Introduction to Pathology Dr.H.Zahawi,FRC.Path. Study of Medicine & Disease Greek : Pathos Logus...
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Transcript of Introduction to Pathology Dr.H.Zahawi,FRC.Path. Study of Medicine & Disease Greek : Pathos Logus...
![Page 1: Introduction to Pathology Dr.H.Zahawi,FRC.Path. Study of Medicine & Disease Greek : Pathos Logus Pathology is the study of suffering Disease is Dis-ease.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e445503460f94b37edf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to PathologyDr.H.Zahawi,FRC.Path
![Page 2: Introduction to Pathology Dr.H.Zahawi,FRC.Path. Study of Medicine & Disease Greek : Pathos Logus Pathology is the study of suffering Disease is Dis-ease.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081513/56649e445503460f94b37edf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Study of Medicine & Disease
• Greek : Pathos Logus
• Pathology is the study of suffering
• Disease is Dis-ease
• Egyptian,Arabs, Greece, Rome, middle ages
• Scientific Revolution 16th.-17th.
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What is Pathology ?
• Study of disease by scientific methods• Individual’s reaction to injury & its effect on body• Effect recognized by structural &functional
changes PATHOPHYSIOLOGY• Result is either compensated , decompensated
or causes death .• Links basic science to clinical practice
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History of Pathology
Influence of magic or supernatural
Deficiency or excess body fluids Hippocrates ‘Father of Medicine’
Postmortems & gross pathology ( 300BC) Van Leeuwenhoek ‘microscope’ 17th.century Study of cells Rudolf Virchow ‘Father of Pathology’
Anisim
Humors
Morbid anatomy
Cellular path.
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Microscopes 17th.-19th.century
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Pathology in the 21st.century
• Many new techniques
Electron Microscopy
Genetics
• KNOW THE NORMAL BEFORE THE ABNORMAL
Subcellular
Molecular
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Branches of Pathology
• Anatomic pathology : Study of tissues or cells - Postmortem Examination ( autopsy ) - Forensic Pathology - Surgically removed specimens - Cytology of smears, Fine Needle Aspiration• Clinical pathology : - Clinical chemistry - Hematology - Microbiology - Immunology - Genetics
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How Pathology is taught• General pathology : studies mechanism & the
characteristics of principle types of disease processes e.g.
- cell injury
- inflammation
- neoplasia• Systemic pathology : studies specific diseases in
specific organ systems. e.g.
- lung abscess
- breast cancer
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Steps in study of diseases• Epidemiological aspects• Etiology: identifiable cause of disease - Intrinsic : genetic
- Extrinsic : acquired
- Idiopathic
• Pathogenesis : Sequence of events in the response of cells& tissues to the etiological agent, from the initial stimulus to the final expression of disease. This response can be studied morphologically, biochemical, immunologically or at molecular level.
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• Pathological & clinical features including biochemical tests, radiological findings
INTEGRATE ALL INFORMATION !!!!!
• Complications & sequelae : Events taken during the disease process that may impair full recovery
• Treatment
• Prognosis : A forecast as to the probable result of an attack of
disease and the prospect of recovery.
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To aid diagnosis , study morphology :
• Samples for study include cells, biopsy or whole
organ :
- Gross or macroscopic appearance
- Histological or microscopic appearance
- Electron microscopy or ultrastructure
• Genetic & molecular methods may aid diagnosis
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Sample case A 60 year old woman with a lump in the
neck of 6 months duration. Patient has fever & raised BMR ( ESR) On examination she also had enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. Further investigations were within normal
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• Biopsy was taken
i.e. tissue removed for microscopical exam
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Follicular Lymphoma
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• Genetic Studies :
Translocation t18: 14
• Treatment : Chemotherapy
• Prognosis : Good
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Opened uterus with leiomyomas
Gross Microscopy
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Gross ????
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Electron microscopy useful in some cases
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CONCLUSION :
• PATHOLOGY AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS& MANAGEMENT OF DISEASE PROCESSES
• PATHOLOGY IS THE BASES OF MEDICINE