Introduction to Airport Design
Transcript of Introduction to Airport Design
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INTRODUCTION FOR AIRPORT
TERMINAL DESIGN
Airports considered the Gateway of every country, is one of themost neglected Infrastructure developmentsin the Philippines.
Airports measured as the reflection of the countrys economicand cultural background should have been part of the priority ofour Government in the Modernization program. I believed thatModernization as an Investment equals to our Countries growthand will achieve our aims in the campaign for tourism.
Having tag as having the most Worst Airport in the world mirrorsthe kind of people we are presenting to the other Nations. Beinghumiliated by outsider during my studies abroad on theconditions of our airports post a challenge to me in my interest inlearning more about Airports Design & its Services.
To All my future colleague, I am glad that We share the sameinterest of the Airport design through your thesis.
By: Ar. Willie Y. Chua aci,aia,usgbc,uap
AIRPORT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
BACKGROUNDS
Airport Terminal Designis a very complex in terms ofthe design procedures. Architects Skills and long fieldof experience in design are not the passport of beingable to Design an Airport terminal. Basic Principle andlong list of studies and requirements needed shall be
considered from outside the Terminal ( Ground or Air )
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THREE ELEMENTS OR PARTS OF AN
AIRPORT
Three important considerations that may affect thedesign process of a Terminal. These three elements
are inter-connected to each other and wil l dictatethe design limitation of the project.
AIRSPACE
AIRSIDE
LANDSIDE
AIRSIDE
The most secured part of an Airport and most highlyregulated . It is an area for aircraft movement and
operation.
Occupied 80% of the total land area of an Airport
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AIRSIDE
AIRSIDEDesign consideration:
Topographyverify the Landscape and thecommunity zoning of the area.
o Mountains and Volcano
o Existing roads and River
o Farm
o Environmentally / ECO protected area
AIRSIDE
Existing Infrastructure
O IndustrialFactories, Power plant, High TensionTower cable, Pipeline , Drainage & Sewage system.
o CommunityHospital, School, Residence, Military
camp, Commercial building
AIRSIDE
Airside are composed of the ff:
Runway
o The most important part of an Airport
o Must be oriented in the direction of a prevailing
wind.
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AIRSIDE
Taxiway
o This is the Connection between the Runway and
Apron, serves as the Taxi route / Aircraft roll ing for thedeparting and arriving aircraft to and from the Apron& Runway.
o A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting
runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and otherfacilities. They mostly have hard surface such asasphalt or concrete, although smaller airportssometimes use gravel or grass.
AIRSIDE
Apron
o Parking and staging area of Aircraft. Locatedadjacent to the Terminal building or Hangars
o serves for loading and un-loading for passengerand cargo
o circulation space for service vehicles and
equipment- cargo
- catering services
- fuel tank truck
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AIRSIDE
Other Infrastucture
This are the structures and Facilities that has a direct access tothe Runway.
o Control Tower
o Hangar
o Airline catering building
o Rescue & Fire fighting building
o Maintenance buildingo Cargo / Freight companies building
o General aviation Companies
o Flying schoolso Military camp
A S E R V I C E P R O V I D E D B Y G R O U N D - B A S E D C O N T R O L L E R S W H O D I R E C T
A I R C R A F T O N T H E G R O U N D A N D T H R O U G H C O N T R O L L E D A I R S P A C E , A N D C A NP R O V I D E A D V I S O R Y S E R V I C E S T O A I R C R A F T I N N O N - C O N T R O L L E D A I R S P A C E .
CONTROL TOWER
A H A N G A R I S A C L O S E D S T R U C T U R E T O H O L D A I R C R A F T O RS P A C E C R A F T I N P R O T E C T I V E S T O R A G E .
HANGAR
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LANDSIDE
o The part of an Airportfarthest from the Runway and
Aircraft movement.
o The boundary of which the security check andcustoms, passport control and other service facilities.
LANDSIDE
Landside may composed of the ff:
a. Airport Terminal
b. Airline Company Office buildings
c. Hotels
d. Convention Center
e. Bus or Transportation Terminal
f. Train Station
g. Parks and Re-creational facilities
h. Government Building ( Aviation agency )
i. Shopping mall
j. Others
AIRPORT TERMINAL
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AIRPORT TERMINAL
WHAT IS AN AIRPORT TERMINAL?
Is a building where passengers transfer between
ground and the facilities that allow them to board adisembark from Aircraft.
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION
OF AN AIRPORT
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN
AIRPORT
HUB
Serves as a transfer point of different airlines to getpassenger to their intended destination.
