Carbon, Capture And Storage. Capture and Storage Not quite this simple:
Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage
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Transcript of Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage
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Barry Jones, General Manager – Asia Pacific, Global CCS Institute11 November 2013
INTRODUCTION TO CCS
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• About the Global CCS Institute
• Rationale for CCS
• Overview of CCS technology
• Current CCS projects
• Impediments to CCS
Overview
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The Global CCS Institute
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How the Institute is committed to the challenge
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Globally connected membership
INSTITUTE MEMBERSHIP NUMBERS AND LOCATIONSTOTAL 378
80 13682
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574
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Networking capability Expert support to Members / Projects
Comprehensive resources Best practice guidelines and toolkits
The Global CCS Institute – what we do
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Rationale for CCS
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CCS: A vital part of our low-carbon energy future
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CCS plays an important role in emission reductions
Energy-related CO2 emission reductions by technology
SOURCE: IEANOTE: Percentages represent share of cumulative emissions reductions to 2050. Percentages in brackets represent share of emissions reductions in the year 2050.
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Overview of CCS technology
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THE CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE PROCESS
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HOW CCS WORKSCapture: Overview of three major processes
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HOW CCS WORKSCapture: Post-combustion
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HOW CCS WORKSCapture: Oxyfuel-combustion
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HOW CCS WORKSCapture: Pre-combustion
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HOW CCS WORKSTransport overview
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HOW CCS WORKSStorage overview
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HOW CCS WORKSStorage – Geological
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HOW CCS WORKSBio-Energy with CCS (BECCS)
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HOW CCS WORKSBio-Energy with CCS (BECCS)
A large fraction of anthropogenic climate change resulting from CO2 emissions is irreversible on a multi-century to millennial time scale, except in the case of a large net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere over a sustained period
To achieve the RCP2.6 CO2 peak and decline the IMAGE integrated assessment model simulates widespread implementation of BECCS technology to achieve globally negative emissions after around 2080. RCP4.5 also assumes some use of BECCS to stabilise CO2 concentration by 2100.
…methods [such as BECCS] do not present an option for rapidly preventing climate change ... However, if implemented on large scales and for long enough, typically during at least a century, these methods could potentially make a contribution to slow-down the increase or even decrease atmospheric CO2
Quotes from recent IPCC AR5 WG1 report:
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Current CCS projects
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Achieving a low carbon future: A call to action for CCS
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The Global Status of CCS: 2013 – The key Institute publication
2013 edition: released 10 October
Comprehensive coverage on the state of CCS projects and technologies
Recommendations for moving forward based on experience
Project progress outlined since 2010
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CCS well understood and a reality
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Quest, Canada
TCM, Norway
Plant Barry, US
Boundary Dam, Canada
Progress is also obvious on the ground
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Important gains but project pipeline reduced
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Growing importance of China
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EOR continues to drive development
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Active projects are almost all industrial separation
12 operating large-scale CCS projects:
8 natural gas processing plants (Norway, Algeria, US, Brazil) 2 fertiliser plants (US) 1 synthetic natural gas plant (Canada) 1 hydrogen plant (US)
8 projects under construction:
2 electricity generation plants (US, Canada) 2 natural gas processing plants (Australia, Saudi Arabia) 1 hydrogen plant (Canada) 1 fertiliser plant (Canada) 1 ethanol plant (US) 1 oil refining/upgrading plant (Canada)
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Some power generation projects are in the pipeline
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Strengthen incentive mechanisms to support immediate demonstration
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Goals remain challenging
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Impediments to CCS
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Implement sustained policy support that includes long-term commitments to climate change mitigation and strong market–based mechanisms that ensure CCS is not disadvantaged
RECOMMENDATION 1
Need long term commitment on actions to mitigate climate change
CCS progress is currently below the pace required ��to make a significant contribution to climate change mitigation
In the Institute’s project survey 70 per cent of projects agreed that policy uncertainty was a major risk to their project
Pipeline of projects could then shrink further, placing climate change targets at risk
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Boost short-term support for the implementation of demonstration projects. This will require targeted financial support measures that enable first mover projects to progress faster through development planning into construction and provide necessary support during operations
RECOMMENDATION 2
Support needed for first mover projects
N�� eed robust projects to move through the development pipeline and commence construction
The value of CCS must be continually affirmed
CCS must not be disadvantaged in relation to other low-carbon technologies ��
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Implement measures to deal with the remaining critical regulatory uncertainties, such as long-term liabilities. This will involve learning from the efforts of jurisdictions within Australia, Canada, Europe and the US, where significant legal and regulatory issues have been, and continue to be, resolved
RECOMMENDATION 3
Dealing with regulatory uncertainties
Some important legal and regulatory progress
Despite this several issues persist�� Includes post-closure stewardship and cross-border
movement of CO2
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Continue strong funding support for CCS research and development activities and encourage collaborative approaches to knowledge sharing across the CCS community
RECOMMENDATION 4
Support R&D and collaboration
Much can be learnt from large pilot projects, especially in industries where no large-scale projects exist
These projects are crucial for reducing costs and strengthening investor and stakeholder confidence
Need to address gaps in iron and steel and cement
Globally collaborative R&D more cost effective
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Create a positive pathway for CCS demonstration by advancing plans for storage site selection
RECOMMENDATION 5
Planning for storage site selection
Storage screening is important but there is also a need to focus on maturing demonstration project storage sites
Storage site selection can take 5–10 years or more
Currently limited incentives for industry to undertake costly exploration programs
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encourage the efficient design and development of transportation infrastructure through shared hub opportunities to become ‘trunk lines’ for several carbon dioxide capture projects
RECOMMENDATION 6
Encourage shared infrastructure
Scale of infrastructure required for CCS to help meet climate change mitigation targets is great
‘Trunk lines’ that connect capture projects with storage formations could allow for:
lower entry barriers
optimal development of infrastructure
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Action needed
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Encouraging progress with 12 projects in operation
But we must deal with the decline in the project pipeline
Short term injection of support required to help demonstration projects proceed and to build confidence
Need to ensure that CCS can play its full part in climate change mitigation and in providing energy security
Above all action on long-term climate change mitigation commitments is key to the deployment of CCS
Time to act is now
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