Introductory Flight Pilots - Dartmoor Gliding Society · Introductory Flight Pilots ... except in...

Dartmoor Gliding Society Jan 2015

compiled by Don Puttock 1

Introductory Flight Pilots

Dartmoor Gliding SocietyTraining Seminar Jan 2015



Training Seminar 2015• The law and your licence• DGS Policy• Insurance• How the IFP fits in• Instructor development• Help yourself.• So what is a trial lesson?• What is gliding?• Safety criteria• Principles of teaching• Currency and Flying standards.• Practical Flying Training.



The law and your licence

We are in a transition period.

Operations governed by laws and Rules.

This where the BGA recommend and the CAA agree procedures. The ANO being the law of the air.

Operations governed by EASA.

This where EASA lay out the principles and the CAA define the means of compliance, CAP 804.

CAP 804 is a legal instrument today. The deadline for 100% compliance has been shifted back, until then we are able to hang on to the old system if we wish.




Political scene

The role of the British Gliding Association is changing dramatically.

Less control and more representation, and establishment of pilot training standards.

Change is not always popular.




Carrying passengers

Conditions under laws and Rules (old system)Bronze C + 50 hours + CFI approval

Conditions under CAP 804Licence + 10 hours P1 (after licence issue)

In simple terms, in future, an unqualified pilot must not carry passengers.



The law and your licenceObtaining a licenceOld rulesBronze C + 2 soaring flights + general flying test +

navigational skills test (dual) + field landing test + field selection test + medical.

New RulesTraining programme completed + exam +general flying test

+ Navigational skills test (dual or solo)+ medical.In future, soaring will be seen as an achievement not as an

essential training element . The exam will mirror the PPL.




Trial lessonsOld rulesConducted by a basic Instructor or higher.

New RulesConducted by any qualified pilot.

It is worthy of note that any flying a trainee pilot does with a non-instructor does not count towards the total training time.



The law and your licenceTo become an instructor

Old rules

• a) Silver badge • b) Minimum of 75 hours P1 on gliders, including 100 launches • c) Recommendation by CFI • d) Completion of BGA Approved Instructor Course • e) Acceptance Test by CFI • f) Within 18 months of acceptance by CFI, completion of the ‘BGA

Assistant Instructor Rating Completion Course’



The law and your licence• Instructor New Rules

• FCL.915 General prerequisites and requirements for instructors• (a) General. An applicant for an instructor certificate shall be at least 18 years of age.• (b) Additional requirements for instructors providing flight instruction in aircraft. An• applicant for or the holder of an instructor certificate with privileges to conduct• flight instruction in an aircraft shall:• (1) hold at least the licence and, where relevant, the rating for which flight• instruction is to be given;• (2) except in the case of the flight test instructor, have:• (i) completed at least 15 hours of flight as a pilot on the class or type of• aircraft on which flight instruction is to be given, of which a maximum• of 7 hours may be in an FSTD representing the class or type of aircraft,• if applicable; or• (ii) passed an assessment of competence for the relevant category of• instructor on that class or type of aircraft;• (3) be entitled to act as PIC on the aircraft during such flight instruction.To become an

instructor



DGS Policy

• CAP 804 is a legal instrument today.

• DGS has decided to adopt CAP 804 when ever practicable.



DGS Policy

Implications

1. A qualified pilot holds a licence. 2. Any mutual flying between non-qualified pilots

is no longer permitted. 3. For now, holding the relevant qualification

is enough. In the near future, to meet DGS rules, it will become necessary to hold an EASA licence.



DGS Policy

Implications

1. Irrespective of the legal minima, DGS will aim to protect its fleet.

2. Pilots wishing to carry passengers or friends and family in the club 2 seaters must be approved by the CFI.

Holding a licence does not automatically entitle the pilot to carry a passenger in club aircraft.



DGS PolicyImplicationsCarrying trial lessons

1. Legally, any qualified pilot is permitted to carry a trial lesson. He is also permitted to allow P2 to handle the controls.

2. The risks include potential for---inconsistency, lack of currency, safety risks etc.

3. At DGS, only approved and trained pilots will be permitted to carry people with the intention of providing an introductory flight.



Insurance• Any non BGA rated pilot carrying a passenger

will not benefit from the BGA additional 2nd seat insurance cover.

• This insurance cover provides an additional £5M cover. Limited nationally to a max of £5M pa.

• DGS has now got its own separate cover of £5M per claim, and does not need the BGA policy.



Introductory Flight Pilot

A new interim rating—(IFP)

• In late 2014, DGS created a new rating that reflected the new regulatory requirements.

• Since then the BGA have adopted the rating and published a set of rules (not Laws) that mirror DGS.

What might get missed in the small print is no longer a need to hold a Silver C.




The idea of a locally produced trial lesson pilot is not new.

