1. Interpersonal Skills for Managers Psychology in Business
Classes 1
Karol Wolski

2. Psychology?
Is psychology about:
Soul?
Spirit?
Subconscious
Mentallife/mental processes ?
Behavior?
3. Psychology contemporary definition
Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes
4. The Trilogy of Mind (Hilgard, 1980)Whataremental processes?
Cognition
Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes
Emotion
Affect, moods, feelings
Motivation
Goals, desires, needs, purposes
5. Psychology and behavior
6. Example: Person commits a crime
Cognitiveexplanation (in terms of beliefs, knowledge)
He believed he was right, believed that he was doing something for humankind
Emotionalexplanation (in terms of feelings, moods)
He feltangry and depressed
Motivationalexplanation (in terms of goals, desires)
He wantedto take revenge
7. Mainaimsof psychology
Describing the behavior
Explaining the behavior
Predicting the future behavior
Controlling the future behavior
Improving the quality of life
8. Scope of psychology
Basic processes
How our mind works
Development
Origins of mind
Individual differences
Specific, individual organization of mental processes
Pathology
Disorders of our mental life
Applications
Workplace, education
9. Main approaches incontemporary psychology
10. Biologicalapproach
Istrying to understandhowbehaviorisshaped by ourbiology
11. Biological approach
4 mainassumtions:
Psychological and social phenomena can be explained in terms of biochemicalprocesses
complex phenomena can be understood by reducingthemto a simple issues (Reductionism)
Behaviors (actual and possible) aredetermined by anatomicalstructures and physiological processeswhicharedetermined by genes
Bahavior and experiencecanmodifybiologicalstructures and processes (biofeedback)
12. Example of Biological approach in research
13. Psychodinamicapproach
Human behavior, experience and cognition are largely determined by irrational drives;
Those drives are largely unconscious;
Attempts to bring those drives into awareness meets defense (resistance) in many different forms;
Beside the inherited constitution of personality, one's development is determined by events in early childhood;
14. Psychodinamicapproach
Conflicts between conscious view of reality and unconscious (repressed) material can result in mental disturbances such as neurosis, neurotic traits, anxiety
the liberation from the effects of the unconscious material is achieved through bringing this material into the consciousness.
Sigmund Freud
15. Behavioristic approach
Behavioristicpsychologyisinterestedonly in behavior
Behaviorisabsolutelydetermined by enviroment
People are not goodorbad, theyreact to the environment
Behaviorcan be changed by manipulating the enviroment
Stimulus->Reaction (S-R) -> Consequences
16. Behavioristic approach
17. Cognitiveapproach
Cognitive psychology is the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.
It explicitly acknowledges the existence of internal mental states (such as belief, desire, idea, knowledge and motivation).
S->IMS -> R
Stimulus -> Internalmental states/ mental representation -> Response
18. Cognitiveapproach example Stroop effect
19. Cognitiveapproach example Social learning theory
20. Cognitiveapproach SocialCognitiveTheory
Reciprocal determinism
21. Humanisticapproach
Assumptions
Humansareactivecreatures
People are good by nature
Peopleareable to makeautonomousdecisions
The main task of human beings is to increase and develop their potential.
22. Humanisticapproach
Holistic approach vsReductionism
Humanistic psychology is trying to understand human beings as a holistic existence
True understanding of human beings is impossible throughReductionism
True understanding requires the integration of body, psyche and behavior of individuals with social factors
23. Humanisticapproach - Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs