Proceedings of the

Eighteenth International CryogenicEngineering Conference

(ICEC 18)

Mumbai, India, 21-25 February 2000

Organised under the auspices of

International Cryogenic Engineering Committee - ICEC

and

International Institute of RefrigerationIndian Cryogenics Council

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India

Edited by

K G NarayankhedkarIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Mumbai, India

This edition Is authorised for sale in

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal,

Bhutan, Sikkim and Sri Lanka only.

Narosa Publishing '.

New Delhi Chennai Mumbai

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Contents

ICEC18 Committees, Sponsors and Exhibitors xxi

Preface xxv

Conference Snippets and Impressions xxvii

Plenary Presentations

Steady State Superconducting Tokamak SST-1: Magnets & Cryogenics 1

Y.C. Saxena

Radio Frequency Application of PIT-Processed Bi (2223) Tapes 13

G. Grasso

Dry-Magnet, a New Type of Superconducting Magnet which is Cooled

Directly by an Advanced Cryocooler 19

H. Ogiwara

IGCC Experience and Related Technology Improvements for Large Air

Separation Units 25

D. Bernal and G. Massimo

Cryogenic Expanders 33

H. Quack

Recent Developments in Cryocoolers 41

A. Ravex

Development of Cryogenic Propulsion Systems in ISRO 53

G. Madhavan Nair and K. Ramamurthi

Cryogenics for China Tomorrow? - a reverie- 59

C.S. Hong

v

Superconducting Devices

A Review of Superconducting Magnets Developed at National Physical

Laboratory 63

R.G. Sharma

Numerical Simulations of Possible Fault Conditions in the Cryogenic

Operation of the TTF / FEL - and Tesla Linear Accelerators 57

B.Petersen and S.Wolff

A Multi-Purpose 7 Tesla Superconducting Magnet 71

R.G. Sharma, R.B. Saxena andM.A. Ansari

Cavity RRR Measurement with Eddy Current Method for TESLA Test

Facility 75

KM. Wen, W. Singer, D. Proch, L.Z. Lin andL.Y. Xiao

Electric Circuitical Characteristics of SST-1 Cable-in-Conduit

Superconductor 79

S. Pradhan, G. Bansal, A.N. Sharma and Y.C. Saxena

Design and Analysis of Superconducting Bus Line for SST-1 83

V.L. Tanna, N.C. Gupta, S. Das, B. Sarkar and Y.C. Saxena

Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators for Heavy Ion Acceleration 87

M.B. Kurup, M.K. Pandey, R.G. Pillay andB. Srinivasan

Development of Josephson Junctions and SQUIDs at IGCAR 91

M.P. Janawadkar, R. Baskaran, R. Saha, K. Gireesan, R. Nagendran,L.S. Vaidhyanathan, J. Jayapandian, Y. Hariharan and T.S. Radhakrishnan

New Types of Electric Machines on the Basis of the Bulk HTS Elements:

Recent Results and Future Development 95

L.K. Kovalev, K.V. Ilushin, V.T. Penkin, K.L. Kovalev, S.M.-A, Koneev,

K.A. Modestov, S.A. Larionoff, W. Gawalek, T. Habisreuther, D. Litzkendorf,B. Oswald, K.-J. Best and T. Strasser

Coil Bobbin for Stable PCS Coils 99

T. Kashima, H. Kamijo andK. Nemoto

Performance of a Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separator for

Processing Clay 103

G. Swaminathan, A.R. Prabhu, K.A. Durgaprasad, C. Prem Kumar,

J.V.R. Vithal, H.K. Pal.S. Sudhakar andK.M. Chowdhary

An Automatic Ultrasonic Welding Process for Interconnecting

Superconducting Wires of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 107

J-C Brunet, A. Chatelain, A. Jacquemod and I. Monleiro

VI

Cryosystem for Superconducting Machines

Cryogenic Facilities at 1.9 K for the Reception of the SuperconductingWires and Cables of the LHC Dipoles Magnets 111

