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Internetworking

Prof. Ir. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD

Direktur Komunikasi & Sistem Informasi IPB

Bogor, 05 Mei 2013

What is Internetworking?

• Internetworking : suatu bentuk hubungan, kerjasama atau kemitraan yang mendayagunakan TI (teknologi informasi) berbasis jaringan (internet, intranet, ekstranet)

• Trend: menuju pada Internetworked Enterprises (B-to-B, B-to-C, G-to-G, G-to-B, G-to-C)

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Globalization

Technology

Efficient

Global

Markets

Global Business

Operation and Alliances

The Networked Global

Corporation

Drives of Change

Competitive Environment

Competitive Response Implementation

How Information Technology Support The Globalization of

Business?

Shift of Paradigm in Business: Towards Electronic Data

Interchange (EDI)

E-Mail

LAN/

WAN

Video

Conference

Fax Voice

mail

Pagers

Cable-

Television

Phone/

Celullar

Merging of Computing

& Communications

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Businesses’ Trend

• Becoming internetworked enterprises

• Supported by computer networks to

allow fast & accurate data exchange

and expansion of business scale with

better coordination, and cooperation

• Widely distributed enterprises

connected via MAN, WAN, LAN

Business Telecommunications

Telecommunications: sending of information

(voice, data, text, and images) from place to

another.

Telecommunications Networkssupported by

Electronic

Commerce

Systems

Enterprise

Collaboration

Systems

Internal

Business

Systems

include

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Electronic Collaboration

Systems

• E-Mail

• Voice Mail

• Discussions Forums

• Data Conferencing

• Voice Conferencing

• Video Conferencing

• Electronic Meeting

Electronic Commerce Systems

• On-Line POS (Point of Sale)

• Web Retailing & Wholesaling

• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)

• E-Funds Transfer

• E-Banking

• Interactive Marketing

• Supply Chain Management

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Internal Business Systems

• Internal Transaction Processing

• Inquiry Processing

• Intranet Web Publishing

• Workflow Systems

• Activity Monitoring

• Process Control

• Management Support Systems

Trend of Telecommunication

Technology

Toward the use of the Internet and other open

and interconnected local & global digital

networks for multimedia with heavy use of

high speed fiber optic lines and satellite

channels to form a global information

superhighway system.

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Information Superhighway

An advanced high speed Internet-like

network that connects individual

households, businesses, government

agencies, libraries, schools, universities,

and other institutions with interactive

voice, video, data and multimedia

communications.

ISDN (Integrated Services

Digital Network)

A network that provides integrated

services of data exchange in various

forms: voice, video, data, images, and

multimedia communications.

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Business Value of

Internetworking

• Overcome geographic barriers

• Overcome time barriers

• Overcome cost barriers

• Overcome structural barriers

Jejaring Komputer (Computer

Network)

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Computer Network

Computer Network

Physical Radius

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Metropolitan Area Network

(MAN)

Scope of Users

Intra-Net Extra-Net Inter-net

Layered System View

Intranet

Extranet

Internet

Corporate members

Clients, partners, customers

Global society: competitors

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What is Internet?

• a worldwide system of computer networks

• a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining

facility accessible to hundreds of millions of

people worldwide

• use a set of protocols called Transmission

Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

What is Intranet?

• Networks connecting an affiliated set of

clients

• Using standard Internet Protocols,

especially TCP/IP and HTTP, and some

FTP

• IP-based network of nodes behind a set of

firewalls

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• part of a company's intranet that is extended to

users outside the company

• securely share part of a business's information

or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners,

customers, or other businesses

What is Extranet?

How Does Intranet Work?

• Via LAN (Local Area Network)

• Via WAN (Wide Area Network)

• Via MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

which rely on ISDN (Integrated Services of

Digital Network)

Establish an internal network

When TCP/IP protocols are set up, web servers &

browsers can be installed to give access to the Intranet.

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FASILITAS INTERNET

• E-mail: person-to-person messaging

• Telnet: logon on into a remote computer (remote login)

• Chatting: interactive conversations

• WWW (World Wide Web): retrieve, format, & display information (text, audio, graphics, video) using hypertext links

• BBS (Bulletin Board System): discussion groups

• Archive: search database of documents, software

• WAIS: Locate files in databases using keywords

What Tools are in Intranet?