Serves as stop-over of a long haul flight of DifferentAirline for check-up, re-fueling and aircraft
maintenance.
Shopping Center and a Life style airport
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DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN
AIRPORT
POINT TO POINT
Airport that serves to a direct flight travel. This
Airport are usually use as a Home base for an airlinescompanies.
LOW COST
Is it also known as the secondary or alternative
airport, This type of airport is also known as the airportfor the masses.
Airport serves the Budget Airline companies.
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN
AIRPORT
MAIN GATEWAY
An Airport that serves as the main entry point to a
country by being the primary arrival and Departurepoint.
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN
AIRPORT
CHARTERED
This is a Mini Airport owned by private charteredcompanies for private chartered flight.
This type of Airport for Executive ( As we call it offersa VIP service enables a travelers to bypass the hassle
of a public airport and airline services.
LEISURE A Small Airport that primary users are Tourist andvacationers .
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN
AIRPORT
CARGO
Airport that is intended only for Cargo activities andmovement
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DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF AN
AIRPORT
FULL SERVICE
Practically the combination of al l the other Airports
DESIGN AND AGENCIES
INVOLVES IN DESIGN PROCESS
DESIGN AND AGENCIES INVOLVES IN
DESIGN PROCESS
National, Regional, Local Authorities that hasjurisdiction in the Project
Ex. DOTC, CAAP, Dept of Finance(if it is finance bythe Government), Mayor, Congressman, Senator,Secretaries and the President.
Control authorities
Ex. Customs, Immigration, Pol ice, Security agencies,Fire brigade
DESIGN AND AGENCIES INVOLVES IN
DESIGN PROCESS
Engineering group/ Consultants
Ex. Structural / Civil Engr/, Electrical Engr./ SanitaryEngineer Engr./Waste management Engr./Transportor Road Engr./Air trafficmanagement Engr./Communication and Electronic Engr./Economist /
Finance specialist / lawyers /Geologies and
geodetic.
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DESIGN AND AGENCIES INVOLVES IN
DESIGN PROCESS
Airport Operator ( The one will manage the Terminal )
Airline Companies
Pilot Community ( thru the Pilot association )
Concessionaire ( Commercial tenants )
Local Business group
Local Community group
Tourism group
People with Disability group
Ground Transportation group
Conservative and Environmental group
INVESTOR
LEGISLATION AND CODES
CONSIDERATION
LEGISLATION AND CODES
CONSIDERATION
Airport terminal design are bound with laws, guidelinesand coed which are important reference during designstage.
IATA International Aviation
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
CAAP Civil Aviation Association of the Philippines
Local -Building code Fire Code
All Engineering code Regional and Local regulation law ( ex. Zoning & Landuse )
Environmental legislation ( In many Countries )
Constitution
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN
AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN
AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN
There is no Ideal Shape, Design, Size, Character ,Architecture that are require when designing an
Airport terminal. Although there are laws andguideline to be follows concerning security,passenger traffic flows and etc.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN
AIRPORT TERMINAL DESIGN
Airport terminal design are influence by many factorsdepending the country we are in:
1. Climate
2. Soil Characteristic / Location/ Geography
3. Intended Function( Type of terminal )
4. Type of Aircraft to be serve
5. Culture
6. Politics
7. Fund
8. Business program/ target revenue
9. Availability of Construction Materials
PASSENGER TERMINAL
CONFIGURATION
PASSENGER TERMINAL
CONFIGURATION
SIMPLE TERMINAL
Ideal for Low-cost Terminal
Single level
Easy to build
Easy to expand
Short walking distance
Enough room for expansion Simple aircraft parking
No Bridge
Ex. Provincial Domestic Airport
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PASSENGER TERMINAL
CONFIGURATION
LINEAR TERMINAL
Fits on a thin sites
Usually- multi level
Easy to build
Easy to expand
Needs s Walkalator for walking/ Good Passenger
traffic flow
Enough room for Aircraft parking
With Bridge
PASSENGER TERMINAL
CONFIGURATION
TERMINAL WITH PIERS/FINGERS
Needs big space for site
Usually- multi level
Complicated to build
No room for Expansion
Need Walkalator for walking
Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation
With AirBridge
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PASSENGER TERMINAL
CONFIGURATION
TERMINAL WITH SATELLITES
Needs big space for site Usually- multi level
Complicated to build
No room for Expansion
Need Walkalator for walking / confusing passengertraffic flow
Need Transportation to move to the other satellite
Underground / Sky train
Service bus Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation
With AirBridge
PASSENGER TERMINAL
CONFIGURATION
TERMINAL WITH REMOTE PIERS & SATELLITE
Needs big space for site Usually- multi level
Complicated to build
No room for Expansion
Need Walkalator for walking / confusing passengertraffic flow
Need Transportation to move to the other satellite
Underground / Sky train
Service bus
Terminal with Satellite
Limit Aircraft parking & Circulation
With AirBridge
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TYPES OF PROCESSING
LEVEL DESIGN
4 TYPES OF PROCESSING LEVEL DESIGN
SINGLE LEVEL
Side by side arrival and Departure on a single level
Suitable for smaller Airport
Air bridge are not needed
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4 TYPES OF PROCESSING LEVEL DESIGN
SPLIT LEVEL
Side by side arrival and Departure with two level
same floor level for inbound & Outbound Concourse.
