Iron-deficiency anemia

DONE BY: SUPPERVISED BY:

DR.YOUSEF ALNASSAR DR.ALEX

Def. of Iron-deficiency anemia:

• is a common anemia (low RBCs or hemoglobin levels) caused by insufficient dietary intake and absorption of iron, and/or iron loss from bleeding

Affection:

• half of all anemia cases worldwide

• affects women more often than men

• World number exceeds one billion people

Causes:

1- lack of iron in the diet2- inability to absorb iron: (celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease or post-surgical resection - long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy)3- the body does not make enough red blood cells4- Bleeding causes:

A. loss of RBCs more quickly than they can be replaced.B. parasitic worms: hookworms, whipworms,

and roundworms.C. nonparasitic causes, such as ulcers, duodenal or

gastrointestinal cancer.D. intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria.

5- Pregnancy.

• Pallor * Anxiety* Dyspnea In severe cases• Irritability* Angina * fatigue * Weakness • Constipation * Hypersomnia * Tinnitus• Mouth ulcers * Hair loss * Feeling faint• Depression * Breathlessness * Glossitis• Twitching muscles * Numbness * Poor

appetite• pica “Unusual obsessive food cravings”

symptoms and signs:

Inves.:

• CBC FOR “ WBCs - MCV - MCH - RDW “

• STOOL CULTURE FOR “BLOOD, INFECTION, PARASITE ”

• URINE CULTURE FOR “BLOOD, INFECTION”

• ENDOSCOPE FOR “ULCERS, GASTRIC OR INTESTINAL CANCER”

TREATMENT

• sometimes treatable

• Some types of anemia may be lifelong.

• If the cause is dietary iron deficiency: “eating more iron-rich foods, such as beans, red meat, or taking iron supplements, usually with iron(II) sulfate, ferrous gluconate, orironamino acid chelate ferrous bisglycinate, will usually correct the anemia.

INDICATION OF I.V IRON

• Inability either to adequately absorb or tolerate the oral intake of iron.

• Hemodialysis.

• High intake of antacids or other substances that bind to iron and inhibit its absorption.

• Patient with significant blood loss who refuses blood transfusions and in whom oral iron adminstration is not possible.

How to be given ?

• Dose: “ not exceed 100 mg (2mL)/injection –not to exceed 100mg/d – rate: not to exceed 50mg/min “

• Administration: “ undiluted “

• Test dose: “ 25 mg (0.5 mL) i.v , observe patient for at least 1h “

REFERANCES

•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-deficiency_anemia

•https://www5.medicine.wisc.edu/~williams/iviron.pdf