K. Barth, J-P Dauvergne, N. Delruelle, G. Ferlin, A. Juillerat and 0. Pirotte

Transformation of Transient Heat Loads on SCMS to RefrigerationLoads on He Refrigerator H5

A.K. Sahu, S. Das, Y.C. Saxena, H. Quack, C.P. Dhardand B. Sarkar

Design of the He Cooling System of the Superconducting Ring Cyclotronfor the RIKEN RI Beam Factory 119

T. Kawaguchi, K. Ikegami, M. Ohtake, H. Okuno, J-i Ohnishi, A. Goto

and Y. Yano

1 kW Class Helium Refrigerator/Liquefier for SST-1 123

B. Sarkar, C.P. Dhard, Y.C. Saxena, A.K. Sahu, S. Das, H. Quack,M. Bonneton, P. Schummer, A. Caillaud and F. Dagut

Cryogenic Refrigeration for HTS Power Cables 127

M. Bechis, J.J. Clausen, D. von Dollen, J.E. Jipping, N.J. Kelleyand R.J. Sebastianutto

Cryogenic Activity for Superconducting LINAC Booster at NSC 131

T.S. Datta, J. Chacko, A. Choudhury, M. Kumar, S. Babu, J. Antony,S.A. Krishnan, S. Kar and A. Roy

R&D of High Reliable Refrigeration System for Superconducting Generators 135

H. Yanagi, M. Ikeuchi, A. Machida, K. Yamada and M. Shibuya

Cryogenic Experiences and Test Results of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X)Demo Coil Test in TOSKA 139

G. Zahn, M. Darweschsad, G. Dittrich, S. Fink, G. Friesinger, A. Gotz,

R. Heller, W. Herz, P. Komarek, O. Langhans, W. Lehmann, W. Maurer,

I. Meyer, H. Neumann, G. Nother, W. Ratajczak, J. Sapper, H. P. Schittenhelm,

G.Schleinkofer, I. Schoenewolf, R. Singer, E. Specht, H. J. Spiegel, M. Siifier,

A. Ulbricht, M. Wanner, F. Werner and F. Wiichner

Gaseous Helium Storage and Management in the Cryogenic Systemfor the LHC 143

M. Barranco-Luque and L. Tavian

Efficiency Study of a Nitrogen-Mixed Gas Cascade for Cooling the

Current Leads 147

D. Goloubev, A. Alexeev, Ch. Haberstroh and H. Quack

VII

Large Superconducting Devices

Development of 10 kA Range Vapour Cooled Current Leads for SST-1

and Associated Test Plan 151

A. Amardas, B. Sarkar, J.C. Patel, V.L. Tanna, C.P. Dhardand Y.C. Saxena

Recent Development Progress of 70 MW Class Superconducting Generators 155

T. Hirao, M. Shibuya, T. Shimada, R. Shiobara, K. Suzuki and K. Miyaike

Superconducting Generators in Power Industry 159

J.L. Bhattacharya

New CICC Design Versions with High Copper Fraction for HT-7U Tokamak 163

Y. Bi, Z. Chen, B. Li and P. Weng

Comparison of Methods for Cooling a Resistive HTSC-Fault Current Limiter 167

D. Goloubev, A. Alexeev, Ch. Haberstroh and H. Quack

Wires and Cables - AC Losses and Stability

Predictive Quench Initiation Analysis of the ITER TF Model Coil 173

C. Marinucci and L. Bottura

Pulse Height Analysis of the Spike Signals on the Balance Voltage Observed

in the LHD Helical Coils 179

N. Yanagi, S. Imagawa, S. Hamaguchi, H. Chikaraishi, K. Takahata, T. Mi/o,

A. Nishimura, H. Sekiguchi, Y. Nakamura, T. Satow, S. Satoh and 0. Motojima

Modelling of the Quench Process for the Optimisation of the Design and

Protection of Superconducting Busbars for the LHC 183

R. Schmidt and F. Sonnemann

Normal Zone Detection in SST-1 Superconducting Magnets 187

G. Bansal, A.N. Sharma, S. Pradhan, and Y.C. Saxena

Study on Frequency Dependence of AC Transport Current Losses in HTS

Tapes 191

0. Tsukamoto, D. Miyagi and M. Ciszek

Pretest Analysis of Tcs Measurements in the Central Solenoid Model Coil 195R. Zanino