• Before BIs we had AEIs, bronze C pilots approved by a CFI to carry passengers.

• The ATC routinely use non qualified pilots to teach ab-initios.




The IFP as a stepping stone.

• It is a very big step to go from pilot to an instructor teaching new pilots.

• Flying introductory flights gives you the opportunity to adjust and become more current than you ever thought possible.

• This reduces the time and cost of getting a pilot into the system.




Consider for a moment what an IFP does in a first flight?

1. He explains what the passenger will experience. (Tell them what you are going to show them)

2. He conducts the flight confirming the various phases of flight (show them)

3. He summarises the flight experience with the passenger (tell them what you showed them)




Basic teaching principle

Tell them what you are going to

tell themTell them

Tell them what you told them.




• Newsreader methodology is used often• Everything we teach in flight must be

preceded by a demonstration.• The IFP is providing a meaningful

demonstration of a typical flight in a glider.

Now I will show youA typical glider flight

Describe the flight

Discuss the details after the flight




The trick is to make your flight plan an enjoyable and rewarding experience.

• Does your passenger feel safe?• Does your passenger feel amongst

friends?• Did you make your passenger feel stupid?



Instructor development

Moving from your current skill level to that of a qualified instructor is something you can consciously work on.

1. Your reputation is created by your behaviour on the field. Are you seen as safe, knowledgeable.

2. Your passengers first impression of you? 3. Are you building your knowledge, do you

practice mini lectures?4. Do you know when to stop and listen?.



Instructor Development• FCL.920 Instructor competencies and assessment• All instructors shall be trained to achieve the following competences:• — Prepare resources,• — Create a climate conducive to learning,• — Present knowledge,• — Integrate Threat and Error Management (TEM) and crew

resourcemanagement,• — Manage time to achieve training objectives,• — Facilitate learning,• — Assess trainee performance,• — Monitor and review progress,• — Evaluate training sessions,• — Report outcome.



Help yourself

Your own development is in your hands

• Offer to assist the instructors with ground briefs.• Take an active role in teaching ab-initios.• Check out the training cards, pick out some mini

briefs. Teach and record on the card.• Become that person a pupil will want to confide

in.



So what is a trial lesson?To the treasurer it is a source of 80% of a clubs

revenue.To the club member it is a nuisance that takes up

launches and needs attention.To the local community it is a educational

opportunity.To a would be aviator it is an opportunity to try it

out.To granddad it is a gift of development.It is all a question of perspective.



So what is a trial lesson?

To you it could be• An opportunity to do something useful for the

club. Make money for the club, and reduce the workload of the instructing team.

• To make new friends• To improve your standing in the DGS

community, how others see you.• An apprenticeship to teaching people to fly,

personal development.



So what is a trial lesson?

• The safest flight this person will ever have.• Your mission is to understand what the trial

lesson person is trying to achieve. • Within reason achieve those objectives and

have fun.• Don’t ever forget that your everyday experience

is something new and exciting for P2. You don’t need to dress it up.



So what is Gliding?Again it is all a matter of perspective.

• Romantic• Challenge

• Complete Mystery• A Dream

• A stepping stone• A way to meet new friends

• A way to show off

In most cases it offers personal development, overcoming a fear?, getting to grips with a skill?, joining a friendly community?

Remember, waxing lyrical might be just the job it depends on how the trial lesson sees it.



Safety CriteriaIn is essential that: • you are current • you are familiar with the aircraft • you are current on the launch method to be used • the weather is suitable (see Meteorological limits within these notes)? Are you sure

you can easily cope with today's conditions? • Your licence and experience is valid

• Some other challenges for consideration; • Low Sun? • Misting canopy? • Are there adequate options available should a launch failure occur and are you

current in handling launch failures in these conditions? No wind and a short runway can be very challenging

• Is there time available for the flight?

• Conditions are not always ideal for introductory flights even if general club activity is continuing.

If you have any doubt, refuse to launch.



Safety criteria• The following conditions are considered inappropriate for introductory flights. • DO NOT LAUNCH IF: • o Launching into cloud • o Launching in rain, or if the flight is likely to be in flown in rain. • o Launching with rain/snow/ice on the glider. • o Launching with misted canopy.

• SEEK ADVICE FROM THE INSTRUCTOR IN-CHARGE BEFORE LAUNCHING IF: • o The wind is turbulent.(Varying by more than 10 kts). • o The wind is strong (>20 kts) • o Cloudbase is less than 1200’• o Flight visibility is less than 5km • o Launching above more than 4/8th cloud

• All flights must be completed by time of official night.



Safety Criteria

Value for money

As an IFP, you have complete discretion.If for any reason you feel it is correct to fly this

person again, please do so. There will not be a court of enquiry.

Do not ever push safety margins to stretch out a flight time.