• A decision-making tool

• A complete communication tool

• An expert’s tool

• A customer tool

• A human resource tool

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Benefits of Intranet

• Cost-effective communication in corporate

• Fostering actual/real interaction of knowledge

• Providing more flexibility in human’s abilities to do jobs

• Promoting secure system of access & interaction

• Becoming corporate communication tools

Corporate can use Extranet for• Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange

(EDI) or XML

• Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the trade"

• Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts

• Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies

• Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks

Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies

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Security for Intra- & Extra-net

• require firewall server management, the

issuance and use of digital certificates or

similar means of user authentication,

encryption of messages, and the use of

virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel

through the public network.

Customer Relationship

Management (CRM)

• an information industry term for methodologies, software, and usually Internet capabilities that help an enterprise manage customer relationships in an organized and efficient manner

• an enterprise builds a database that describes relationships in sufficient detail so that management, salespeople, and customer service reps can access information; match customer needs with product plans and offerings; remind customers of service requirements; know what other products a customer had purchased; etc.

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Supply chain management (SCM)

• the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer

• involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies

• ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed)

• Related to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 28

Internetworking for Strategic

Advantage

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5/8/2013 Kudang B. Seminar 29

Fundamentals of Strategic

Advantage• An enterprise must survive in the globally

competitive era

• Internetworking can change the way businesses compete

• Internetworking is designed & implemented as vital competitive networks that help an enterprise achieve its strategic objectives

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Information Systems as a

Strategic Resource

Competitive Marketplace

Company AInternally

Strategic

Company B

Inter-Firm

Strategic

Focus

“Alliance”

Externally

Strategic

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Chapter 2 Competing with Information Technology 31

Competitive Forces and Strategies

Competitive Forces

• Rivalry of competitors within its industry

• Threats of new entrants,

• Threats of substitutes,

• The bargaining power of customers, and

• The bargaining power of suppliers

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Competitive Strategies

• Cost Leadership Strategy

• Differentiation Strategy

• Innovation Strategy

• Growth Strategies

• Alliance Strategies

Cost Leadership Strategy

• Become a low cost producer of products

and services

• Find ways to help suppliers or customers

reduce their costs

• Increase the costs of competitors.

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Differentiation Strategy

• Develop ways to differentiate products and

services from competitors.

• Reduce the differentiation advantages of

competitors.

Innovation Strategy

• Develop new products & services

• Enter new markets or marketing segments

• Establish new business alliances

• Find new ways of producing

products/services

• Find new ways of distributing

products/services

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Growth Strategies

• Significantly expand the company’s

capacity to produce goods and services

• Expand into global markets

• Diversify into new products and services

• Integrate into related products and services.

Alliance Strategies

• Establish new business linkages and

alliances with customers, suppliers,

competitors, consultants and other

companies (mergers, acquisitions, joint

ventures, forming virtual companies, etc.).

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Using the Inter-, Intra-, Extra-net

Strategically

• Cost and Efficiency Improvements

• Performance Improvement in Business Effectiveness

• Global Market Penetration

• Product and Service Transformation

• System Security

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Internetworking in Global

Management

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Towards a Global Company

Geographic Concept Business Concept

Centralization/Decentralization Any Place

Mechanistic Holistic

Isolationism Low Boundaries

Not Invented Here Network of Trust

Geographic Presence Cultural Fit

Central Controllers Core Connectors

Replication of Resources Economic of Scales

Stove Pipe Connection Great Network

Communications

Short Term View Long Term View

Today Global

Global IT Management

Cultural, Political, Geo-economic challenges

Business/IT

StrategiesApplication

Portfolios

Technology

Platforms

Data

ManagementSystems

Development

Visi & Misi Enterprise:Become a Global Company

A global company is a business that is driven by a global

strategy which enables to plan and treat all its activities

in the context of a whole-world system, and therefore

serve its local and global customers with excellence.

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Business Drivers for Global IT

• Global customer

• Global products

• Global operations

• Global resources

• Global collaboration

Global IT Platforms

• Internet or Internet-Like

• High computing systems

• Cyber & International Laws

• Information/Data Encryption & Decryption

• Open Systems

• GDSS