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Technical Evaluation of Carbon Technical Evaluation of Carbon Capture Technologies forCapture Technologies for

Power Plants. Power Plants.

Presentation by Presentation by

Kenechukwu C. UgochukwuKenechukwu C. Ugochukwu

October 19October 19thth ,2009 ,2009

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION COCO2 2 emission from fossil fuel use has a negative emission from fossil fuel use has a negative

effect on the global environment (Global effect on the global environment (Global Warming)Warming)

An agreement was reached at the Kyoto Protocol An agreement was reached at the Kyoto Protocol to reduce COto reduce CO22 emission. emission.

Fossil fuel is the most readily available energy Fossil fuel is the most readily available energy source globallysource globally

To sustain the environment & growth of the UK To sustain the environment & growth of the UK energy industry, there is need for a system to energy industry, there is need for a system to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionreduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission

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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE To analyse various CCS technologies To analyse various CCS technologies

applicable in the United Kingdomapplicable in the United Kingdom

To execute a technical evaluation of a To execute a technical evaluation of a chosen CO2 capture technologychosen CO2 capture technology

To investigate if the application of the new To investigate if the application of the new technology will reduce CCS plant costtechnology will reduce CCS plant cost

Compare emission from CCS retrofit fossil Compare emission from CCS retrofit fossil fuel plant and Nuclear based power plantfuel plant and Nuclear based power plant

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CASE STUDYCASE STUDY An initial CCS retrofit design for a pulverised coal fired power An initial CCS retrofit design for a pulverised coal fired power

plant producing 400 MWe using Monoethanolamine (MEA) solventplant producing 400 MWe using Monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent Design is based on Post Combustion CCS technique with auxiliary Design is based on Post Combustion CCS technique with auxiliary

power supply (Singh et al, 2003)power supply (Singh et al, 2003)Economic Cost of the plant includes:Economic Cost of the plant includes:Capital cost: Annual Operating CostCapital cost: Annual Operating Cost

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PROJECT ANALYSISPROJECT ANALYSIS

The major techniques of CO2 capture

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PROJECT ANALYSISPROJECT ANALYSISCriteria set by the UK government to guide proposed CCS projects & technology:

Must be based on the post combustion technique

Must be applicable to a coal fired power plant

Must be commercially viable

zero CO2 emission target

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PROJECT ANALYSIS PROJECT ANALYSIS Technical Evaluation: Table showing evaluation of CCS technologiesTechnical Evaluation: Table showing evaluation of CCS technologies

From the above, it can be seen that Adsorption based technology is technically suitable for use in the UK and met the criteria set by the UK government for CCS.

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PROJECT ANALYSISPROJECT ANALYSIS Electric Swing Adsorption (ESA) usingElectric Swing Adsorption (ESA) using

Carbon Fiber Composite Molecular Sieve Carbon Fiber Composite Molecular Sieve (CFCMS):(CFCMS):

involves capturing CO2 with CFCMS & regenerating the involves capturing CO2 with CFCMS & regenerating the material by passing low voltage electric current through material by passing low voltage electric current through the adsorbent. (Judkins, R.R. and Burchell, T.D. ,Oak Ridge the adsorbent. (Judkins, R.R. and Burchell, T.D. ,Oak Ridge National Laboratory)National Laboratory)

Benefits include:Benefits include:

Robust & does not degenerate during use.Robust & does not degenerate during use.

Low energy consumption and fast compared to Pressure Low energy consumption and fast compared to Pressure Swing and Temperature Swing AdsorptionSwing and Temperature Swing Adsorption

Lower operational cost Lower operational cost

Easier energy and process controlEasier energy and process control

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PROJECT ANALYSISPROJECT ANALYSISApplication of ESA to the case study.Application of ESA to the case study.Applying the ESA and CFCMS technology to the case study will Applying the ESA and CFCMS technology to the case study will eliminate the following:eliminate the following:

Absorption Columns; Regeneration Columns: Replaced by the Absorption Columns; Regeneration Columns: Replaced by the ESA/ CFCMS columns.ESA/ CFCMS columns.

Auxiliary Power Units: The power station can generate enough Auxiliary Power Units: The power station can generate enough power to support the CCS plant. power to support the CCS plant.

MEA Based Plant DesignMEA Based Plant Design ESA Based Plant DesignESA Based Plant Design

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PROJECT ANALYSIS PROJECT ANALYSIS (Economic Evaluation)(Economic Evaluation)

Considering assumptions and formulae application, comparison and Considering assumptions and formulae application, comparison and analysis tables were developed. analysis tables were developed.

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RESULTSRESULTS The amine based CCS process is very prohibitive The amine based CCS process is very prohibitive

to build and operate based on the original designto build and operate based on the original design

By plant modification and application of the new By plant modification and application of the new ESA based process, the annual operating cost has ESA based process, the annual operating cost has been reduced by 78% and 90% CO2 emission been reduced by 78% and 90% CO2 emission can be achieved.can be achieved.

Application of this technique will make fossil fuel Application of this technique will make fossil fuel use as carbon low as renewables.use as carbon low as renewables.

CO2 capture cost per ton for ESA based process CO2 capture cost per ton for ESA based process is quite low (US$13/tCO2)is quite low (US$13/tCO2)

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AVERAGE CO2 EMMISION FROM AVERAGE CO2 EMMISION FROM COMMON PRIMARY FUEL SOURCECOMMON PRIMARY FUEL SOURCE

N/A

N/A

N/A

38.575.583.6

APPLICATION OF CCS (90%)

11-22

11-37

29-62

385755836

gCO/kWh

COAL

NUCLEAR

WIND

NATURAL GAS

BIOMASS

LIGNITE

PRIMARY FUEL(2005-2010)

Source: OECD Nuclear Energy AgencySource: OECD Nuclear Energy Agency

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION CCS application alone cannot solve the present CCS application alone cannot solve the present

energy gap. energy gap.

Cost & timescale of building new coal plant and Cost & timescale of building new coal plant and reopening the mines is very much and lengthyreopening the mines is very much and lengthy

Nuclear power generation can bridge the gap of Nuclear power generation can bridge the gap of meeting UK’s energy demand while still achieving meeting UK’s energy demand while still achieving the set targets of the Kyoto Protocolthe set targets of the Kyoto Protocol

Use of Nuclear Power Generation as base load for Use of Nuclear Power Generation as base load for UK’s energy needs can ensure security of supply UK’s energy needs can ensure security of supply on a long term basison a long term basis

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RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

The ESA based technology is more The ESA based technology is more economically viable than the MEA economically viable than the MEA based technology .based technology .

Further research into the field of ESA Further research into the field of ESA

technologytechnology

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

ANY ANY

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?