Principles of teaching

• Tell them what your going to tell them..• Unconscious incompetence.• Vygotsky zone of proximal development• Threat and Error management• Briefing? Before every flight



Principles of Teaching

Basic teaching principle

Tell them what you are going to

tell themTell them

Tell them what you told them.The news reader




• Vygotsky ZPD



Principles of Teaching

Threat and error management (TEM)

Anticipate Recognise Recover

Threats---out of your control

Errors---made by you

Undesired Aircraft state

We teach our pilots this fundamental principle. Consider what could go wrong and then have a recovery plan. An IFP will always think like this, and teach like this.




A briefing before every flight

How long should it be?What should be in it?

Discuss



Recency and Flying StandardsFCL.230.S SPL — Recency requirementsHolders of an SPL shall only exercise the privileges of their

licence when complying with the recency requirements in FCL.140.S. (Section 4,Part B Subpart 3, LAPL(S))

(a) Sailplanes and powered sailplanes. Holders of an SPL shall only exercise the privileges of their licence on sailplanes or powered sailplanes when they have completed on sailplanes or powered sailplanes, excluding TMGs, in the last 24 months, at least:

(1) 5 hours of flight time as PIC, including 15 launches;(2) 2 training flights with an instructor;



Recency and Flying Standards• FCL.060 Recent experience

(b) Aeroplanes, helicopters, powered-lift, airships and sailplanes. A pilot shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport or carrying passengers:

(1) as PIC or co-pilot unless he/she has carried out, in the preceding 90 days, at least 3 take-offs, approaches and landings in an aircraft of the same type or class or an FFS representing that type or class. The 3 take-offs and landings shall be performed in either multi-pilot or single-pilot operations, depending on the privileges held by the pilot;



Recency and Flying Standards

2 levels---1. good enough to fly on your own.2. Good enough to carry a passenger.

Then there is the application of common sense. The less current (for the circumstances you are faced), the more unsafe you are.

You decide if you are going to take off, nature decides when you must land.



IFT Practical Flying Training• A1- Lookout and Airmanship • The candidate must use standard lookout techniques; scanning the horizon,

checking instrument readings and monitoring the position of the aircraft in relation to the home landing area. Where any exercises are flown, they should be with consideration to height loss and position with respect to entering a normal circuit.

• A2 - Speed Control • The candidate should demonstrate the ability to maintain a safe and

appropriate control over airspeed and attitude (with regard to conditions) in any phase of flight. The airspeed on any approach should never be below a pre – declared minimum, and not more than reasonable and appropriate for the conditions. The candidate must be able to maintain a safe speed (no matter the circumstances) on the winch launch.

• A3 - Lack of Slip and Skid • All turns should be well co-ordinated. If mistakes in coordination are made,

the candidate must be able to recognise when the glider is beginning to yaw, and take action to smoothly remedy the situation. There must be no tendency to over rudder turns - especially in the circuit.



IFT Practical Flying Training• A4 - Circuit Planning • Circuits should be planned such that the final turn is completed at a safe

height (normally above 300’) and at a distance back from the landing area appropriate to allow a stable 2/3rds airbrake approach. If a normal circuit cannot be flown, the glider should be positioned such as to achieve a safe landing with as high a final turn as safely possible in the circumstances.

• A5 - Winch Launch Failures • The candidate should be able to fly the correct recovery procedure.

Recovery speed should never be below the minimum discussed in eventualities and not more than reasonable. Turns should never be over ruddered. The emphasis should be on getting safely back on the ground, disregarding convenience.

• A6 - Stalling and Spinning • Candidates should be able to recognise a stall and the individual symptoms.

They should be able to recover using standard techniques. They must be able to recognise the difference between a spin and a spiral dive, and use the correct recovery for each. Full opposite rudder must be used on the recovery from a spin.



IFT Practical Flying Training• A7 - Landings / Field Landings • Landings made by the candidate must be fully held off. Candidates

should be able to land and stop within a few metres of a pre- arranged area if it is safe and appropriate. The approach should be planned to ensure spare energy is available should sink be encountered in the latter part. This means planning for a half to two thirds airbrake approach to the reference point. The candidate should be able to demonstrate more than one approach to suitable candidate selected fields away from the home site in a motorglider.

• A8 – Winch launching • Winch launches and failures should always follow the BGA safe

launching profiles (a good resource is the BGA safe winch launching page, which includes a quiz).



Flying test• Flights from rear seat.• Brief and take examiner for an introductory flight.

Demonstrate the ability to plan a flight that concludes with a normal circuit and final turn above 300ft intercepting a 2/3 airbrake approach.

• Aviate, navigate, communicate.• At least 2 launch failures ASDA. • Demonstrate symptoms of an approaching stall,

and spin and recover.



Coffee time

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Introductory Flight Pilots - Dartmoor Gliding Society · Introductory Flight Pilots ... except in...

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