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Day One: IntroductionDO NOW

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Eric has a vitamin D deficiency. List two foods he should eat:

TALK LIKE A SCIENTIST

Digestion:

I DO: Digestive SystemDirections: Take notes as your teacher uses the word bank to label the parts of the digestive system.

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WE DO: Carbohydrates (Sugar!)Carbohydrates are among the most important nutrients for our body. One carbohydrate, glucose, is the chemical needed for the mitochondria in cells to make energy through respiration. These come in three different forms:

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Carbohydrates are molecules made of three different atoms: Carbon (carbo-) Hydrogen (-hydr-) Oxygen (-ate)

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are called “ sugars.” They provide short bursts of energy which are powerful but do not last long. These are often refined, and the more refined they are, the quicker they pass and the shorter they last. Polysaccharides are “ sugars.” They provide longer lasting, sustained energy.Based on their structure, why would polysaccharides provide more energy? Why might refined sugars provide less energy than unrefined sugars? After digestion, glucose and other sugars in a meal can go one of two places. If there are enough mitochondria with enough oxygen available to start respiration, they are used to synthesize ATP, or energy. Otherwise, they are put into storage in one of two forms: Glycogen, which is stored in the

liver and muscles and can supply shorter-term energy when needed in the near future

Fat, which is stored in adipose cells and stores energy for the long-term

Explain what would happen in the body if the liver and muscles are saturated with glycogen.

YOU DO: Triglycerides (Fat!)

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When we eat carbohydrates that cannot be immediately used in respiration, and there is no room to store it as glycogen, our body converts it to something called a triglyceride, or fat. Fat stores energy which can be used later, but it takes up a lot of space, as can be seen in the comparison between five pounds of fat and muscle to the right. Fat gets a bad rap, and too much stored fat leads to being overweight or obese, which have side effects due to added strain on the heart and blood vessels.

However, there are good kinds of fat and bad kinds of fat. The good fats are unsaturated fats, with two kinds:

Monounsaturated:

Polyunsaturated:

The bad fats are saturated and trans fats: Saturated:

Trans:

Directions: Use the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast good and bad fats.

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EXIT TICKET

Directions: The diagram above shows the process of digestion in the human body, including carbohydrates and triglycerides, which we discussed in class today. The low-fat diet claims that if a person eats only proteins and carbohydrates and eats no triglycerides (fats), they will lose weight. Using the diagram, describe why this would happen.

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If you stopped eating altogether, what would happen to your muscles?

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