International Health Regulations

International Health Regulations1 |

International Health RegulationsInternational Health RegulationsBuilding international public health security Building international public health security


Why revised International Health Regulations? Why revised International Health Regulations?

In today’s world, diseases travel fast and no single country can protect itself on its own.

Acknowledging this, the 193 WHO Member States unanimously adopted a new version of the International Health Regulations (IHR).

The revised IHR enter into force in June 2007. It will now be up to the world to translate the new code of the Regulations into the reality of greater international public health security.

Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General


Our world is changing as never beforeOur world is changing as never before

Populations grow, age, and move

Diseases travel fast

Microbes adapt

Chemical, radiation, food risks increase

Health security is at stake


30 years of international health in security30 years of international health in security

HIV/AIDS

CHERNOBYL

PLAGUE

EBOLA / MARBURG

NvCJD

NIPAH

YELLOW FEVER

...

ANTHRAX

SARS

MENINGITIS

CHOLERA

CHEMICAL

AVIAN INFLUENZA

XDR-TB

...


0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

3/16

3/19

3/22

3/25

3/28

3/31 4/

3

4/6

4/9

4/12

4/15

4/18

4/21

4/24

4/27

4/30 5/

3

5/6

5/9

5/12

5/15

5/18

5/21

5/24

5/27

5/30 6/

2

6/5

6/8

6/11

6/14

6/17

Num

ber o

f pas

seng

er

WHO travel recommendations removed

36 11636 116

WHO travel recommendations2 April

14 67013 May

102 165102 165

25 May27 March 23 JuneScreening of exit passengers

SARS: an unknown coronavirus • 8098 cases• 774 deaths• 26 countries affected• trends in airline passenger

movement drop• economic loss: US$ 60 billion

2003: SARS changes the world2003: SARS changes the world


H5N1: Avian influenza, a pandemic threatH5N1: Avian influenza, a pandemic threat


The 58th World Health Assembly adopts the revised International Health Regulations, “IHR”

The 58th World Health Assembly adopts the revised International Health Regulations, “IHR”


International public health security is the goalInternational public health security is the goal

Ensuring maximum public health security while minimizing interference with international transport and trade

Come into force on 15 June 2007* Come into force on 15 June 2007*

* A later date applies to States that have submitted reservations

Legally binding for WHO and the world’s countries that have agreed to play by the same rules to secure international health.


What’s new?What’s new?

From three diseases to all public health threatsFrom preset measures to adapted responseFrom control of borders to, also, containment at source


All public health threatsAll public health threats

The revised IHR recognize that international disease threats have increased

Scope has been expanded from cholera, plague and yellow fever to all public health emergencies of international concern

They include those caused by infectious diseases, chemical agents, radioactive materials and contaminated food


Adapted responseAdapted response

International public health security is based on strong national public health infrastructure connected to a global alert and response system.

This is at the core of the IHR.


Containment at sourceContainment at source

Rapid response at the source is:

the most effective way to secure maximum protection against international spread of diseases

key to limiting unnecessary health-based restrictions on trade and travel


What do the IHR call for?What do the IHR call for?

Strengthened national capacity for surveillance and control, including in travel and transport

Prevention, alert and response to international public health emergencies

Global partnership and international collaboration

Rights, obligations and procedures, and progress monitoring


Why should countries implement the IHR?Why should countries implement the IHR?

Countries will receive:

WHO assistance in building core capacities

WHO’s guidance during outbreak investigation, risk assessment, and response

WHO’s advice and logistical support

information gathered by WHO about public health risks worldwide

assistance to mobilize funding support

To detect and contain public health threats faster, to contribute to international public health security, and to enjoy the benefits of being

a respected partner.


The IHR foster global partnershipThe IHR foster global partnership

Other intergovernmental organizations:– UN system (e.g. FAO, IAEA, ICAO, IMO)

– others: regional (e.g. EU, ASEAN), technical (e.g. OIE)

Development agencies:– governments, banks

WHO Collaborating centresAcademics & professional associations Industry associationsNGOs and Foundations


Acute public health threats are collectively managed

Acute public health threats are collectively managed

The key functions of this global system, for States and WHO, are to:

detect

verify

assess

inform

assist

The IHR define a risk management process where States Parties work together, coordinated by WHO, to collectively manage acute public health risks.


WHO to help countries managing eventsWHO to help countries managing events

New WHO global Event Management System

WHO Regional Alert and Response teams

Train countries’ NFPs and WHO contact points for event management

Expand GOARN and other specialized and regional support networks

Develop new tools and standard operating procedures

Carry out IHR exercises


As each country builds its capacity, the entire world wins

As each country builds its capacity, the entire world wins

The greatest assurance of public health security will come when all countries have in place the capacities for effective surveillance and response, for:

infectious diseases radiological-related diseases

chemical-related diseases food-related diseases

Timeline Timeline

15 June 200715 June 2007 2009 2012 2014 2016

Planning Implementation

2 years + 3 + (2) + (up to 2)

"As soon as possible but no later than five years from entry into force"


Countries’ challenges for IHR implementation Countries’ challenges for IHR implementation

Mobilize resources and develop national action plansStrengthen national capacities in alert and responseStrengthen capacity at ports, airports, and ground crossingsMaintaining strong threat-specific readiness for known diseases/risksRapidly notify WHO of acute public health risksSustain international and intersectoral collaborationMonitor progress of IHR implementation


What will WHO do under the IHR?What will WHO do under the IHR?

Designate WHO IHR contact points

Support States Parties in assessing their public health risks, through the notification, consultation, and verification processes

Inform State Parties of relevant international public health risks

Recommend adapted public health measures

Assist States Parties in their efforts to investigate outbreaks and meet the IHR national requirements for surveillance and response


Lives saved

Good international image

No unilateral travel and trade restrictions

Public trust

No political and social turmoil

Benefit from IHR implementationBenefit from IHR implementation


International Health RegulationsInternational Health RegulationsBuilding international public health security Building international public health security

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International Health Regulations

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