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INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE - LU · INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE . Title: Inga_Retike_mikroelementi...
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Trace elements in groundwater in Latvia: existing data and first new results Inga RETIKE, Andis KALVANS, Aija DELINA, Alise BABRE, Baiba RAGA, Eleonora PERKONE University of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, e-mail: [email protected] The territory of Latvia is a part of the Baltic Artesian (Sedimentary) basin which can be subdivided in three major water exchange zones: freshwater (active water exchange), saline (delayed exchange), and brines (stagnant) hydrogeological zones considering water chemistry and intensity of water connection between aquifers. Trace element occurrence in groundwater can be due to natural sources such as dilution of water bearing rocks, surface impact or anthropogenic influence. INTRODUCTION THE AIM OF THE STUDY Two main types of data sources are available on groundwater trace element concentration in Latvia: 1) the data from geological mapping and hydrogeological exploration during Soviet times, 2) recent studies, particularly „Agricultural influence on groundwater in Latvia”. It is impossible to test the quality of the first; therefore, the old data is incompa- rable to data obtained by modern methods. The second data source is mainly limited to Quaternary sedimentary aquifer susceptible to agricultural influence. Groundwater samples from monitoring and supply wells as well as boreholes and springs are analyzed by total x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques to determine the concentration of trace and some major elements. At the end of the study there will be new data about approximately two hundred groundwater samples (Table 1). Contents of cations and anions, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (ORP), TDS and dissolved oxygen are analysed to assess the quality of groundwater. Hydrogeological Zones Mul-aquifer system Main aquifers Q D 3 mr-ktl D 3 jn-ak D 3 st D 3 kt-og D 3 dg 12 2 D 3 slp 18 2 D 3 pl 45 D 3 am D 3 gj 28 D 2 br 8 D 2 ar D 2 pr D 2 rz D 1 km D 1 gr Stagnant (brines) C 15 2 1 Lontova water proof formaon C 1 ln 3 10 13 3 4 Regional Narva aquitard D 2 nr Ordovician and Silurian water proof formaon O-S 2 1 New results and planned sampling sites 45 5 Exis ng data (Gosk et al., 2006) Acve water exchange (freshwater) Delayed water exchange (saline) 19 3 1 D 1-2 D 2-3 ar-am 612 4 2 5 P 2 C 1 D 3 fm D 3 pl-aml 5 1 12 14 39 Table 1 Stratification of hydrogeological cross-section; existing data and new results on groundwater trace element concentration and planned sampling sites (Gosk et al., 2006; Levins et al., 1998) MATERIALS AND METHODS Figure 1. Recovery data for the ERM-CA011 drinking water reference by TXRF PicoTax Acknowledgement This study is supported by the European Social Fund project No. 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060 and University of Latvia, Student council. Thanks to JSC "Latvijas valsts mezi" and Rutka fund committee. Previous studies suggest that the influence of lithology of aquifer deposits on con- centrations of trace elements is statistically significant only in cases where aquifer deposits are rich in organic matter or contain well-soluble minerals (Levins and Gosk, 2007). Some exceeding trace element concentrations are associated with gypsum disso- lution in shallow groundwater samples. Studies show that concentration of barium, iron, lithium and strontium get higher with increasing residence time and confine- ment degree of an aquifer (ibid). TXRF can be used to determine trace element concentration up to ug/l range. Good recovery data can be observed for As, Pb, Mn, Ni (±10%) and Cr, Se, Sr, Zn (±15%)and with restrictions for Ba, Cu, Fe, K, Ca. Extreme care must be taken durind sample preparation to avoid sample contamination with Zn, Fe, Ba, K and Ca. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Figure 2. Overview of the measurability of elements using the PicoTAX spectrometer and the typical energy dispersive spectra of the PicoTAX (ERM-CA011 reference) References Gosk, E., Levins, I., Jorgsen Flindt Lisbeth. 2006. Agricultural Influence on Groundwater in Latvia. DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 2006/85. Levins I., Gosk, E. 2007. Trace elements in groundwater as indicators of anthropogenic impact. Environmental Geology, 55, 285–290. Figure 3. Result measured by AAS and TXRF comparision INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE
Transcript of INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE - LU · INVESTING IN YOUR FUTURE . Title: Inga_Retike_mikroelementi...
