a main canal located in D.G Khan. It is categorized in the

zone of D.G Khan. It is a nonperennial canal.Zone (Lashari) D G

KhanGross Command Area 2150000



2000000


- Length in miles 38.20

Guddu Barrage

It has been constructed on Indus River at Guddu, 90 miles upstream from Sukkur and ten miles from Kashmor. The canals that branch out from here irrigate about 31 lakh acres of land in Sukkur, Jacobabad and Shikarpur areas. It is located near Sukkur in Pakistan. The maximum flood level height of this

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjnad


barrage is 26ft (8meters). Guddu Barrage supplies water for irrigation to 2.9million acres of agricultural lands in the Districts of Jacobabad, Larkana and Sukkur of Sindh and the Nasirabad District of Balouchistan.

Location and river Indus Number of bays 64Year of Completion 1962 No. Of under

sluices -

Design discharge (cusecs) 12,00,000 Crest level 236

S.P.DWater way Including water Sluices (ft) 3900 No-of off-taking

canals 4

Pat feeder

Desert Feeder

Begari Sindh Feeder

Ghotki canal

Sukkur Barrage

The Sukkur barrage is a barrage across the Indus river near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. The barrage enables water to flow through what was originally a 6166 mile long network of canals, feeding the largest irrigation system in the world, with more than 5 million acres (20,000 km²) of irrigated land.

Location and river (Sukkur) Indus

Number of bays 54

Year of Completion 1932 No. Of under sluices

12


15,00,000 Crest level 177.00 S.P.D



7

Left Side Canals Nara Canal

Mirwah Canal

Rohri Canal

Abul Wah

Right Side Canals are Dadu Canal

Rice Canal

Khirthar Canal

Kotri Barrage (Ghulam Muhammad Barrage)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_river

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage


The Ghulām Muḥammad (Kotri) Barrage (1955), 4.5 miles (7 km) above Kotri, controls the Indus floods, generates hydroelectricity, and irrigates about 2.8 million acres (1.1 million hectares) in the region. Wheat, cotton, and rice are cultivated.

Location and river Indus Number of bays 44Year of Completion March, 1955 No. Of under

sluices-


8,75,000 Crest level 48 S.P.D.



5

Kotri Baghar feeder

Phuleli

Pinjari

Akram Wah

S.M.B.L (Sidhnai Mailsi Bahawal Link) Canal

Zone (Baghdad) Bahawalpur


5338

Gross Command Area 1229174 Tail discharge (cusecs)

5123

Culturable Command Area


River JehlumMangla Dam

Dam Type: Earth fill Height: 380 ft. (above riverbed Length: 10,300 feet Lake Area: 97.7 sq. miles Catchment Area: 12,870 Sq miles Gross Storage Capacity: 5.88 MAF Live Storage Capacity: 5.34 MAF Main Spillway Capacity: 1.01 million cusecs Year of Completion: 1967

Hydropower Generation:1,000 MW from 10 units

of 100 MW each No. of people to be

displaced by raising of dam: 40,000

Upper Jehlum Canal up stream Khanki Headworks

Rasul Barrage


This barrage is located on the River Jehlum at Rasul ( Mandi Bahauddin). This barrage has flood capacity of 24070m3/sec. Water is diverted from this point to the 538-cumec Rasul-Qadirabad Link (RQ-Link) Canal for ultimate transfer to the Sulemanki Barrage on the Sutlej River.

Location and river Jehlum Number of bays 42Year of Completion 1967 No. Of under

sluices6


8,50,000 Crest level 703 S.P.D.



2

Rasul Qadirabad Link Canal It is a main canal located in Rasul Division. It is

categorized in the zone of Sargodha. It is a perennial canal. Its reduced distance is 145256.00. And length in miles is 29.051.Its authorized head discharge is 19000.00.Its authorized tail discharge is 19000.00.

Lower Jehlum Canal It is a main canal located in Rasul Division. It is

categorized in the zone of Sargodha. It is a perennial canal. Its reduced distance is 196830.00. And length in miles is 39.366.Its authorized head discharge is 5500.00.Its authorized tail discharge is 3705.00.Its Gross command area is 1728349.00.Its Culturable command area is 1485776.00.