,N. Martovetsky and L. Savoldi

Finite Element Analysis of Coupling Losses in the SuperconductingStrand in SST-1 199

B. Biswas and Y. C. Saxena

VIII

Cryogenics for Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

Towards Cost-to-Performance Optimisation of Large Superfluid Helium

Refrigeration Systems 203S. Claudet, P. Lebrun and L. Tavian

Specification of Eight 2400W @ 1.8 K Refrigeration Units for the LHC 207

S. Claudet, P. Gayet, B. Jager, F. Millet, P. Roussel, L. Tavian and U. Wagner

2.4 kW at 1.8 K Refrigeration Units for CERN LHC Project: The Air

Liquide System 211B. Hilbert, G.M. Gistau-Baguer and F. Dagut

Four 2400 W /1.8 K Refrigeration Units for CERN-LHC: The IHI / Linde

System 215

H. Asakura, J. Boesel, T. Honda, A. Kuendig, K. Kurtcuoglu, A. Meier, M. Mori,A. -E. Senn andS. Yoshinaga

The Cryogenic System for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Detector 219

J. Bremer

The Insulation Vacuum Barrier for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)Magnet Cryostats 223

M. Castoldi, F. Dolizy, V. Parma, B. Skoczen and P. Trilhe

A Cryogenic Test Set-up for the Qualification of Pre-Series Test Cells for

The LHC Cryogenic Distribution Line 227

J. Livran, G. Mouron, C. Parente, G. Riddone, D. Rybkowski andN. Veillet

Helium Discharge and Dispersion in the LHC Accelerator Tunnel

in case of Cryogenic Failure 231

M. Chorowski, G. Konopka and G. Riddone

Experience with a Pre-Series Superfluid Helium Test Bench for LHC

Magnets 235

V. Benda, B. Vullierme andJ, Schouten

Superconducting Materials

Critical Current and Microstructural Investigations of PIT Processed

Bi-2223/Ag Tapes 239

P.L. Upadhyay andR.G. Sharma

Stability and Quench Study of the Bi-2223 Based HTSC Coil 243

V.S. Vysotsky, Yu.A. llyin, T. Kiss, K. Ohya, D. Utsunomiya, S. Noda, M. Takeo,

H. Okamoto and F. Irie

IX

Pinning Properties in Superconducting Pb-Bi Alloys (II) 247

A. Matsuda

Transport Properties at Low Temperature for YBa2Cu307 Superconductors 251

K. Watanabe and S. Awaji

Temperature Dependencies of Critical Current Density of SuperconductorsBased on NbTi and NbTiTa Alloys 255

V.Yu. Korpusov, G.P. Vedernikov, L.V. Potanina, I.N. Gubkin, A.K. Shikov,

S.I. Novikov and M.S. Novikov

Materials for Cryogenic Applications

Characterization of a Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coating (AhOj+TiOj)Prescribed to Use in Baffle Structure of a Cryocondensation Pump for

Neutral Beam Injector System 259

M. Bandyopadhyay, J. Chakraborty, P.M. Raole, S. Mukherjee, N. V.M. Rao,

Ch. Chakrapani, P.K. Jayakumar, A.K. Chakraborty, S.K. Mattoo

and NBI Team

Mechanical Properties of 316LN Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures 263

