Introduction to software1

Introduction to Software

Contents

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Software History & Life Cycle

Type of Software

Software Overview & Evolution of Software

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

How Computer Works ?Computer works to compute and communicate data;Computer execute and processing data;

Introduction

How Computer Compute, Communicate, Execute and Processing Data ?

by a set of program instruction called SOFTWARE;

Software Overview

What is software or computer software ??

Software is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do

Software Overview

We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes

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Software Overview

Tells your computer what to doStored as a file in bits and bytes, Software = Computer Programs

Software Overview

1Functions

2Programs

3Instructs

What sofware can performs ?

Hardware Input Software

Software Definition

How Software Works?

Software Overview

Level of Processing in Software

Software History

The most primitive form of software, using Boolean algebra, which are represented as binary digits (bits): 1 (true / on) or 0 (false / off switch), this is certainly looking very difficult, that people began to classify these bits become nible (4 bits), byte (8 bits), word (2 bytes), double word (32 bits). These group of bytes called assembler.High level programming language allows humans to make the program easily. Currently making the software has become a very complex production process, with the sequence of a long process involving dozens or even hundreds of people in the making.

Software Life Cycle

Evolution of Software

Pioneer EraStable EraMicro EraModern Era


Pioneer EraForms of software initially is a connection to the inter-connection cable inside the computer, the following picture shows the people who are using the computer. Another way to access a computer is using a punched card or the holes card. The use of computers was still carried out directly, a program for a machine for a particular purpose.


Stable EraIn this era, theuse of computers has been much, not only by researchers and academic need, but also by the industry / company. Emerging software companies, and a software to run multiple functions, from this software began to shift into a product. Command lines of software which is run by a computer is no longer the only one, but it was as much the process will be undertaken simultaneously (multi-tasking). A software able to solve many users (multi user)


Micro EraThe software can differentiate into a software system that handles internal and application software that is used directly by its consumer for a particular purpose. Automation that is in the software leads to a kind of artificial intelligence.


Modern EraConvergenceUbiquitous ComputingPervasive Computing

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Type of Software

System SoftwareApplication Software

COMPUTER HARDWARE

OPERATING SYSTEM

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

14/11/2011 Computer Software26

Type of Software

Programs that helps managing the computer system,helps maintaining the computer system,

Examples: Operating System, Disk Defragmenter,Disk Cleanup.

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Type of Software

Program thatallows the user to communicate with the computer,manages input and output devices of a computer systemmanages all programs in a computer,

Examples: Windows XP, Linux.

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Type of Software

Program for a specific task likeText processing, E-Mail,Games

Example: MS Word.

Type of Software

Type of SoftwareApplication software.Middleware controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.Programming languages define the syntax and sematics of computer programs.System software includes operating systems, which govern computing resources. Today large applications running on remote machines such as Websites are considered to be system software, because the end-user interface is generally through a Graphical user interface (GUI), such as a web browser.

Type of Software

Type of Software (cont)Testware is software for testing hardware or a software package.Firmware is low-level software often stored on electrically programmable memory devices. Firmware is given its name because it is treated like hardware and run ("executed") by other software programs.Device drivers control parts of computers such as disk drives, printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.Programming tools help conduct computing tasks in any category listed above. For programmers, these could be tools for debugging or reverse engineering older legacy systems in order to check source code compatibility.

Type of Software

Application SoftwareBusiness: Administrative, Business simulation, Business Process Management(BPM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Financial, Accounting, Investment Club, Office, Content management systems (CMS), Blog, Collaborative, Document Management, Version control, Video Hosting, Widget management, Wiki, Office suites (Lotus, Microsoft, ...), Presentation, Spreadsheets, Typing, Word processors(Linux, Mac, Windows, ...), Project Management, Mind-Mapping, Reporting, Risk Management, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Technical Analysis, Workflow TechnologyChildhood

