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Introduction to JCM Methodologies

Akihisa Kuriyama

Researcher, Climate and Energy Area

Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

6 July, 2015@Szentendre, Hungary

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15 JCM methodologies have been approved Project type Host

country Title

Energy Efficiency (saving electricity consumption)

Indonesia

• Energy Saving by Introduction of High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller

• Installation of Energy-efficient Refrigerators Using Natural Refrigerant at Food Industry Cold Storage and Frozen Food Processing Plant

• Installation of a separate type fridge-freezer showcase by using natural refrigerant for grocery store to reduce air conditioning load inside the store

• Installation of LED Lighting for Grocery Store

• Installation of Inverter-Type Air Conditioning System for Cooling for Grocery Store

Mongolia • Installation of energy-saving transmission lines in the Mongolian Grid

Viet Nam • Improving the energy efficiency of commercial buildings by utilization

of high efficiency equipment • Introduction of Room Air Conditioners Equipped with Inverters

Renewable energy Palau, Maldives • Displacement of Grid and Captive Genset Electricity by Solar PV System

For detail, please see https://www.jcm.go.jp/

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15 JCM methodologies have been approved

Project type Host country Title

Energy Efficiency (saving fossil fuel combustion)

Mongolia • Replacement and Installation of High Efficiency Heat Only Boiler (HOB) for Hot Water Supply Systems

Viet Nam • Transportation energy efficiency activities by installing digital tachograph systems

Indonesia

• GHG emission reductions through optimization of boiler operation in Indonesia

• GHG emission reductions through optimization of refinery plant operation in Indonesia

• Power Generation by Waste Heat Recovery in Cement Industry

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Key elements of JCM methodology 1. Eligibility criteria

– Requirement for the project to be registered in the JCM.

– Requirement for the project to be able to apply the approved methodology.

2. Reference emissions – The reference emissions are calculated to be below business-as-usual

(BaU) emissions to ensure net emission reduction

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Approach to realize net emission reduction • Using conservative default values in parameters to calculate project

emissions instead of measuring actual values will lead calculated project emissions larger than actual project emissions.

BaU emissions

Calculated project emissions Actual project emissions

=> e.g. ID_AM001 Power Generation by Waste Heat Recovery in Cement Industry

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Approved methodology: Energy Saving by Introduction of High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller (1/3)

Introducing high efficiency centrifugal chiller for the factories etc., which is characterized by: Non ozone-depleting refrigerant, HFC 245fa COP more than 6.0 The existing old type chiller whose COP is approximately 5.0 is assumed to be used

continuously in general, except for the JCM project implementation, in order to avoid new investment on replacement/installation.

High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller

The COP of the chiller eligible under the methodology is higher than any of commercially available chillers in Indonesia, thus eligible as a JCM project

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• PEp: Project emissions during period p [tCO2/p]

• REp: Reference emissions during period p [tCO2/p]

• ECPJ,I,p: Power consumption of project chiller i during the period p [MWh/p]

• COPPJ,tc,i: COP of project chiller i calculated under the standardizing temperature conditions

• COPRE,i: COP of reference chiller i under the standardizing temperature conditions

• EFelc: CO 2 emission factor for consumed electricity [tCO 2 /MWh]

𝑅𝑅𝑝 = � 𝑅𝐸𝑃𝑃,𝑖,𝑝 × 𝐸𝐶𝐶𝑝,𝑡𝑡,𝑖/𝐸𝐶𝐶𝑅𝑅,𝑖 × 𝑅𝐸𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖

GHG emissions

Time

Reference emission = PE*(COPp,tc,i/COPRE,i)

Project emission

𝐶𝑅𝑝 = � 𝑅𝐸𝑃𝑃,𝑖,𝑝 × 𝑅𝐸𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖

𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑝 − 𝐶𝑅𝑝

JCM CDM Emission reduction Cal.

Reference emissions – project emissions

Baseline emissions – Project emissions

Difference between JCM and CDM

Approved methodology: Energy Saving by Introduction of High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller (2/3)

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Approved methodology: Energy Saving by Introduction of High Efficiency Centrifugal Chiller (3/3)

Emission reductions are calculated based on the difference between the amount of project power consumption and reference power consumption which is derived from the ratio of the project COP to the reference COP. The reference COP is conservatively set as a default value by taking maximum COP of

commercially available chillers in the certain cooling capacity .