L. F. Li and K. Yang

Investigations on Improving the Wear Resistance of D3 and M2 Steels

through Cryotreatment 267

D. Mohan Lai, S. Renganarayanan and A. Kalanidhi

Design of New Molecular Magnets: Fe-Based Mo-Polycyanates 271

A.K. Sra, F. Lahitete, J.V. Yakhmi, 0. Kahn, S. Golhen andL. Ouahab

Thermal Conductivity Measurements on Urethane Modified

Polyisocyanurate Foams at Cryogenic Temperatures 275

R. Nirmala, V. Sankaranarayanan, G. Rangarajan, 0. VijayanAnd V. V. Karunakaran

Development of Inorganic Insulation Used for NbjSn Superconducting Coils 279

M. Sakai, H. Hatano, T. Wada, T. Shimonosono and H. Moriyama

Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity of Charcoal Nitrogen AdsorptionBeds in Adsorption Coolers 283

M. Jose Prakash, M. Prasad and K. Srinivasan

PAni-PMMA Blends for Cryomagnetic Temperature Sensor Applications 287

A.N. Bharthwaj, S. Angappane, D. Srinivasan, T.S. Natarajan, G. RangarajanandB. Wessling

x

Heat Transfer

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Offset Strip-Fin Heat Exchangers 291

D. Maiti and S. Sarangi

Design of an Experimental Rig for Study of Heat Transfer and Flow

Friction Characteristics ofCompact Plate Fin HeatExchangers 295

/. Ghosh, M. Mishra, P. K. Das and S. Sarangi

A Study of the Configuration and Performance of Distributor in Plate Fin

Heat Exchanger 299

J. Anjun, Y. Li, R. Zhang, P. Chunsheng, Y. Shi, C. ChunZheng andL. Zhang

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigations of Tube-in-Tube

Cryogenic Heat Exchangers 303

P. Gupta, P.K. KushandM.D. Atrey

Effect of Finite Number of Plates on the Transient Response of Perforated

Plates During a Single Blow Transient Test of Matrix Heat ExchangerSurfaces 307

F. Farhani, G. Venkatarathnam and S. Sarangi

Development of Three-Stage Passive Radiant Cooler for Cryogenic Coolingof Infra-Red Detectors of Very High Resolution Radiometer (VHRR) of

INSAT-2 Spacecraft 311

S.C Rastogi, C.K. KrishnaPrakas, B.S. Akkimaradi, SantRam, Subramanya,M. Prasad, P.P. Gupta, D.R. Bhandari andH. Narayanamurthy

Large Low Pressure Heat Exchanger for the TTF Cryogenic System 315

E. Kashtanov, V. Pleskatch, K. Polkovnikov, A. Shembel, V. Sytnik,S. Zintchenko, B. Krakovsky, O. Krasnikova, O. Popov,H. Burmeister, B. Petersen andH.-O. Roggenbuck

A Cryogenic Test Station for Subcooling Helium Heat Exchangers for LHC 319

P. Roussel, B. Jager, andL. Tavian

Temperature Variation Induced by Cavitation Flow of Liquid Helium 323

T. Ishii, M. Maki and M. Murakami

Design of Vapour Cooled Shields of a Superinsulated Liquid Helium Dewar:

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Studies 327

A. Senthil Kumar, S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan and G. V. Satisha

Experimental Study on a Hell Boiling Mode with Regular Pressure

Oscillation near Lambda 331

Y. Takashima and M. Murakami

xi

Propagation of Thermal Shock Wave in Compressed Hell Induced by a

Gasdynamic Shock Wave Impingement 335

H. Yang, H. Nagai, M. Murakami and Y. Ueta

Experimental Evaluation of Multilayer Insulation with Indigenous Shields

And Spacers 339

V. Ramakrishnan, A. Ramasamy, S.G. Barve, P.P. Gupta andH. Narayanamurthy

Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Evaluation of Interstitial Pressure