River ChenabMaralla Barrage

The Marala headwork is situated at the Chenab River near the city of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan. Two major water channels originate at the Marala headworks, the Marala-Ravi Link Canal and the Upper Chenab Canal. Proposals are under consideration to build Mangla Marala Link Canal to overcome any shortage of water in future.

Location and river Chenab Number of bays 66Year of Completion 1968 No. Of under

sluices13


1,100,000 Crest level 800 S.P.D


4472.33 No-of off-taking canals

2

Marala Ravi Link

Zone Lahore Gross Command Area 165598



154987

Tail discharge 20000 Length in miles 63.463

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialkot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenab_River


(cusecs) U.C.C.(Upper chenab canal)

Zone Lahore Gross Command Area 19600Head discharge (cusecs)


12449



BRBD(Bambawala-Ravi-Bedian-Dipalpur Canal)

Zone Lahore Gross Command Area -Head discharge (cusecs)


-



o CBDC(Central bari doab canal)o UDC(Upper Depalpur Canal)

Zone (Khudian) Lahore

Gross Command Area 367499



336782



Khanki Head Works

Head Khanki or the Khanki Headwork is the oldest head work of Pakistan. It is present at river Chenab in Gujrat District. It is used to control water flow and flood flow in river Chenab. Another use is to provide water to tributaries Such as Lower Chenab.


sluices48


800,000 Crest level 726.5 -727.0 S.P.D



1

Canal Lower Chenab Canal Lower Chenab originates from Head Khanki. It

provides water to three million acres (12,000 km²) of agricultural lands by one main distributry Lower Chenab and 59 minor distrtributeries. Its bridge is in shambles now a day and is posing serious threat to adjoining population of 100,000. In last 118 years there were 11 occasions when water was 730 foot higher in it than sea level at times of high floods. There were 16 occasions in last century when flood flow was 400,000 and 600,000 m³/s in it.Zone Faisalaba Gross Command Area 3700000


dHead discharge (cusecs)


3400000


- Length in miles 40.058

Upper Gogera Lower (Gogera Burala) Zone (Bhagat)

FaisalabadGross Command Area 15445



12737



Main LCC Jhang Branch (Rakh Branch)

Qadirabad Barrage

Location and river Chenab Number of bays 50Year of Completion 8.5.1967 No. Of under

sluices5


900,000 Crest level 684.50 S.P.D



1

Qadirabad Baloki Link Canal Zone (Hafizabad

)Gross Command Area -



-



Trimmu BarrageTrimmu Barrage, constructed in 1939 some 90 km from Mari Shah

Sakhira town, at the confluence with the Chenab, has maximum discharge capacity of 645,000 ft³/s (18,000 m³/s).


sluices14


6,45,000 Crest level 477.50 S.P.D



3

Rangpur Canal

Havali Canal

Trimmu Sidhni Link


Zone (Sidhnai) Multan

Gross Command Area -



-



Punjnad BarrageHead Panjnad (Panjnad Barrage) is a river head in Punjab, Pakistan.

Panjnad River is formed by successive confluence of the five rivers of Punjab, namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Jhelum and Ravi join Chenab, Beas joins Sutlej, and then Sutlej and Chenab join to form Panjnad near Uch Sharif. The combined stream runs southwest for approximately 45 miles and joins Indus River at Mithankot. The Indus continues into the Arabian Sea. A dam on Panjnad has been erected; it provides irrigation channels for Punjab and Sind provinces south of the Sutlej and east of the Indus rivers.


sluices-


7,00,000 Crest level 325.00 S.P.D



2

Abbasia Canal

Zone Bahawalpur




111333



Panjnad Canal

Zone Bahawalpur




1186537



River RaviBalloki Barrage

Location and river Ravi Number of bays 35


Year of Completion 15.5.1965 No. Of under sluices

-


2,25,000 Crest level 624.50 S.P.D



2

Lower Bari Doab Canal

Zone Multan Gross Command Area 2130937Head discharge (cusecs)


1845974



Balloki-Sulemanki Link Lower (Depalpur Canal)

Sidhnai Barrage

Location and river Sutluj Number of bays 15Year of Completion 28-02-1965 No. Of under

sluices4


1,50,000 Crest level 454.00 S.P.D



2

Sidhnai Mailsi Link Canal

Zone Multan Gross Command Area 4071Head discharge (cusecs)