Monitoring is simplified as only a single parameter is to be monitored: Power consumption of project chiller

Project emissions

Reference emissions

Likely range of BaU emissions

Maximum COP value in the respective cooling capacity range

The calculated emission reductions to be credited

The amount of emission reductions not to be credited, which ensures “net emission reductions”

Likely range of BaU COP

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Approved methodology: Power Generation by Waste Heat Recovery in Cement Industry (1/2)

The project utilizes waste heat from the cement production facility by waste heat recovery (WHR) system to generate electricity. Only 1 WHR system has been installed to 1 plant out of existing 25 plants in Indonesia.

Kiln

Clinker cooler

Suspension Pre-Heater

Power supplied to internal grid

Waste heat

Steam

Steam

SP Boiler

AQC Boiler

Power generation

Image of the technology

WHR system in cement industry is not a commonly installed technology in Indonesia, thus eligible as a JCM project

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Emission reductions are calculated based on the difference between the quantity of electricity supplied by the WHR system to the cement facility and the calculated maximum power consumption of the WHR system. The maximum power consumption of the WHR system is derived from the

total maximum rated capacity of equipment of the WHR system assuming their operation of 24h/day.

The calculated net electricity generation

Monitoring is simplified as only two parameters are to be monitored: The quantity of the electricity supplied from the WHR system to the cement

production facility The number of days during a monitoring period

Approved methodology: Power Generation by Waste Heat Recovery in Cement Industry (2/2)

Quantity of electricity supplied

Maximum power

consumption Actual power consumption

The amount of power generated but not to be credited, which ensures “net emission reductions”

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Methodology for High Efficiency HOB for Hot Water Supply Systems (1/2)

High efficient HOB (Heat Only Boiler) for hot water supply system: 80% or higher boiler efficiency (catalog value) feeding coal on the stoker uniformly dust collector equipped

Conventional HOBs High efficient HOBs

Efficiency of both reference HOBs and project HOBs are set as default value based upon actual measurement.

Produced by CARBOROBOT Co., Hungary

Produced by EKOEFEKT Co., Czech Republic

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Net emission reductions by setting default values as : Higher possible efficiency of reference HOBs Lower possible efficiency of project HOBs

Monitoring is simplified as only two parameters are to be monitored: Net heat quantity supplied by the project HOB Total hours of the project HOB operation during the monitoring period

Methodology for High Efficiency HOB for Hot Water Supply Systems (2/2)

Boiler Efficiencies

61%

53.3% Reference HOBs: 37.1-60% (measured) 35-63% (literature)

Project emissions

Reference emissions

BaU emissions

Credits

Net emission reductions

Project emissions (actual)

Project HOBs: 56.2-69.1% (measured) 75-85% (literature)

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Methodology for small-scale solar PV system at commercial facility in Small Island States (1/2)

Solar PV system to displace grid electricity and/or captive electricity using diesel fuel as power source Solar PV system certified with: Design qualifications (IEC 61215, IEC 61646 or IEC 62108) Safety qualification (IEC 61730-1 and IEC 61730-2)

The quantity of the electricity generated by the project solar PV system and irradiance are monitored for checking the operational status of the installed solar PV system

Net-metering

From the grid

From the solar PV system

Solar PV module Inverter

Grid

User (End point)

Power flow

DC AC

(1) Monitoring point

Solar PV system

Revenue meter

kWh

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The grid emission factor provided by this methodology; To ensure net emission reductions; Toeliminate burden to calculate emission factor by finding out field data; To avoid confusion as to which data vintage should be used when

calculating emission reductions; To be applicable in countries where necessary field data are not available; To have potential to be applied widely.

Methodology for small-scale solar PV system at commercial facility in Small Island States (2/2)

Project emissions = 0 tCO2

Reference emissions

BaU emissions

Credits

Net emission

reductions

BaU: Existing diesel generators 33-41% (power generation efficiency) 0.805-0.631 tCO2/MWh (emission factor)

Reference: Hypothetical state-of-the-art diesel generators: 49% (power generation efficiency) 0.533 tCO2/MWh (emission factor)

Project emissions are zero Reference emissions are calculated from [AC output of solar PV system

(monitored value)] X [emission factor (tCO2/MWh)] GHG emissions

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JCM Methodology provides monitoring Spreadsheet An approved methodology consists of an approved methodology document and a Monitoring Spread Sheet

Project participants needs to monitor only 2-3 parameters

JCM CDM Methodology provide a format and sheet for monitoring

Project participants develop a report or calculation sheet by themselves

Difference between JCM and CDM

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Summary • 15 methodologies has been approved. (Mongolia,

Indonesia, Viet Nam, Maldives and Palau) • JCM methodologies has the concept of reference

emissions that realize net emission reductions. • Setting default values and provide monitoring

spread sheet contribute to simplified methodologies, which would reduce burdens related to writing PDDs and monitoring data by project participants.