in Multilayer Insulations 343

T.P. Lukose, S.L. Bapat and KG. Narayankhedkar

Experimental and Mathematical Analysis of Multilayer Insulation below

80 K 347

M. Chorowski, P. Grzegory, C. Parente and G. Riddone

Dual Channel Cable in Conduit Thermohydraulics : Analysis of the

European Full Size Joint Samples Test Results 35I

A. Martinez, J-L Duchateau, P. Decool and S. Nicollet

Temperature Distribution within the W7-X Superconducting Coils 355

M. Nagel, F. Schauer and 0. Jandl

Using Fractal Network Model to Predict Thermal Contact Conductance

at Cryogenic Temperatures 359

L.P. Zhao, L. Xu, Z.C. Li, H. Sun and W. Weiyang

Tests and Modeling of Heat Generation and Heat Exchange in the Full Size

Joint Sample 353

R. Zanino and L. Savoldi

Characteristics of Liquid Neon 367

S. Fuchino, N. Tamada, I. Ishii and M. Okano

Application of Finite Difference for Estimation of Temperature Variation in

Prawns During Liquid Nitrogen Based Individual Quick Freezing Process 371

A.B. Datye, G.K. Sharma and KG. Narayankhedkar

Purification, Cryovessels and Cryostats

Studies on the Purification of Helium Gas Using a Vortex Tube 375

S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan, R. Kanmanithi and T. Jagadish

New Developments on Liquid Helium Transport Vessels 379

B. Gottschlich

XII

Design and Manufacture of 300 m3 Cryogenic Vacuum Insulated Tank in

India - A Case Study 333

P.P. Kulkarni andD. V. Patwardhan

Effects of Temperature and Liquid Volume Fraction on the Performance

of Non-Loss Storage in Cryogenic Vessels 337

L. Xu, H. Sun, Z. Li, L. Zhao, W. WeiyangandL. Zhang

Design and Testing of 200 mm Diameter Liquid Helium Cryostat 391

S. Som and K. Hosoyama

Flexible Cryocooler Interface for Liquid Helium Cryostat 395

G. Swaminathan and S.K. Padhee

Cryostats for Superconducting LINAC Booster at NSC 399

J. Chacko, S.A. Krishnan, M. V. Suresh Babu, M. Kumar, A. Choudhury, S. Kar,

J. Antony, T.S. Datta andA. Roy

"Cryholab" a New Horizontal Test Cryostat for SuperconductiveRadiofrequency Cavities 403

H. Saugnac, P. Blache, C. Commeaux, D. Grolet, N. Hammoudi, T. Junquera,S. Lambert, D. Braud, P. Sahuquet and H Sofa

Development and Testing of Superfluid-Cooled Cryostat for 1 GHzNMR

Spectrometer 4O7

A. Sato, T. Miki, T. Kiyoshi, F. Matsumoto, H. Nagai, H. Wada, S. Ito,

M. Yoshikawa, Y. Kawate and S. Fukui

Helium Refrigeration Systems

3.8 K He Refrigeration System for Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) 411

Ch. Chakrapani, H. Quack, M. Bandyopadhyay, N. V.M. Rao,

P.K. Jayakumar, A.K. Chakraborty, S.K. Mattoo andNBI Team

650 W at 4.5 K and 2001/h Refrigeration Plant for IPR Tokamak SST1

Project, Supplied by AIR LIQUIDE 415

M. Bonneton, A. Caillaud, F. Dagut and P. Schummer

Solutions for Liquid Nitrogen Pre-Cooling in Helium Refrigeration Cycles 419

U. Wagner

Dynamic Simulator of Helium Refrigeration System 423

H. Yoshimura, M. Mori and A. Miyake

Nuclotron Refrigerators in the Combined Production of Refrigeration and

Liquid Helium 427

N.N. Agapov, V.I. Batin, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan andA.D. Kovalenko

xiii

Cryogen Distribution Systems

Cooling with Sub-Cooled Liquid Nitrogen in Closed Loop Systems 431

B. Gottschlich

Studies of Cool-Down and Mass Flow of a Vertical Liquid NitrogenTransfer Line 435

