Science 10 Chapter 4.2Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds (metal + non-metal {+,-}) Hydrates (water attached)Covalent Compounds (non-metal + non-metal {-,-}) Acids (H + something)

Ionic Compounds

• Made up of ions (+ & -)• Compounds are NEUTRAL• The sum of (+) ion charges must equal the (-)

ion charges• Opposites attract• Form crystals from

insideout

Salt, NaCl

Ionic Compounds3 rules for chemical formula, given name

1. Write formula for (+) ion first, then (-) ion second

2. Criss-cross the charge numbers on the ions3. Tidy up the formula– Divide evenly by 2 or 3– Omit superscript charges– Omit subscripts of 1– Put brackets around polyatomic ions (PAIs) if

there’s more than 1 *Table of PAI’s pg. 66 of wb

Ionic Compounds - Construct formula given name

Sodium IodideNa+1 I-1 NaI

Calcium OxideCa+2 O-2 CaO

Calcium PhosphateCa+2 PO4

-3 Ca3(PO4)2

Copper (I) OxideCu+1 O-2 Cu2O

Ionic Compounds - Construct name given formula

• Write metal name first, then non-metal ending with “ide”

• E.g., CaCl2 calcium chloride

Ionic Compounds - Construct name given formula

• For PAIs, don’t change their ending

• E.g., CaCrO4

calcium chromate

Ionic Compounds: Construct name given formula

• For multivalent metals reverse criss-cross subscripts to find charges

• Always check charge of non-metal (2nd ion)– If not, multiply both sides by the same # to correct

• Write metal’s charge in roman numerals after name(I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII)

*On periodic table, most

common ion is listed on top

Ionic Compounds - Construct name given formula

• CuO– Cu can either be 1+ or 2+– Reverse criss-cross = 1+– Check: can oxygen be 1-?– Multiply– Name: copper (II) oxide

Hydrates• Molecules that include water in their crystal

structuresNaming• Find name before water is attached• Add water using a prefix with the word

“hydrate” CoCl2

cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate CoCl2·6H2O

Prefixes for Hydrates

=Prefix

# water molecules Prefix

# water molecules

Mono 1 Hexa 6

Di 2 Hepta 7

Tri 3 Octa 8

Tetra 4 Nona 9

Penta 5 Deca 10

Name a hydrate!

Name a hydrate

Cr(NO3)3·9H2O

chromium (III) nitrate nonahydrate

Science 10 Quiz Feb 12, 20141. Identify the hydrate(s) in the list belowa) Al(NO3)3 b) H2O2 c) Al(NO3)3·9H2O d) CaCrO4

2. The least/most common ion charge is written above the other ion charges

Devin S.

Anthony T.

Sonia W.

Gabrielle, W.

Alisha Y.

Oliver K Cici L. Aidan M.

Karla M.

Teagan M.

Avery S.

Robert F.

Jordan G.

Jordanne H.

Liam H. Sarah H.

Daniel H.

Sydney H.

Rab H. Rose J. Richard J.

Clayton A.

Brianna B.

Eddie B.

Darian B.

Cara B. Spencer C.

Shea C. Austin C.

Kowisha C.

Stephy C.

Science 10 Quiz Feb 12, 20141. Identify the hydrate(s) in the list belowa) Al(NO3)3 b) H2O2 c) Al(NO3)3·9H2O d) CaCrO4

2. The least/most common ion charge is written above the other ion charges

Chelsea T.

Jacob W.

Amy W.

Mandy H.

Christina L.

Jack L. Michael L.

Lewis M.

Alexander O.

Kyra R. Kaleb S. Ashley S.

Ashen S.

Sam B. Bradley B.

Caleb B.

Jessie C.

Alex C. Emily C.

Rachel C.

Ben E. Connor H.

Danielle H.

Covalent compounds (aka molecules)

• Share electrons• No order in formation (clump as (s), (l), or (g)• Use the same prefixes (mono, di, tri, …)• Made of 2 or more non-metals• Subscripts show actual number of atoms in

molecule

• examples: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxideCO CO2

Naming binary covalent compounds

• Binary = 2 elementsSteps:1. Write the most metallic (left) element first2. Second element gets “ide” ending***Subscripts must be named***

e.g., nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen dioxideNO2 N2O2

TRAPS

• NH4+ = ammonium

• NH3 = ammonia

• H2O = water

Some Common Acids naming scheme: {H + something} Three Acids:

1. H + Non Metal (found on right side of Periodic table {Halogen})

a) start with “HYDRO b) add non metal c) change ending to IC most times {RIC}d) add word “acid”

Example: HF = hydrofluoric acid HB = HCl =

2. H + Poly atomic ion with a ATE ending a) name P.A.I.b) change ending to “RIC”c) add word “acid”Example: H2SO4 = sulphuric acid

H3PO4 =

H2CrO4 =

3. H + Poly atomic ion with a ITE endinga) name P.A.Ib) change ending to “ROUS”c) add word “acid”Examples: HNO2 = nitrous acid

H2SO3 =

H3PO3 =

1. Silver chloride__________2. Sulphur dioxide__________3. Lead (II) acetate decahydrate_______________4. Silver dichromate__________5. Silicon tetraflouride__________6. Ammonium phosphate __________7. Copper (I) iodide__________8. Iron (II) fluoride nonahydrate_____________9. Zinc hydrogen sulphite______________10. Manganese (IV) monohydrogen phosphate

trihydrate ________________

Name into Formula

Formula into Name

1. NI3 _______________________________

2. Ca(OH)2 _______________________________

3. Fe2(SO4)3.H2O _______________________________

4. (NH4)2C2O4 _______________________________

5. Co3(PO4)2.8H2O_______________________________

6. H3PO4 _______________________________

7. HClO2 _______________________________

8. N3O _______________________________

9. HI _______________________________10. Mg3P2 _______________________________

Science 10 Chapter 4.2Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds

4 types of compounds CO2

HNO3

CoO Cr(NO3)3·9H2O workbook pages

71, 73 due tomorrow