Ionic Formulas and Ionic Formulas and NomenclatureNomenclature

FormulasFormulas

What types of elements are found in ionic What types of elements are found in ionic compounds?compounds?

What holds the elements together?What holds the elements together?

Even though there are ions in ionic Even though there are ions in ionic compounds, the overall compound must compounds, the overall compound must be be neutral.neutral.

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

What type of compounds are electrolytes?What type of compounds are electrolytes? Why are ionic compounds electrolytes?Why are ionic compounds electrolytes? Consider sodium chloride:Consider sodium chloride:

Is this an electrolyte?Is this an electrolyte? Why?Why?

Consider sucrose (sugar, CConsider sucrose (sugar, C1212HH2222OO1111):): Is this an electrolyte?Is this an electrolyte? Why?Why?

Consider ammonium chloride (NHConsider ammonium chloride (NH44Cl):Cl): Is this an electrolyte?Is this an electrolyte? Why?Why?

Conductivity of Ammonium Conductivity of Ammonium ChlorideChloride

Why does it light up?Why does it light up?

What type of bonding actually occurs in What type of bonding actually occurs in ammonium chloride?ammonium chloride?

Where are the ions in NHWhere are the ions in NH44Cl?Cl?

Two Types of IonsTwo Types of Ions

Monatomic ionsMonatomic ions – ions made of a single – ions made of a single atom.atom.

Polyatomic ionsPolyatomic ions – ions made of many – ions made of many atomsatomsPolyatomic ions can be found on your Polyatomic ions can be found on your

reference table.reference table.

Ionic Formulas ActivityIonic Formulas Activity

Writing Ionic FormulasWriting Ionic Formulas A compound made from barium and phosphate A compound made from barium and phosphate

ions.ions. Figure out the charges on the ions involved.Figure out the charges on the ions involved.

BaBa2+2+

POPO443-3-

Find the lowest common multiple of the charges:Find the lowest common multiple of the charges: LCM of 2 and 3 is 6LCM of 2 and 3 is 6 When you have 6 total positive charges and 6 total When you have 6 total positive charges and 6 total

negative charges the compound will be neutral.negative charges the compound will be neutral. Determine the individual number of ionsDetermine the individual number of ions

To get 6 total positives you need 3 barium ionsTo get 6 total positives you need 3 barium ions To get 6 total negatives you need 2 phosphate ionsTo get 6 total negatives you need 2 phosphate ions

Write the formula with those numbersWrite the formula with those numbers BaBa33(PO(PO44))22

Writing Ionic FormulasWriting Ionic Formulas

Write the formula of the followingWrite the formula of the followingA compound made from aluminum and A compound made from aluminum and

hydroxide ions.hydroxide ions.

A compound made from magnesium and A compound made from magnesium and sulfur.sulfur.

A compound made from strontium and nitrite A compound made from strontium and nitrite ions.ions.

Naming Ionic CompoundsNaming Ionic Compounds

Based on you already knowing the Based on you already knowing the charges of the ions involved.charges of the ions involved.

Does not tell you how many of each ion Does not tell you how many of each ion there are.there are.

The RulesThe Rules Name the positive ion firstName the positive ion first

NaNa++ = sodium ion = sodium ion (Leave a couple lines of blank space here)(Leave a couple lines of blank space here)

Name the negative ion lastName the negative ion last Change the name of a monatomic anion to Change the name of a monatomic anion to

have an –ide ending.have an –ide ending. Polyatomic ions names are not changedPolyatomic ions names are not changed

Practice ProblemsPractice Problems

Name the following:Name the following:BaClBaCl22

MgOMgO

NaNa33PP

AlAl22(SO(SO44))33

Those Stupid d-OrbitalsThose Stupid d-Orbitals Consider the following copper oxides:Consider the following copper oxides:

CuOCuO CuCu22OO

Determine the charge on the copper ions in both compounds.

Multi-valent metalsMulti-valent metals

Most metal ions can have multiple stable Most metal ions can have multiple stable charges because of the d-orbitals.charges because of the d-orbitals.

The ones that can’t are:The ones that can’t are: Group 1Group 1 Group 2Group 2 Silver (+1)Silver (+1) Zinc (+2)Zinc (+2) Aluminum(+3)Aluminum(+3)

For everything that can have a multiple charge For everything that can have a multiple charge you must specify the charge in the name.you must specify the charge in the name. Use Roman numerals to tell the charge.Use Roman numerals to tell the charge.

The RulesThe Rules Name the positive ion firstName the positive ion first

NaNa++ = sodium ion = sodium ion Specify the charge of all metal ions with a Specify the charge of all metal ions with a

Roman numeralRoman numeral Except Group 1, Group 2, Ag, Zn, AlExcept Group 1, Group 2, Ag, Zn, Al

Name the negative ion lastName the negative ion last Change the name of a monatomic anion to Change the name of a monatomic anion to

have an –ide ending.have an –ide ending. Polyatomic ions names are not changedPolyatomic ions names are not changed

Those Stupid d-OrbitalsThose Stupid d-Orbitals

CuOCuO CuCu22OO

Name the compounds above:Name the compounds above: Black = copper(II) oxideBlack = copper(II) oxide Red = copper(I) oxideRed = copper(I) oxide Remember the Roman numeral is the charge Remember the Roman numeral is the charge

not the number of atoms.not the number of atoms.

Practice ProblemsPractice ProblemsName the following compoundsName the following compounds

FeFe22OO33

Co(NOCo(NO33))22

CaCOCaCO33

NHNH44CC22HH33OO22

Practice ProblemsPractice ProblemsName the following compoundsName the following compounds

MnOMnO22

AgClAgCl

CrNCrN22

WW22OO55

Practice ProblemsPractice ProblemsWrite the formulas for the following Write the formulas for the following

compounds:compounds:Tin(IV) oxideTin(IV) oxide

Aluminum chlorideAluminum chloride

Ammonium sulfideAmmonium sulfide

Practice ProblemsPractice Problems

Write the formulas for the following Write the formulas for the following compounds:compounds:Potassium dichromatePotassium dichromate

Chromium(II) nitrateChromium(II) nitrate

Technetium(VII) oxideTechnetium(VII) oxide