Introduction to Integrated Catchment Modelling · •Sewer network is typically combined system...

September 26, 2019 Juan Gutierrez Andres

Flood and water management in UK :Integrated Catchment Modelling in complex Urban Environments

Lessons learnt and UK and worldwide cases studies

© HR Wallingford 2019

Taiwan-UK Technology Exchange Event in Smart Water Management (London - 9th April 2019)

01/10/2019


Kaohsiung Water Forum: 28-30th April 2019

01/10/2019


Flooding in urban areas:a complex problem

Many potential sources of flooding

• River flooding

• Foul sewers

• Storm drainage

• Surface water

• Groundwater

• Failure of water retaining structure –

dam / reservoir, canal


2007 UK Floods: Review by Michael Pitt

UK Government Directives require that

utility companies and city authorities now

strictly control and manage their drainage

networks.


UK Water Quality Standards

Discharges from:

• Outfalls

• Overflows (CSOs)

1. Bathing Water Directive (overflow discharge frequency)

2. Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (sewage treatment for urban areas)

3. Shell Fish Directive (overflow discharge frequency)

4. Water Framework Directive (improving water quality of rivers, lakes, etc.)

1

1

1

2

2

3

4


The ability to simultaneously represent all flow paths

Requirement : To model “all sources” of flooding.

Solution : Fully Integrated Catchment Analysis.


Integrated Catchment Modelling (ICM)

The first software in the world to

successfully combine advanced

modelling requirements in a single

application with one simulation engine.

(Previously used separate programs)

Estuary

Surface runoff

Groundwater

Evaporation

Precipitation

Coast

Evaporation

Piped

drainage

systems

Rivers

Overland

flooding


Models inside of InfoWorks ICM

Hydrology

1D Rivers (non

prismatic)

1D Pipes (prismatic)

Overland flows

2D

2019/10/1

Water Quality

ICM LiveLID

Planning tool Flood forecasting tool


1D and 2D Modelling

10

1D engine for piped networks and river networks

2D engine for floodplain and above-ground systems (overland

flow) & non-1D flow around structures


2D

surface

1D

system

2D

surface


Integrated Catchment Model


•河道(River)

•桥(Bridget)

•水闸(gate)

•漫堤/溃堤造成的洪水(flooding due to overflow

and pipe breaching)

Example of 1D River Model


Example of 2D river model

Nistru upstream of Dubasari

◼ Detailed

representation of

complex flows in

floodplain

◼ Realistic interaction

between channel

and floodplain (i.e.

including

momentum)

Flow depth (m)


Flow depth (m)

PRELIMINARY

Outcome examples

Nistru downstream of Dubasari: flow depth for 2010 (no defence)

Full 2D model covering 3,900km2 :

◼ Integrated river and floodplain representation

◼ Includes fluvial section, delta and estuary down to the Black Sea

◼ Includes details down to 20m2


Example of a 2D sudden dam break

01/10/2019


Example of 2D water quality

01/10/2019


Example of LID in 2D


Thames Water

Overview of Thames Water

• In terms of customers, Thames Water is the largest water company in the UK.

• Includes London, Oxford, Reading, High Wycombe, Swindon…

• System divided up into a series of models

• Several models for London

• Other catchments as individual models

• Sewer network is typically combined system

Thames Water - InfoWorks ICM Models

• Very large models; upwards of 40000 nodes.

• Models simplified for use in real time systems

4th September 2019 Active System Management


Thames Water: London Models

4th September 2019 Active System Management


London Intercepting Sewers

05/02/16

Bazalgette’s

sewers still provide

the backbone of

the present system


The need for the project

• When designed, overflow events would have happened once or twice

a year. It now happens every week, on average.