Type of Software

Application Software (cont)Communication: Amateur Radio, Bluetooth, Bulletin Board, E-mail, Instant Messaging Clients, Mailing Lists, Technical Communication Tools, Diagramming, Documentation generators, Online help, Web Browsers, Word processors(Linux, Mac, Windows)Digital Typography:

• Desktop publishing• Editing, Audio editors, Font editors, Formula editors, Hex editors, Outliners, Raster

graphics editors, Raster to Vector Conversion, Spelling checking, TeX Editors, Text editors(Mac, Unix, Linux, Windows), Emacs, BeOS text editors, Collaborative real-time editors, HTML editors, JavaScript-based HTML editors, Notepad replacements, Vector Graphics Editors

• Typesetting, EPUB readers (e-books), Page description, PDF, PostScript, TeX, Troff

Type of Software

Application Software (cont)

Education: Edu-Ware educational, Educational operating systems, Educational Programming Languages, Interactive geometry, Learning Management, Notetaking, Pedagogic integrated development environments, Renaissance Learning, Virtual learning environmentsEntertainment: Video Games, Gambling, Draughts, Computer Chess, Go, Poker, Role-playing Games, Novelty, Demos, SportsGenealogyGovernmentComputer Graphics:, 3D Graphics, Animation, 2D Animation, Card Creator, Data visualization, Diagramming, Image organizers, Image VIewers, Digital Photography, Panorama, Photo stitching, Raster Graphics, Raster to Vector Conversion, Screencasting (capture), Vector Graphics editors

Type of Software


Health: Dental, Disability, Screen readers, Speech synthesis, Healthcare, NeuroimagingIdentity: Biometrics, Identity management, Password managersIndustry: Production and manufacturing, Computer-aided engineering, Building information modeling, Computer-aided design, Computer-aided engineering, Geotechnical engineering, Optical, Electronic Design Automation (EDA), Electronic circuit simulators, Computer-aided manufacturing, Film production, Screenwriting, RoboticsKnowledge Representation: Concept Mapping, Mind-mapping, Ontology editors, Rule engines, Expert systemsLanguage: Computational linguistics, Computer-assisted translation, Machine translationLegal

Type of Software


Library and Information Science: Dictionary, Digital library, Institutional Repository, Library Automation, Reference management, BibTexMultimedia: Audio, Audio codecs, Audio editors, Digital audio recording, Compositing, Media players, Media readers, Multimedia frameworks, Optical disc authoring, PDF, Podcasting, Tag editors, Video editing, Video conversionMusic: Audio trackers, Guitar, Scorewriters, Synthesizers, Drum machinesPersonal information managers: Calendaring, Personal digital assistantReligion

Type of Software

Application Software (cont)Science:

• Artificial intelligence, Agent-based, Chatterbots, Computer vision, Expert systems, Face recognition, Natural language, Neural network, Optical character recognition, Speech recognition

• Astronomy• Bioinformatics, Molecular modelling, Molecular dynamics• Cheminformatics, Chemistry, Computational chemistry, Molecular modelling, Molecular dynamics,

Mass spectrometry• Computational science• Earth science, Earth sciences graphics, Virtual globes, Environmental science, Geographic information

system (GIS), Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), Integrated Hydrologic Modelling, Numerical climate and weather models, Remote sensing

• Geology• Laboratory• Linguistic research• Mathematics, Computer algebra, Formal methods, Model checkers, Theorem proving, Formula

editors, Interactive geometry, Numerical, Finite element, Mathematical optimization, Pi, Statistical, Data Analysis, Econometrics, Spreadsheets, Cryptographic

• Physics, Computational physics, Optics• Plotting

Type of Software


Simulation: Computer-aided Engineering, Geotechnical engineering, Interior design, Optical, Scientific Simulation, Outer space/Space flight,Transportation: Route planning, Satellite navigation, Transport simulation

Type of Software

Operating System

Simulation: Computer-aided Engineering, Geotechnical engineering, Interior design, Optical, Scientific Simulation, Outer space/Space flight,Transportation: Route planning, Satellite navigation, Transport simulation

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Introduction to software1

Education

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