No need for elevated road since Kerbside (Departure & Arrival) activity take place at Groundlevel.
Escalator and Elevator should be provided
Air bridge are needed
Possible of Traffic congestion of inbound andoutbound passenger during peak hour
4 TYPES OF PROCESSING LEVEL DESIGN
TWO LEVEL
Side by side Arrival and Departure the floor level forthe Inbound Outbound Concourse.
Suitable for Big Airport
Air bridge are needed
Less Passenger traffic flow of both inbound and
outbound passenger at Concourse & Arrival hall ,How traffic at the Airside Interface
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4 TYPES OF PROCESSING LEVEL DESIGN
SEVERAL LEVEL
Multilevel floors with full segregation of all the arrival
and departure
Suitable for High Volume passengers and Servingwide body Aircraft
The most ideal design in terms of passengers
movement inside the Terminal
Expensive Design
Air bridge are needed
COMPONENTS OF
PASSENGER TERMINAL
THREE COMPONENTS OF
PASSENGER TERMINAL
DEPARTURE AREA
Kerbside
Loading and un-loading area for passengers
CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transportservice
Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking &
ets
Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp )
Service road and emergency access for Airportfacilities
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DEPARTURE AREA
Processing / Holding areas
Concourse / Service
o Flight information monitor
o Information and Security desk
o Waiting area ( Seating and Lounge )
o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway ,
Stairs & etc )
o Queuing area
o Toilets
o Prayer room
o Travel agencies counter
o Other services
DEPARTURE AREA
Airline ticketing
o Check-in counter
o Self check-in counter
o Drop bag
DEPARTURE AREA
Offices / Lounge
o Airport Administration Offices ( AirportOperator,Custom,Security,Immigration,Airline
offices,Tourism offices, Pilot and staff lounge
Retail
o Restaurant/ Coffee shops
o Shop
o Duty free tax store
DEPARTURE AREA
Security
o Security control doors & queuing area
o Outbound Immigration ( For International flight )
o Outbound Customs ( a separate Customs
monitoring group are assigned for outbound
baggages )
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DEPARTURE AREA
Airside Interface
Departure waiting lounge
o Seating area
o Kids play area
Airport Lounge
Departure gate
Retail store
Duty free tax store
ARRIVAL AREA
Kerbside
Loading and un-loading area for passengers using
CARS,TAXI,BUS,RAIL NETWORK and other transportservice
Public parking, Service parking, tourist bus parking &etc
o Car park building should be separated to theterminal for security purpose )
Pedestrian lane ( roads,Sidewalk & Ramp )
Service road and emergency access for Airportfacilities
ARRIVAL AREA
Arrival hall
Concourse / Serviceo Meeting and greeters area
o Flight information monitor
o Information and Security desk
o Service facilities ( Elevator, Escalator, Hallway ,
Stairs & etc
o Transportation Service countero Tourism area
o Hotels service desk
o Money changer
o Toilets
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ARRIVAL AREA
Retail
o Restaurant/ Coffee shops
o Shop
Inbound baggage Sorting and Reclaim area
o Baggage reclaim area
o Inbound Customs control
ARRIVAL AREA
Airside interface
Passenger Gates ( Airbridge / Stairs or Buses from
remote stand)
Inbound Immigration
Retail store
Queuing space
GENERAL FEATURE
GENERAL FEATURES
1. Baggage handling
2. Engineering ( Mechanical, Water & Plumbing ,
Electrical )
3. Control Tower
4. Apron Control building
5. Deliveries and Cargo Storage ( with Securitysystem)
6. Maintenance area
7. Emergency and Medical facilities
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