Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

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Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers http://mango.e-cpe.org

description

Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers. http://mango.e-cpe.org. Microprocessor?. Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com. Micro-controller?. PIC. 8051, AVR. PSoC. MSP430. Where do they live?. Where do they live?. System Components. CPU. RAM. I/O. Storage. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Introduction to Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

Page 1: Introduction to  Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

Introduction to Microprocessors &

Microcontrollers

http://mango.e-cpe.org

Page 2: Introduction to  Microprocessors & Microcontrollers

Microprocessor?

Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com

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Micro-controller?

PIC 8051, AVR PSoC MSP430

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Where do they live?

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Where do they live?

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System Components

CPU

I/ORAM Storage

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System Components

CPU

I/ORAM Storage

CPU

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Performance

4 MIPS at 20 MHz

76383,  32MIPS at .

GHzRef: http://www.wikipedia.org

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Power Consumption

Ref: Microchip, Intel

130

Watts 015

Watts

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Price

Ref: Microchip, Sharkyextreme.com

1 ,500 - 35 ,000 Baht

- 25 1,000 Baht

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Right tool right job

Self contained Limited resources Used for a specific job Low power Low cost

Needs Chipsets Large Memory, fast

clock rates More general purpose Requires more power More expensive

Microcontroller Microprocessor

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What does the iPhone use?

Image – Apple Inc.

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I-Phone Internals

Image – Semiconductor insights

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Apple iPad

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Apple’s A4 Processor

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A4 Processor

CPU1 GHz

Memory Controller

RAM256 MBytes

Flash Memory64 GBytes

GraphicsProcessing

(1024x768)

I/OController

SensorPorts

A4 Chip

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Microcontroller (i.e. PIC16F887)

CPU20 MHz

Memory Controller

RAM368 Bytes

Flash Memory8 KBytes

GraphicsProcessing

I/OController

SensorPorts

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Mixed DesignSometimes called System on a Chip (SoC)

MCU MPU

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A Brief History x86 Processors

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Main Player

Santa Clara, California, USA

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Rival #1

Sunnyvale, California, USA

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Rival #2

Taipei, Taiwan

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Intel 4004 (1971)

4 Bits 0.74 MHz 2,300 Transistors

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4004 Application

Busicom* 141-PF Calculator

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Same computing power as the ENIAC

=

Intel 4004

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Intel 8086/8088

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Test Drive I : Runs well on a 8088 machine

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80x86

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The Pentium Era

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3.8GHz60MHz

65 nm0.25 um

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Intel’s mistake 2

Focus too much on Clock Speed

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Intel’s mistake 2

64 Bit CPU Not Backward

Compatible

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AMD’s Successful Athlon Processors

Better Performance per Watts

Backward Compatible 64 Bit System

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The return of Intel

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Multicore Era

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Current CPU Kings

Core™ i7-980X6 Cores, 3.33 GHz, 12 MB L2 Cache32 nm Process, 140Watts.US$999

AMD Phenom II X6 1090T6 Cores, 3.2 GHz, 6 MB L3 Cache45 nm Process, 125WattsUS$295

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AMD + ATI

+

GPUCPU

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Power per Watt: A new measure for CPU performance

Intel ATOM2-6.5W

AMD Bobcat1-10W(2011)

VIA Nano5-25W

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ATOM Processor’s Silicon

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Conclusions

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