International Organizations and Groups

Chapter # 6

United Nations Organization

• Established 26th June 1945

• Aim: maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social and cultural and humanitarian problems

• Structure: 6 principal organs1.General assembly2.Secretariat3.Security council4.Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)(54

members)5.Trusteeship council6.International court of Justice (15 judges)

1. General assembly:• (192 state members)• composed of representatives of all Member

States• main deliberative organ

2. SecretariatCarries day to day work of organizationSurveys and preparing studies, administrating

peacekeeping activities

3. Security council(5 permanent and 10 non)Permanent: USA, UK, China, France, RussiaMaintenance of international peace and security

4. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)(54 members)Coordinate economic and social activities

5. Trusteeship councilTo provide international supervision for 11 Trust

Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States

to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence

1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence

International Court of Justice

• World court• Established in 1946• Aim: primary judicial organ of UN. functions

are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions

• Members: 15 judges

• President of General Assembly: Dr Aliabdussalam Treki (Lebanon)

• Secretary General: Ben ki-moon (South Korea)

World Bank

• Financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world– International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (IBRD)– International Development Association (IDA).

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

• Established in 1944• Also known as world bank• Aim: Finance the reconstruction of nations

devastated by World War II. Now promote economic development loans.

• Members 184

International Development Association (IDA)

• Established in 1960• Providing interest-free credits and grants for

programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities and improve living conditions.

International Labor

Organization

• Established in 1919• Agency of UN• Headquarters:

Switzerland• Deal with labor issues

International Monetary Fund

• Established in 27th Dec: 1945• Special agency of UN• Members 184• Aim: to promote world monetary stability and

economic development

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

• Established in 1964• Develop friendly integrations of developing

countries• Forum for discussions

International Atomic Energy Agency

• Established in 1956• Members: 137• Aim to promote peaceful use of atomic energy

and inhibits military use.• The IAEA and its former Director General,

Mohamed ElBaradei, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize that was awarded on October 7, 2005.

United Nations Development Program

• To help people build a better life– Democratic Governance – Poverty Reduction – Crisis Prevention and Recovery – Environment and Energy – HIV/AIDS

World Food Program

• Established 1961– Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies – Prepare for emergencies – Restore and rebuild lives after emergencies – Reduce chronic hunger and under nutrition

everywhere – Strengthen the capacity of countries to reduce

hunger

United Nations Institute of Training and Research

• Established 1961• Training for capacity development in the fields

of Environment; Peace, Security and Diplomacy; and Governance.

International Fund for Agricultural Development

• 1977• Improved agricultural technologies and

effective production services • To empower poor rural women and men in

developing countries to achieve higher incomes and improved food security

World Health Organization

• 1946• Providing leadership on global health matters• Providing technical support to countries and

monitoring and assessing health trends.

Developed Countries

• Have a high level of development

• Citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment.

• Advanced economies

Developing countries

• Less advance then developed countries• Higher standard of living then less developed

countries

Least Developed Countries LDC

• Show lowest indicator of economic development– Low income – Human resource

weakness– Economic instability

European Union

• Established in 7th February 1992• Members: 17• Aim: coordinate policies among members in

economics, building European Economic Community, and to establish common market and currency.

African Union

• Established on 9 July 2002• Members states: 53• in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.• President: Bingu wa Mutharika • Objective:• To achieve greater unity and solidarity

between the African countries and the peoples of Africa;

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

• ASEAN• Established in 8th August 1967• Member 11• Its aims include the acceleration of economic

growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, the protection of the peace and stability of the region.

Arab Cooperation Council

• Estabkusged 16th February 1989• The ACC was created partly in response to the

four countries being left out of the Gulf Cooperation Council

• North Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt.

Gulf Cooperation Council

• Also known as Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

• Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman

• Established in 1981

• Coordination, integration and inter-connection between Member States

• Encouraging cooperation of the private sector; • Strengthening ties between their peoples; and • Encouraging cooperation of the private sector

League of Arab States

• Regional organization of Arab states in North and Northeast Africa, and Southwest Asia

• Established March 22, 1945 • Members: 22• To safeguard their independence and

sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries.

• mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties

North American Free Trade Agreement

• Members: USA, Canada, and Mexico

• Trade bloc in north America• January 1994• Eliminate trade barriers• Promote fair competition• Create procedure to settle

disputes

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Intergovernmental Military Alliance• Based on North Atlantic Treaty which was signed

on 4 April 1949.• Headquarters: Brussels (Belgium)• Members: 28 states• Member states agree to mutual defense in

response to an attack by any external party.• Organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out

• Also known as Commonwealth of Nations• Established in 31 December 1931• Headquarters: Marlborough House, London,

United Kingdom• 54 independent states• Head: Queen Elizabeth II• Aim of international understanding and world

peace

Commonwealth of Independent states

• Regional organization• Established 1991• Members : former Soviet Union countries

(10), one participating and other is Russia• Headquarters: Moscow• Aim: to coordinate inter-commonwealth

relations.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

• Established in 1960• Aim: coordinate petroleum policies• Members: 11 Muslim countries• Determination of the best means for

safeguarding the cartel's interests, individually and collectively

Asian Development Bank

• Established 19th December 1966• Aim: reduce poverty and improve the quality

of life of their citizens.• Regional members: 44• Non-regional: 18

African Development Bank

• Established in 1964• Headquarters Abidjan• Mission To contribute to the sustainable

economic development and social progress of its regional members, individually and jointly

Islamic Development Bank

• Established in 1974• Members 54 and Philistine Liberal

organization• Aim: to promote Islamic economic aid and

social development• provides interest-free loans • providing financial assistance to member

countries in other forms for economic and social development

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

• APEC• objective is to enhance economic growth and

prosperity in the region and to strengthen the Asia-Pacific community

• Member 21• Established 1989• Chair: Japan

Economics Cooperation Organization

• Members: seven Asian and Three European countries

• Platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade, and investment opportunities

• Headquarters: Tehran• Established 1985

European Free Trade Association

• Established in 1960• Aim: to promote expansion of free trade• Members: Iceland, Liechtenstein,

Norway, Switzerland G77

G77

• Collation of developing countries• Established 15th June 1964• Designed to promote economic interest of

members and enhance negotiating capacity to the United Nations

• Expended 133 members• Chairmanship: Yemen

G8

• Initially known as “Group of Six”• Created by France 1975• Members 8: Canada, France, UK, USA,

Germany, Italy, Japan and now Russia (1997)• Annual Meeting of Head of Government• Aim: to discuss and coordinate major

economic policies

G7

• Meeting of the finance ministers from a group of seven industrialized nations.

• Non communist • It was formed in 1976, when Canada joined

the Group of Six: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States.

• To discuss economic policies.

Paris Club

• Informal group of financial officials• Includes wealthiest members of IMF, provide

most of money to be loaned• Established 1956• Members: Included 19 world largest

economies• Provide financial services

Economics Cooperation Organization

• Members: Seven Asian and three European countries

• Headquarters: Tehran (Iran)• Secretary General: Yehya Marufi

(Afghanistan)• Established 1985• Objective: Promote regional cooperation

in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs and economic development.

Former Soviet Union

• USSR• Group of 15 countries

International Olympic Committee

• Established in 1894• Members: 205• Aim: promote Olympic ideals and administer

Olympic games.

International standard Organization

• Established 1947• Members: 97• Aim: to promote the

development of international standards