Trace elements in groundwater in Latvia: existing data and �rst new results
Inga RETIKE, Andis KALVANS, Aija DELINA, Alise BABRE, Baiba RAGA, Eleonora PERKONEUniversity of Latvia, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, e-mail: [email protected]
The territory of Latvia is a part of the Baltic Artesian (Sedimentary) basin which can be subdivided in three major water exchange zones: freshwater (active water exchange), saline (delayed exchange), and brines (stagnant) hydrogeological zones considering water chemistry and intensity of water connection between aquifers.
Trace element occurrence in groundwater can be due to natural sources such as dilution of water bearing rocks, surface impact or anthropogenic in�uence.
INTRODUCTION THE AIM OF THE STUDYTwo main types of data sources are available on groundwater trace element
concentration in Latvia: 1) the data from geological mapping and hydrogeological exploration
during Soviet times,2) recent studies, particularly „Agricultural in�uence on groundwater in
Latvia”. It is impossible to test the quality of the �rst; therefore, the old data is incompa-
rable to data obtained by modern methods. The second data source is mainly limited to Quaternary sedimentary aquifer susceptible to agricultural in�uence.
Groundwater samples from monitoring and supply wells as well as boreholes and springs are analyzed by total x-ray �uorescence (TXRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques to determine the concentration of trace and some major elements. At the end of the study there will be new data about approximately two hundred groundwater samples (Table 1). Contents of cations and anions, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (ORP), TDS and dissolved oxygen are analysed to assess the quality of groundwater.
Hydrogeological ZonesMulti-aquifer
system Main aquifers
Q
D3mr-ktl
D3jn-ak
D3st
D3kt-og
D3dg 12 2
D3slp 18 2
D3pl 45D3amD3gj 28
D2br 8
D2ar
D2pr
D2rz
D1km
D1gr
Stagnant (brines) C
15
21
Lontova water proof formation C1ln
3
1013
3
4Regional Narva aquitard D2nr
Ordovician and Silurian water proof formation O-S
2
1
New results and planned
sampling sites45
5
Existing data (Gosk et al., 2006)
Active water exchange (freshwater)
Delayed water exchange (saline)
19
3
1
D1-2
D2-3ar-am
612425
P2
C1
D3fm
D3pl-aml
5
1
12
1439
Table 1
Strati�cation of hydrogeological cross-section; existing data and new results on groundwater trace element concentration and planned sampling sites (Gosk et
al., 2006; Levins et al., 1998)
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Figure 1. Recovery data for the ERM-CA011 drinking water reference by TXRF PicoTax
Acknowledgement
This study is supported by the European Social Fund project No. 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060 and
University of Latvia, Student council. Thanks to JSC "Latvijas valsts mezi" and Rutka fund committee.
Previous studies suggest that the in�uence of lithology of aquifer deposits on con-centrations of trace elements is statistically signi�cant only in cases where aquifer deposits are rich in organic matter or contain well-soluble minerals (Levins and Gosk, 2007).
Some exceeding trace element concentrations are associated with gypsum disso-lution in shallow groundwater samples. Studies show that concentration of barium, iron, lithium and strontium get higher with increasing residence time and con�ne-ment degree of an aquifer (ibid).
TXRF can be used to determine trace element concentration up to ug/l range. Good recovery data can be observed for As, Pb, Mn, Ni (±10%) and Cr, Se, Sr, Zn (±15%)and with restrictions for Ba, Cu, Fe, K, Ca. Extreme care must be taken durind sample preparation to avoid sample contamination with Zn, Fe, Ba, K and Ca.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Figure 2. Overview of the measurability of elements using thePicoTAX spectrometer and the typical energy dispersive spectra of the PicoTAX
(ERM-CA011 reference)
References
Gosk, E., Levins, I., Jorgsen Flindt Lisbeth. 2006. Agricultural In�uence on Groundwater in Latvia. DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 2006/85.
Levins I., Gosk, E. 2007. Trace elements in groundwater as indicators of anthropogenic impact. Environmental Geology, 55, 285–290.
Figure 3. Result measured by AAS and TXRF comparision
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