S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan, M. V. Krishnamurthy and S. Rihani

Liquid Nitrogen Distribution Scheme for Cryogenic Subsystems of SST-1 439

C.P. Dhard, A.G. Ajith Kumar, B. Sarkar and Y.C. Saxena

Supercritical Helium Flow Requirement and Cooling Scheme for SST-1

SCMS 443

S. Das, N.C. Gupta, A.K. Sahu, B. Sarkar, C.P. Dhard and Y.C. Saxena

Development of High Performance LHe Test Transfer Line for SST-1 447

N.C. Gupta, V.L. Tanna, P. Rewatkar, B. Sarkar and Y.C. Saxena

VECC Superconducting Cyclotron Cryogen Distribution System 451

G. Pal, T.K. Bhattacharyya, C. Nandi, J. Pradhan, A. Dutta Gupta,J. Chaudhuri andR.K. Bhandari

Design and Analysis of Cryogenic Headers for SST-1 SCMS and CryostatCooling 455

S. Nagabhushana, S. Das, K.J. Thomas, V. Jain, V.M. Bedakihale, H.A. Pathak

and Y. C. Saxena

Cryogenic Distribution System at NSC 459

A. Choudhury, S.A. Krishnan, M. Kumar, S. Babu, S. Kar, J. Antony,J. Chacko, T.S. Datta and A. Roy

Manufacture of Bayonet Joint Transfer Tube with Check Valve 463

Y. Odashima and A. Ishida

Machinery in Cryogenics

CRESP -TURBO: A Software for Design of Cryogenic Expanders 467

P. Sen, P. Ghosh and S. Sarangi

Design of Floating Pad Journal Bearings for a Cryogenic Turboexpander 471

A. Chakravarty and S. Sarangi

Design of Aerostatic Bearings for a Cryogenic Turboexpander 475A. Chakravarty andS. Sarangi

Prediction of Off-Design Performance of a Cryogenic TurboexpanderUsing a Meanline Calculation Procedure 479P. Ghosh and S. Sarangi

xiv

Static Stress Analysis of a Cryogenic Turboexpander Using Finite ElementMethod

483P. Ghosh and S. Sarangi

New Gas-Lubricated Foil Bearing Cryogenic Turboexpander 487L.Y.Xiong, Y. Hou, J. Wang, C.Z. ChenandL. Zhang

