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JJ512

PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULIC

Introduction to Pneumatic

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The use of compressed air in order to generate force

that can produce mechanical movement.

Definition of Pneumatic

The history of Pneumatic

Pneuma means air or breathe and Aktik means

action/motion (pergerakan) - Greek/Yunani ancient words.In a simple sentence :

Pneumatics means the movement of air

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What is Pneumatic System?

Pneumatic system is;

A way to move, work or control movement using

compressed air in a pneumatic system throughpipes.

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Applications

Packaging

Feeding

Transfer of materials

Sorting

Stacking

Stamping and embossing

Clamping

Shifting

Positioning

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Pneumatic Robot.

Pneumatic System.

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Conveying

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ConveyorActuators used in

Pushing

Pneumatic System.

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Clamping

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Punching, bending and sofa testingActuators used in

Machining - Forming

Actuators used in

Testing and QualityControl

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Actuators used in Machining - Drilling

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Advantages and

Disadvantages of

Pneumatics

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Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

A Compressor Need Not Be in Continuous

Operation.

Compressed Air can be Stored in a Reservoir

and Removed as Required.

The Reservoir can be Transportable.

3. Storage

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Compressed Air is Relatively Insensitive to

Temperature Fluctuations.

This Ensures Reliable Operation, EvenUnder Extreme Conditions.

Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

4. Temperature

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There is Minimal Risk of Explosion or Fire.

No Expensive Protection Against Explosion

is Required.

Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

5. Explosion Proof

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Unlubricated Exhaust Air is Clean.

Any Unlubricated Air Does Not Cause

Contamination.

Useful in Food, Wood and Textile Industries.

Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

6. Cleanliness

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Operating Components are of Simple

Construction and Therefore Relatively

Inexpensive.

Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

7. Components

Compressed Air is a Very Fast Working Medium.

High Working Speeds Can be Obtained.

8. Speed

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Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

With Compressed Air Components, Speeds

and Forces are Infinitely Variable.

9. Adjustable

Pneumatic Tools and Operating Components

Can be Loaded to the Point of Stopping and

Therefore Overload Safe.

10. Overload Safe

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Compressed Air Requires Good

Preparation.

Dirt and Condensate Should Not be

Present.

Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

1. Preparation

It is Not Always Possible to Achieve

Uniform and Constant Piston Speeds

with Compressed Air.

2. Compressible

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The Exhaust Air is Loud.

The Problem is Largely Solved with

New Silencers.

Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

4. Noise Level

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Compressed Air is a Relatively

Expensive Means of Conveying

Power.

The High Energy Costs are PartiallyCompensated by Inexpensive

Components and Higher Performance.

Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

5. Costs

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In a pneumatic system there are 2 main things that can

be controlled:-

1) Pressure (the force generated at the cylinder)

2) Flow rate (the speed of the cylinder)

Basic Measurement Unit

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UNITS

PRESSURE

is a FORCE

acting on an AREA

Basic Measurement Unit

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UNITS

PRESSURE = FORCE

AREA

BAR p s i Pascal

1 BAR = psi14. 5 =KPascal100

1 Pascal = 1 Newton

1 metre 2

Pressure

The units most widely used are.

Pressure : bar/pound per square inch (psi) /Pascal (Pa)

(1 bar = 14.5 psi = 105/100,000 Pa/100kPa)

Basic Measurement Unit

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Pneumatic System Flow

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Pneumatic elements

Energy supply

Input elements

Processing element

Final control element

Actuating devices

compressor

receiver/air reservoir/air tank

service unit

sensors

pushbutton

limit switches

directional control valve

logic elements

directional control valve

cylinders

1

2

3

4

5

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Compressed Air Preparation

Design of an air generation plant

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Compressed Air Supply

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Atmospheric Air Details Air Quality Standard

Compressor Piston, Vane, ScrewEnergy Supply

Electric MotorDiesel or Petrol Engine Storage Receiver

Filter

Drying Absorption, Refrigeration, Adsorption

Distribution Air distribution system

Service unit Filter, Regulator, Lubricator

Plant

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AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION

DIRT

OIL

WATER

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Contamination can resulted in:

Dirty contaminated air in the system.

Causing pipework contamination &

damage. Blocking valves and machinery.

Problems

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to be continued