Introduction to Robotics · Robotics Defined Robotics is a field of computer science and...
Transcript of Introduction to Robotics · Robotics Defined Robotics is a field of computer science and...
Introduction to Robotics and
Automation
By: Mr. Ferddie Quiroz Canlas
Introduction
Robotics Defined
Robotics is a field of computer science and engineering
concerned with creating robots, devices that can move
and react to sensory input. It is also referred as one
branch of artificial intelligence.
Robotics required a working knowledge of electronics,
mechanics and software.
Robotics Defined The term Robots came from the 1921 play "R.U.R."
or the Rossum's Universal Robots by the Czech writer Karel Capek.
"Robot" came from the Czech word "robota", meaning "forced labor." The play was a great success when it opened in the U.S.
The word "robotics" also comes from science fiction - it first appeared in the short story "Runaround" in 1942 by Isaac Asimov.
This story was later included in Asimov's famous book "I, Robot". The robot stories of Isaac Asimov also introduced the idea of a "positronic brain" and the "three laws of robotics”.
Laws of Robotics Asimov proposed three “Laws of
Robotics” and later added the “zeroth
law”
Law Zero: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
Law One: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law.
Law Two: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law.
Law Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law.
Robot Defined
Robot is a technological system, able to replace or assist
man in carrying out a variety of physical tasks. It produces
an impression of man – like machine capable of super
human performances at peak efficiency.
Robot Defined
Karel Capek
Word robot was
coined by a Czech
novelist Karel Capek
in a 1920 play titled
Rassum’s Universal
Robots (RUR)
Robot in Czech is a
word for worker or
servant
Robot Defined
According to the Australian Robotics and
Automation Association, there is no standard
definition of a robot. But the ARAA suggests that a
robot has three essential characteristics:
It possesses some form of mobility.
It can be programmed to accomplish a large variety
of tasks.
After being programmed, it operates automatically.
Robot Defined
A robot is a reprogrammable,
multifunctional manipulator designed to
move material, parts, tools or specialized
devices through variable programmed
motions for the performance of a variety
of tasks: Robot Institute of America, 1979
Uses of Robots
Jobs that are dangerous
for humans
DANGEROUS
Decontaminating Robot
Cleaning the main circulating pump housing in the nuclear
power plant
Uses of Robots
Repetitive jobs that
are boring, stressful,
or labor intensive for
humans
DULL
Welding Robot
Uses of Robots
Menial tasks that
human don’t want
to do
DIRTY
The SCRUBMATE Robot
History
History
250 BC, Clepsydra or water clock by Ctesibius of Alexandra, a Greek physicist and inventor
350 BC, The pigeon by Archytas of Tarentum, a Greek Mathematician
1495, Leonardo Da Vinci, design of a humanoid robot
1738, Jacques de Vaucanson, android that played the flute and a mechanical duck
History
1890s, Nikola Tesla, earliest remote
control vehicles, Elsie the tortoise or
Machina speculatrix
1960s, Stanford Research Institute in Palo
Alto, California, Shakey
1960s, Ralph Moser of General Electric
Corp., General Electric Walking Truck
Mechanical Duck
Elsie the Tortoise
The Walking Truck
Shakey
Unimation and Unimates The first modern industrial robots
were probably the Unimates
created by George Devol and Joe
Engleberger in the 1950's and
60's. Engleberger started the first
robotics company, called
"Unimation", and has been called
the "father of robotics."
1954: The first programmable
robot is designed by George
Devol, who coins the term
Universal Automation. He later
shortens this to Unimation, which
becomes the name of the first
robot company (1962).
UNIMATE originally automated the
manufacture of TV picture tubes
Unimation’s Puma
1978: The Puma
(Programmable
Universal Machine for
Assembly) robot is
developed by
Unimation with a
General Motors design
support
PUMA 560 Manipulator
Robotics in the 80’s 1980s: The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth.
Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments.
Adept’s SCARA robots Cognex In-Sight Robot Barrett Technology
Manipulator
Today’s Robotics
1995-present:
Emerging applications
in small robotics and
mobile robots drive a
second growth of
start-up companies
and research
2003: NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers will launch toward
Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars
Application of Robots
Robots in Industry
Agriculture
Automobile
Construction
Entertainment
Health care: hospitals,
patient-care, surgery ,
research, etc.
Laboratories: science,
engineering , etc.
Law enforcement:
surveillance, patrol, etc.
Manufacturing
Military: demining,
surveillance, attack, etc.
Mining, excavation, and
exploration
Transportation: air, ground,
rail, space, etc.
Utilities: gas, water, and
electric
Warehouses
Robots
Industrial Applications of Robots
Material handling
Material transfer
Machine loading and/or
unloading
Spot welding
Continuous arc welding
Spray coating
Assembly
Inspection
Robots in Industry
Robots in Industry
Exploration
Robots in Space
NASA Space Station
Robots in Hazardous Environments
TROV in Antarctica
operating under water HAZBOT operating in atmospheres
containing combustible gases
Medicine
Medical Robots
Robotic assistant for
micro surgery
Military and Policy
Entertainment
Robots at Home
Sony SDR-3X Entertainment Robot Sony Aido
Toys
Classes of Robots
Classes of Robots
Analog
Autonomous
Humanoid
Nano
Service
Social
Locomotion
styles
Legged
Wheeled
Linear
Manipulator
Analog Robot
Analog Robot is a type of robot which uses
analog circuitry to go toward a simple goal
such as finding more light or responding to
sound.
An interesting ability of analog robots is that
they think on their own.
Autonomous Robot
Autonomous robots are robots which can
perform desired tasks in unstructured
environments without continuous human
guidance.
Autonomous Robot
A fully autonomous robot in the real world has the ability to: Gain information about the environment.
Work for months or years without human intervention.
Travel from point A to point B, without human navigation assistance.
Avoid situations that are harmful to people, property or itself
Repair itself without outside assistance.
Autonomous Robot
A robot may also be able to learn
autonomously. Autonomous learning includes
the ability to:
Learn or gain new capabilities without
outside assistance.
Adjust strategies based on the surroundings.
Adapt to surroundings without outside
assistance.
Humanoid
A humanoid robot is a
robot with its overall
appearance based on that
of the human body.
In general humanoid
robots have a torso with a
head, two arms and two
legs, although some forms
of humanoid robots may
model only part of the
body, for example, from
the waist up.
Locomotion Style Robot
Locomotion Style Robot
Differential Wheeled Robot
Snake Robot
Walker
Manipulators
Locomotion Style Robot
A differential wheeled robot
is a mobile robot whose
movement is based of two
separately driven wheels
placed on either side of the
robot body. It can thus
change its direction by
varying the relative rate of
rotation of its wheels and
hence does not require an
additional steering motion.
Nano Robot Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or
robots at or close to the scale of a millionth of a millimeter (10-9 meters). More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely theoretical nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building nanorobots. Nanorobots are typically devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.
Service Robot
Service robots assist human beings, typically by performing a job that is dirty, dull, distant or dangerous. Domestic
Educational
Entertainment
Industrial
Laboratory
Medical
Military
Future of Robots
Artificial Intelligence
Cog Kismet
Autonomy
Robot Work Crews Garbage Collection Cart
Humanoids
HONDA Humanoid Robot