Environment Pollution and Control 2

7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2

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Solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous, unwanted

or residual materials (not including hazardous or

biodegradable wastes) from an industrial

operation.

Composed of chemicals dumped in sites

that are not managed.

Not have the correct control method.

Liquid substance thrown by methodslandfill with soil.

The material is often found polychlorinated biphenol

(PCB),benzene etc


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AFFECT &cause


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b) Municipal landfill.

commonly known as trash or garbage.

is a combination of all of a city's solid and semisolid waste.

It includes mainly household or domestic waste, but it can also

contain commercial and industrial waste with the exception of

industrial hazardous waste (waste from industrial practices that

causes a threat to human or environmental health).

Industrial hazardous waste is excluded from municipal waste

because it is typically dealt with separately based on environmental

regulations.


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WASTE THAT ISBIODEGRADABLE.

RECYCLABLEMATERIALS.

INERT

WASTE.

COMPOSITEWASTE.

HOUSEHOLDHAZARDOUSWASTE.


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t

here are a number of different ways in which cities dispose of their waste.

most well known, are dumps.

These are open holes in the ground where trash is disposed of and has little

environmental regulations.

These are areas that are specially created so waste can be put into the

ground with little or no harm to the natural environment through pollution.

landfills are engineered to protect the environment and prevent pollutants

from entering the soil and possibly polluting ground water in one of two ways :

a) clay liner .

b) a municipal solid waste landfill.

Once trash is put into these landfills, it is compacted until the areas is full,

at which time the trash is buried.


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This is done to prevent the trash from contacting the environment but also

to keep it dry and out of contact with air so it will not quickly decompose.

About 55% of the waste generated in the United States goes to landfills while

around 90% of waste created in the United Kingdom is disposed in this manner.

waste can also be disposed using waste combustors.

involves the burning of municipal waste at extremely high temperatures toreduce waste volume, control bacteria, and sometimes generate electricity.

Air pollution from the combustion is sometimes a concern with this type of

waste disposal but governments have regulations to reduce pollution.

transfer stations are the third type of municipal waste disposal currently in

use.

facilities that where municipal waste is unloaded and sorted to remove

recyclables and hazardous materials.


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c) Saltwater intrusions.

Salt water intrusion occurs in coastal freshwater aquifers when the

different densities of both the saltwater and freshwater allow the ocean

water to intrude into the freshwater aquifer.

These areas are usually supporting large populations where the

demanding groundwater withdrawals from these aquifers is

exceeding the recharge rate.

Figure 2 gives a rough illustration of what an overdrawn aquifermay look like.

This can cause lateral and vertical intrusion of the surrounding

saltwater, and evidence of saltwater intrusion has been found

throughout the eastern seaboard of the U.S. (USGS, 2007).


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The encroaching seawater will encounter an area known as the zone

of dispersion, where the freshwater and saltwater mix and form an

interface, as illustrated in Figure 3.

This interface moves back and forth naturally because of

fluctuations in the recharge rate of freshwater back into thesecoastal aquifers (Ranjan, 2007).

Aquifers are naturally replenished by precipitation and surface

waters that saturate into the ground and work their way through

the soil and geologic material to the water table.


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Pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and animal

waste are agricultural sources of

groundwater contamination.

The agricultural contamination sources are

varied and numerous: spillage of fertilizers

and pesticides during handling, runoff from

the loading and washing of pesticide sprayers

or other application equipments.


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Contamination may also occur when

chemicals are stored in uncovered areas,unprotected from wind and rain, or are

stored in locations where the groundwater

flows from the direction of the chemical

storage to the well.


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Sewage water will be treated in septic tanks for

some time. Suspended material settles to the

bottom of the tank and the pump out whenaffecting the efficiency of the tank. The material

can be processed into fertilizer or soil

improvement material.

DOMESTIC WASTE


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Water from the tank through aperforated pipe system that would cause

this water into the ground. If the septic

tank is not working good bacteria and

viruses from water discharge will

contaminate well water.

Other substances found in wastewaterare detergents, nitrate and chloride.


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PETROLEUM WASTE AND

MINING


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1. sustainability of the marine ecosystem and the

economy of a country.

2. Waste oil will be poison to the sensitive marine

environment and coastal organic substrate.

3. Wildlife other than fish such as mammals, reptiles,

amphibians and birds that live near the ocean will also

suffer from poisoning caused by oil spills.

4. The oil forms a layer on the surface of sea water will

stop, light and oxygen gas to enter the sea.


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management of tailings is an intrinsically

risky activity, often involving residualprocessing chemicals and elevated levels of

metals.

waste disposal facilities and resulting loss

of land productivity, effects on ecosystems,

dust and erosion.


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Environment Pollution and Control 2

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