IPv6IPv6Chris WesterChris WesterDan KeenanDan KeenanDerek BrownDerek Brown

IntroductionsIntroductions

• Chris WesterChris Wester

• Daniel KeenanDaniel Keenan

• Derek BrownDerek Brown

OutlineOutline

• Introduction to IPv6Introduction to IPv6

• AddressingAddressing– NotationNotation– Special AddressesSpecial Addresses

• Quick MentionsQuick Mentions

• PacketsPackets

• DeploymentDeployment

IntroductionIntroduction

• The creation of IPv6 began in The creation of IPv6 began in 1996 as IPv4 would not have 1996 as IPv4 would not have enough addresses.enough addresses.

• IPv6 will be backwards IPv6 will be backwards compatible, but IPv4 servers compatible, but IPv4 servers won’t be able to communicate won’t be able to communicate with IPv6 computers/servers.with IPv6 computers/servers.

AddressesAddresses

- IPv6 uses 128 bit address (16 bytes).IPv6 uses 128 bit address (16 bytes).- Ipv4 only uses 32 bits (4 bytes).Ipv4 only uses 32 bits (4 bytes).

- So your 192.168.0.1 address will look So your 192.168.0.1 address will look like: like: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab

- - Notice that it is in hexadecimal format. Notice that it is in hexadecimal format.

More on AddressesMore on Addresses

• Two parts: the host portion and Two parts: the host portion and the network portion.the network portion.

• Each portion of the address is 64 Each portion of the address is 64 bits.bits.

• Privacy has been increased due Privacy has been increased due to the large number of addresses.to the large number of addresses.

Number of HostsNumber of Hosts

• IPv4 has a maximum of 2IPv4 has a maximum of 232 32 addressesaddresses– 4,294,967,296 addresses4,294,967,296 addresses

• IPv6 has a maximum of 2IPv6 has a maximum of 2128128 addresses addresses– 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

• Roughly 5 x 10Roughly 5 x 1028 28 addresses for every addresses for every person on Earth. person on Earth.

Notation of IPv6 AddressesNotation of IPv6 Addresses

• 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits.8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits.– Example: Example:

2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334

• If a group has all 0’s (0000) they can be If a group has all 0’s (0000) they can be rewritten as :: (two colons).rewritten as :: (two colons).

• Leading 0’s can be deleted as well. Leading 0’s can be deleted as well.

ExampleExample

• 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab • 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000::1428:57ab 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000::1428:57ab • 2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:1428:57ab2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:1428:57ab• 2001:0db8:0:0::1428:57ab2001:0db8:0:0::1428:57ab• 2001:0db8::1428:57ab2001:0db8::1428:57ab• 2001:db8::1428:57ab 2001:db8::1428:57ab

• The above are all the same address.The above are all the same address.

Special AddressesSpecial Addresses

• There are a number of addresses with special There are a number of addresses with special meaning in IPv6:meaning in IPv6:– ::1/128 - the loopback address. Similar to ::1/128 - the loopback address. Similar to

127.0.0.1 in IPv4127.0.0.1 in IPv4

– ::/96 - the zero prefix used for IPv4 compatible ::/96 - the zero prefix used for IPv4 compatible addresses.addresses.

– ::ffff:0:0/96 - this prefix is used for IPv4 ::ffff:0:0/96 - this prefix is used for IPv4 mapped addresses. mapped addresses.

More Special AddressesMore Special Addresses

• fe80::/64 — The link-local prefix specifies that fe80::/64 — The link-local prefix specifies that the address only is valid in the local physical the address only is valid in the local physical link. link.

– This is the same as the Auto-configuration IP address This is the same as the Auto-configuration IP address 169.254.x.x in IPv4. 169.254.x.x in IPv4.

More Special AddressesMore Special Addresses

• fec0::/10 - This site-local prefix specifies that the fec0::/10 - This site-local prefix specifies that the address is valid only inside the local address is valid only inside the local organization. organization.

• ff00::/8 – The multicast prefixff00::/8 – The multicast prefix

Quick Mentions:Quick Mentions:

• Auto configuration: A DHCP server is no Auto configuration: A DHCP server is no longer necessary unless the host wants to longer necessary unless the host wants to manually set it up.manually set it up.

IPv6 Packet HeaderIPv6 Packet Header

More on PacketsMore on Packets

• Packetizing is only performed by the hosts Packetizing is only performed by the hosts in IPv6 (routers never touch it).in IPv6 (routers never touch it).

• Application layer address (in the next Application layer address (in the next header field) replaces the IPv4 protocol header field) replaces the IPv4 protocol field.field.

DeploymentDeployment

• ICANN root DNS servers switched to ICANN root DNS servers switched to being able to handle IPv4 and IPv6 in the being able to handle IPv4 and IPv6 in the summer of 2004.summer of 2004.

• The US government has mandated that all The US government has mandated that all civilian and military computers use IPv6 by civilian and military computers use IPv6 by the Summer of 2008.the Summer of 2008.

More on DeploymentMore on Deployment

• Windows XP has optional support for IPv6.Windows XP has optional support for IPv6.

• Windows Vista has IPv6 built in by default.Windows Vista has IPv6 built in by default.

• OS X has IPv6 built in by default.OS X has IPv6 built in by default.

• Linux / Unix has modules for IPv6Linux / Unix has modules for IPv6

Where is IPv4 Now? Where is IPv4 Now?

ReferencesReferences

Wikipedia.orgWikipedia.orghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6

IPv6.orgIPv6.orghttp://www.ipv6.org/

IP version 6IP version 6http://playground.sun.com/ipv6/

Questions?Questions?