INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION

Prepared by:Engr. Irfan Ahmed

What is Environment?

Environment includes all theconditions, circumstances andinfluences surrounding andaffecting the total organizationor any of its parts.

Environment is surroundingatmosphere/ condition forexistence“."Environment is an essentialnatural process or an outcome ofoccurrence“."Environment is of two types, oneis negative and the other ispositive”.

Environmental Segments

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

Biosphere

Lithosphere

The cover of rock

constituting the earth’s

crust is called

“Lithosphere”.

Soil and Rocks are the

important part of

lithosphere.

Hydroshpere

It includes all the surface

and groundwater

resources e.g. Oceans,

Seas, rivers, streams,

Lakes, reservoirs, dams,

Glaciers, polar ice caps

and groundwater.

Atmosphere

The atmosphere

comprises of mixture

of gases: Nitrogen,

Oxygen, hydrogen etc.

It extends up to 500

kms, above the

surface of earth.

Biosphere

This is region of the

Earth where life exits.

It extending from about

10 kms below the sea

levels 6 kms above

the sea levels.

What is pollution?

Introduction of pollutantsinto the environment whichdeteriorate the nature andharm living resources andecosystems therebyendangering human health.

TYPES OF POLLUTION

1.Air Pollution

2.Water Pollution

3.Solid Waste Pollution

4.Soil Pollution

5.Noise Pollution

6.Radio active Pollution

AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

SOLID WASTE POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Origin of the word…”ecology”

Greek origin

OIKOS = household

LOGOS = study of…

Study of the “house/environment” in which we live.

Ecology

Ecology is study of interactions between

non-living components in the environment…◦ light

◦ water

◦ wind

◦ nutrients in soil

◦ heat

◦ solar radiation

◦ atmosphere, etc.

AND…

Living organisms…◦ Plants

◦ Animals

◦ microorganisms in soil, etc.

To study Ecology involves…

For non-living (abiotic)◦ Climatology◦ Hydrology◦ Oceanography◦ Geology◦ soil analysis, etc.

For living (biotic) animal behavior

etc.

AbioticBiotic

What is an ecosystem?

System = regularly interacting and interdependent components forming a unified whole

Ecosystem = an ecological system;= a community and its physical environment treated together as a functional system

Ecosystems:Fundamental Characteristics

Structure:◦ Living (biotic)◦ Nonliving (abiotic)

Process:◦ Energy flow◦ Cycling of matter ◦ (chemicals)

Change:◦ Dynamic (not static)◦ Succession, etc.

Abiotic components:

ABIOTIC components: Solar energy provides practically all the

energy for ecosystems. Inorganic substances, e.g., sulfur, boron,

tend to cycle through ecosystems. Organic compounds, such as proteins,

carbohydrates, lipids, and other complexmolecules, form a link between biotic andabiotic components of the system.

Thank You