Introduction To Your Body

By: Hannah Troy, Brittany Speck, Nick Kiwak, Evan Petrosky, Meghan Meyer, Michael K

Tissues- Group of cells working together for a common function. There are four basic types-epithelial, connective, nerve, and muscle tissues.

Organs- A group of tissues that work together to perform a single function is called a organ.

Organ System- An organ system is a group of organ that perform closely related functions.

Skeletal- supports and protects the body. Muscular- gives body the ability to move. Digestive- Processes food into a form that

the cells if the body can use; absorbs food. Excretory- Rids the body of wastes. Immune- Fights off invading germs;

provides protection from diseases and parasites.

Nervous- Retrieves information and relays messages.

Integumentary- Protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration.

Respiratory- Brings oxygen to the body and rids the body of carbon dioxide.

Circulatory- bring oxygen, food, and chemical messages to cells.

Reproductive- Produces reproductive cells; in females, nurtures and protects developing embryo.

Endocrine- Helps to regulate and control the body’s functions.

Communication and Control

Neurons- the message-carrying cell of the nervous system

Neurons can relay signals from one end of a cell to the other, can also pass these impulses from cell to cell

The center of this network is the brain where impulses arrive from every part of the body

This broadcasting system is the endocrine system

The endocrine system is made up of a series of glands located throughout the body

Glands are organs that produce and release chemicals

-Endocrine glands generally release their chemicals into the blood stream

Endocrine glands send signals between each other and other cells in the body.

-produced by the endocrine glands in the form of hormones

Hormones- chemicals that travel through the blood stream

-particular hormones are called target cells

Pituitary gland- the tiny structure at the base of the brain

Hypothalamus- attached to a region of the brain

Some hormones released from the pituitary gland are made in the hypothalamus.

Thyroxine- body’s most important hormone

Made by the thyroid gland Gland needs amino acids thyrosine and

iodine, obtained by food, to make throxine

Thyroxine increases a cells metabolic rate in which they use food and oxygen.

Thyroxine makes cells grow faster -too much results in: Increased blood pressure, lowered pulse

rate, excessive sleepiness, and weight gain

Hypothalamus cells have receptors for thyroxine

When thyroxine levels drop, hypothalamus increase activity

-cells produce a thyroid releasing hormone

- TRH goes to the pituitary gland through tiny blood vessels

- This causes the gland cells to release TSH into the blood stream

Combination of the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid gland

Regulates the level of thyroxine in the bloodstream

When there’s not enough, the thyroid gland is stimulated by TSH to make more

When there’s too much, TSH isn’t released so that the thyroid makes less

When it works too fast, thyroxine causes the hypothalamus to signal the TG to slow down

When it’s working too slow, low levels of thyroxine cause the hypo. to signal the TG to speed up

Negative feedback regulates the release of hormones

It’s secretion of hormones inhabits further production of another hormone

NF enables conditions in the body to stay consistant

Systems Human Psychology- The study of how the

body works Immune System- fights diseases Digestive System- breaks down complex

molecules in food. These molecules are absorbed into the blood

Circulatory System- transports blood through the body

Nervous System- anxiety Endocrine System- nerves

Adrenal Cortex- releases adrenaline Respiratory System- clears carbon

dioxide

Nervous system issues commands to the muscles so they contract in patterns on your bones, making you able to move.