• Key numbers

• 39 million: cubic metres of combined sewage discharged to tidal River

Thames in a typical year

• 50-60: CSO discharge event in a typical year

05/02/16


The Thames Tideway Tunnel

05/02/16

Length: 25 kilometres,

following the river

Gradient: Main tunnel

falls one metre every

789 metres

Total volume: 1.6 million

cubic

metres (include Lee

Tunnel); but

operationally 80% used

Internal diameter: main

tunnel 7.2/6.5 metres

Lee Tunnel


The Solution: London Tideway Improvements

05/02/16

Riverside

Long ReachMogden

Crossness

Sewage Works Upgrades – £700m

Lee Tunnel – £600m

Thames Tideway Tunnel – £4.2b

Beckton

3 part solution


Typical year:CSO compliance to UWWTD

Compliance test procedure (CTP):Dissolved oxygen standards compliance

Annual series (1970-2014+):Operating variability

Design storms:All of the above; plus 2-year to 30-year events

with various durations

Resilience to changing conditions:Population growth for change to dry weather flow

Land use modification for change to rainfall-runoff

Rainfall change for effects on rainfall-runoff

Temperature change for effects on dissolved oxygen levels

TTT Catchment models: Simulates how the ‘system’ reacts to rainfall producing runoff


Thames Water Live system- ICMLive


What is operational flood forecasting?什么是实时预测

Data

Prediction tools/实时预测系统

Operational forecasts/预测

Radar/雷达预测Telemetry/远传•Rain gauges/雨量计•Water levels/水位•Flow meters/流量计•Pump operation/水泵运行•Gate movements/阀门开度

InfoWorks ICM model 系统模型

Operational choices/预测


Shanghai pilot study

Yangpu District, Northern East Shanghai, 60 km2Ground level of 3.0～5.0m

Annual rainfall 1210 mm

Average 2 typhoon each year

26 rain gauges

25 drainage systems

11 manhole level monitor

SCADA system:

pump level, status, rain


Catchment model

Nodes = 13,616

Pipes = 14,120,

pipe length 360km,

pipe size 150～3000

Pumping station 27(139 pumps)

Subcatchments 3505

Maisha

Typhoon


Spatial TSDB: shanghai met forecast radar data(6h-72h);

Scalar TSDB: rain gauge, monitored level, pump status

Run interval: 3 h

Forecast period: 24h

Result export: level, flow, 2D depth

in operation since June,2017

ICMLive Model


Live Model data flow

Information

center

Radar rain

forecast

Flood depth

Shanghai Met

ICMLive Model

Telemetry

data/SCADA

Water authority

Flood risk system

Hazard warning system

Simulated level, flow,

flood depth

© HR Wallingford 2019Pushing the Boundaries with ICMLive - International examples of ICMLive 6 December 2018

Results dissemination


Shanghai Met Control Room

6 December 2018


Lessons learnt over the last 10 years

10 years ago we had separate models for:

• Pipe systems (1D)

• River systems (1D, sometimes 2D for small reaches)

• Overland flows & Flood plains (2D)

Modelling teams specialized in one single area

• Tools were driven the solution

• Lack of understanding of the other areas

• Difficult to have a general view

• Solutions were sometimes partial solutions

Complex urban areas

• There is a dynamic interaction between those systems (pipes, rivers, flood plains/overland flows)

• We (might) need a holistic approach to tackle problems

Possible solutions:

• Keep independent and feed back results from one to another.

• Coupled different tools so they can run together.

• Developed new tools that erase those boundaries and can work for all those traditional separate areas of expertise: Integrated Catchment Modelling (ICM)

01/10/2019

Not very efficient!

More efficient but still does not solve all the issues!

More flexible and efficient!


Integrated Modelling of large urban areas

Single tool to represent all the sources of flooding

• Holistic solution to flooding problems when needed.

• Flexibility to use the right tool for the right application.

• More efficient for modelling teams

Sophisticated tool to deal with large data sets

• User friendly-steep learning curve (complex does not necessarily means complicated).

• Import data efficiently

• Flag missing and suspicious data

• Fill gaps and cleanse data

Robust hydraulic engine

• Sensible run times (many simulation or long time series runs needed)

• Minimize instabilities

• Accurate

Powerful visualisation of all source of flooding results

• Graphical

• Map generation

• Statistical analysis

01/10/2019

29th April 2019

Thank you

Juan Gutierrez Andres

Introduction to Integrated Catchment Modelling · •Sewer network is typically combined system...

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