Investigation of Damages of the Slide Bearings in the HERA Helium Screw

Compressors 491

E. Gadwinkel, H. Herzog, H. Lierl and F. Quast

Experimental Investigation on Cryogenic Piston Pump 495

Q. Li, U. Ruppert, Z. Szuecs and H-D. Denner

3.8 K Liquid Helium Large Area Cryocondensation Pump 499

N. V.M. Rao, Ch. Chakrapani, H. Quack, M. Bandyopadhyay, P.K Jayakumar,A.K. Chakraborty, S.K. Mattoo and NBI Team

High Capacity Helium Purifier for 14 g/s at 200 bar 503

H. Neumann and G. Perinic

Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

About the Miniature Pulse Tube Project of ILK Dresden 507

G. Kaiser andA. Binneberg

Efficiency Test of the Linear Pressure Oscillator for Miniature Pulse Tube

Cooler 511

Y. Jianhii, Y. Zhou, L. Jingtao, Z. Wenxiu, L. Shishu and T. Zhongda

High Frequency Co-Axial Pulse Tube Refrigerator Capable of Reaching 61K 515

Y. Zhou, Y. Hou, L. Jingtao, J. Yang and Z. Wenxiu

Development of Second Order Isothermal Model of Orifice Type Pulse Tube

Refrigerator (OPTR) with Linear Compressor 519

M.D. Atrey and KG. Narayankhedkar

Phasor Analysis of Orifice Pulse Tube Cryocooler 523

K.P. Desai, H.B. Naik and KG. Narayankhedkar

Experimental Investigations on Pulse Tube Refrigerator 527

B.S. GawaliandN.K. Sane

Experimental Investigation of Pulse Tube - Gas Wave Refrigerator 531

Z. Li, L. Xu, W. Xiong, L. Zhao and L. Zhang

Feasibility Study of Applying Thermal Compressor to 4 K Pulse Tube Cooler 535

Y. Matsubara andS.L. Zhou

xv

Design and Development of a Single Stage Double Inlet Pulse Tube

Refrigerator 539

R. Karunanithi, S. Jacob, S. Kasthurirengan, U. Behera and D.S. Nadig

Developments on Single and Double Stage GM Type Pulse Tube

Cryorefrigerators 543

A. Ravex, J.M. Poncetandl. Charles

Elliptical and Circular Pulse Tubes: A Comparative Experimental Study 547

S. Kasthurirengan, G. Thummes and C. Heiden

Length of Gas Buffer in Pulse Tube of PTR 551

Q.Li, Y.Feng and F. Guo

Low-Noise Cooling of HT-SQUIDs by Means of a Pulse Tube Cooler with

Additional Vibration Compensation 555

C. Lienerth, G. Thummes and C. Heiden

LM Series Pulse Tube Cryotherapy Instrument 559

Y. Lingwen, W. Junjie, Y. Zhou, Z. Wenxiu, L. Ercang and L. Jingtao

Xenon Liquefaction Using a Pulse Tube Refrigerator 563

T. Haruyama and K. Kasami

J-T, G-M and Stirling Cryocoolers

Development of Rapid Cooldown Throttle-Cycle Coolers Operating with

Mixed Refrigerants 557

A. Khatri and M. Boiarski

Research on a Mixed-Refrigerant J-T Refrigerator Used for Cryosurgery 571

M. Gong, L. Ercang and Y. Zhou

An Analysis of a GM Refrigerator with HoSb as Its Regenerative Material 575

H. Nakane, T. Hashimoto, S. Yamazaki, T. Numazawa, M. Okamura,T. Kuriyama and Y. Ohtani

Cyclic Analysis and Experimental Investigation of a Single Stage G-M

Cryocooler 579

B. Duttagupta, P.K. Kush andM.D. Atrey

Experimental Study on a New Type ofSealing— Regeneration-LabyrinthSealing for Displacer in Cryocoolers 583

L.Q. Liu, L. Zhang andL. H. Gong

Design Charts for Linear Motor of Miniature Stirling Cryocoolers 587

H.K. Agrawal and KG. Narayankhedkar

xvi

Design and Development of a Voice Coil Motor Driven Split StirlingCryocooler for Space-Borne Applications 591

A.S. Gaunekar, S.L. Bapat andKG. Narayankhedkar

Experimental Investigations of a Voice Coil Motor Driven Split StirlingCryocooler for Space-Borne Applications 595

A.S. Gaunekar, S.L. Bapat andKG. Narayankhedkar

Analysis, Design and Development of Miniature Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers 599

B. T. Kuzhiveli, S.L. Bapat and K. G. Narayankhedkar

Dedicated HTS Stirling Cryogenerators 603

J.A.M. Dam andR. den Heijer

Performance Estimates of Stirling Cycle Cryocooler Using Two-ComponentTwo-Phase Mixture 607