3724



Sidhnai Canal

River Sutluj

Sulemanki Barrage

Location and river Sutluj Number of bays 24Year of Completion 1926 No. Of under

sluices16


3,25,000 Crest level 560.00 S.P.D




3

Pakpattan Canal Zone Multan Gross Command Area 104632

6Head discharge (cusecs)


961158



Fordwah Canal Zone Multan Gross Command Area 46502



430112



Eastern Sadiqia Canal Zone Multan Gross Command Area 61603



547472


5106 Length in miles 49

Islam Barrage

Islam Barrage, located about six miles north-west of Hasilpur town, was constructed across River Sutlej during 1922-1927 as a component of Sutlej Valley Project for feeding Bahawal Canal (5,400 cusecs) and Qaim Canal (558 cusecs) on the left bank and Mailsi Canal (4,883 cusecs) on the right bank.

It was designed for a maximum discharge of 300,000 cusecs. After the implementation of Indus Water Treaty, the head regulator of Mailsi Canal at Islam Barrage was abandoned and the canal started receiving supplies from the new Sidhnai-Mailsi Link Canal constructed in 1965. Similarly the capacity of Bahawal Canal was reduced to 1,000 cusecs by shifting lower areas of the canal on to the new Mailsi-Bahawal link.

Location and river Sutluj Number of bays 29Year of Completion 1927 No. Of under

sluices4


3,00,000

Crest level 435.50-441.00 S.P.D



3


Qasim Canal Zone Multan Gross Command Area 5580


483.00 Culturable Command Area

52797



Mailsi Canal

Bahawal Canal

Zone Multan Gross Command Area 57469



52023



Mailsi Syphon

It is located near Mailsi, from Mailsi to Khair Pur Tamaywali. Mailsi Sidhnai Link Canal (as it is named) passes under river Satluj here. Cananl originate at Sidhnai headworks on River Ravi near Abdul Hakeem and irrigate / distribute water to parts of District Vehari, Lodhran and Bahawal Pur.

Location and river Sutluj Number of bays 24Year of Completion 10-12-1964 No. Of under

sluices-


4,29,000 Crest level 415.50 S.P.D



-

Summary:The natural geo-agricultural pattern has made in such a way that

the Chenab meets the Jhelum near Trimmu, the Ravi meets the Jhelum downwards, and the Sutlej meets the Jhelum at Pujnand, and still down, the combination of these rivers meets the Indus at Mithankot. Then the Indus flows down into Sindh. There are three barrages in Sindh while all other waterworks are upcountry.

Another fact is that in Punjab all rivers and waterworks are interconnected by channels and links as under:


1. C-J link (Chashma-Jhelum link) connects the Indus at Chashma with the Jhelum above Trimmu.2. U-J-C link (upper Jhelum Chenab Link) connects the Jhelum from Mangla to the Chenab above Khanki headworks.3. R-Q link (Rasul-Qadirabad link) connects the Jhelum at Rasul with the Chenab at the Qadirabad barrage.4. M-R link (Marala-Ravi link) connects the Chenab at Marala with the Ravi at Shahdara).5. Q-B link (Qadirabad-Balloki link) connects the Chenab at Qadirabad with the Ravi at Balloki.6. T-S link (Trimmu-Sidnai link) connects the Jhelum at Trimmu with the Ravi at Sidnai.7. S-M link (Sidnai-Malsi link) connects the Ravi at Sidnai with Malsi that passes through the Sutlej.8. The BRBD link is about a 100-mile-long channel from a branch of Marala across the Ravi towards the Sutlej.9. B-S I & II (Balloki-Sulemanki) are two links which connect the Ravi at Balloki with the Sutlej at Sulemanki.

Refrences

http://www.wapda.gov.pk/htmls/http://irrigation.punjab.gov.pk/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.com.pk/http://www.authorstream.com/http://www.answers.com/

http://www.answers.com/

http://www.google.com.pk/

http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://irrigation.punjab.gov.pk/

http://www.wapda.gov.pk/htmls/

Irrigation Pakistan

Documents

Transcript of Irrigation Pakistan