S.L. Bapat

Feasibility of Alpha Configuration for Miniature Stirling Cycle Coolers 611

S.L. Bapat

Instrumentation

Miniature High Pressure Cell for Electrical Resistance Measurements 615

A. Mani, A. Bharathi, V.S. Sastry, Y. Hariharan and T.S. Radhakrishnan

Use of Platinum Resistance Thermometer as a Fast Response Liquid

Nitrogen Detector 619

S.M. Pattalwar

Tests of the Cryogenic Thermometers at Very Big Doses ofGamma

Radiation 623

Yu.P. Filippov, E.N. Kulagin, V.M. Miklayev, A.K. Sukhanova, and S.Wolff

Characteristics of Russian Cryogenic Temperature Sensors 627

Yu.A. Dedikov and Yu.P. Filippov

Void Fraction Sensor for Two-Phase Superfluid Helium Flow 631

Yu.P. Filippov, A.M. Kovrizhnykh andS.V. Romanov

Calibration Results of Superconductive Hot-Wire Anemometer for the Use

around 2 K 635

H. Okubo, T. Furukawa and M. Murakami

A Simple Insertible Low Field SQUID Magnetometer 639

R. Nagendran, K. Gireesan, M.P. Janawadkar, R. Baskaran, R. Saha,

L.S. Vaidhyanathan, J. Jayapandian, Y. Hariharan and T.S. Radhakrishnan

XVII

Gas Analyzers for Binary Gas Mixtures Based on Acoustic Resonance 643

S. Kasthurirengan, S. Jacob and R. Karunanithi

Operational Amplifiers and Bipolar Transistors at 77 K 647

W. Nawrocki, S. Michalak and J. Pajakowski

Investigation of the Discharge Coefficient of Small Venturi Tubes 651

M. Siifier and W. Jitschin

Instrumentation, Field Network and Process Automation for the LHC

Cryogenic Line Tests 555

T. Bager, C. Balle, G. Bertrand, J. Casas, P. Gomes, C. Parente,G. Riddone and A. Suraci

Space Applications

Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of Cryogenic Rocket PropulsionSystems 559

A. Tarafder, G. Raghuram Kumar and S. Sarangi

Thermal Performance Evaluation of INSAT-2 Passive Radiant Cooler under

Simulated Space Environment 553

S.C. Rastogi, C.K. Krishna Prakas, B.S. Akkimaradi, Sant Ram, Subramanya,M. Prasad, P.P. Gupta, D.R. Bhandari andH. Narayanamurthy

Development of Cryogenic Turbopump 667

N.K Gupta

Development of Thrust Chamber forLOX-LH2 Cryogenic Engine 671

E.V.S. Namboodiry and S.C. Ghosh

Electroforming Process for the Fabrication of Cryogenic Rocket EngineThrust Chamber (J75

S. John, P. Veeramani, K.N. Srinivasan, PR. Thangavelu, N. V. Shanmugamand M. Raghavan

Design and Performance of «t> 0.6 m Thermal Vacuum Chamber 679

P. Govindan, M. Satyanarayana, D.Karnik, N.K. Misra and B.N. Baliga

Materials/Electrical Wiring Processes and Qualification Testing in SpaceCryogenic Application 533

T.S. Nanjundaswamy, H.R. Sanandan, M.C. John, E. Lakshmipati, M. Sivaraman,

S.C. Rastogi, B.S. Akkimaradi, Sant Ram and Subramanya

Applications of Space Cryo-Radiating Technology for Chinese

Meteorological Satellites ^37

W. Weiyang, D. Deping, Z. Yuling and Y. Chunyan

xviii

Applications and Novel Concepts

Cryogenic Grinding Technology 691

A. Mathur

A Novel Epididymal Sperm Model for Analyzing the CryoprotectingPotential of Various Reagents 595

C. Kundu, J. Chakraborty, P. Dutta, D. Bhattacharyya, A. Ghosh

and G. C. Majumder

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Erbium Doped Fiber

Amplifier at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature 701

S.K. Narayankhedkar, R.K. Shevgaonkar and KG. Narayankhedkar

Network Modeling of Thermoacoustic Devices 705

K. Dong, Q. Li and J. Wu

Author Index 709

XK