Integration of CCA and DRR into Development :

Bangladesh Experience

Mohammad Abdul QayyumNational Project Director

CDMP II

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

1

∗ Bangladesh remains to be one of the world’s poorest

countries, but also the most resilient!

∗ Left unaddressed, climate change will increase and

intensify Bangladesh’s disaster risks:

∗ Frequency and intensity of hazards such as flood,

drought, salinity, cyclone, tidal surge, sea level rise etc.

∗ Which will affect: ∗ (i) Food Security;

∗ (ii) Increased Vector Borne Diseases;

∗ (iii) increased Infrastructural Damage and

∗ (iv) Degradation of Natural Resources, Upon which livelihood is dependent.

Bangladesh’ Context2

Issue 1: Perspective gap“Conventional development perspectives

are not intuitively receptive to DRR&CCA”

Perspectives

Sustainable

Development

Espouses:

Meanwhile, DRR &

CCA

are leaning more

towards

Priorities Vision Local risk

Approach Top down Bottom up

Scope Macro Localized

Time span Long term Short-Mid–Long term

Premium Econ Growth Reduced Risks

3

Finance Division

Internal Resources Division

Bdesh Bureau of Statistics

Bangladesh Bank

Planning Divisions

PLANNING

COMMISSION

Line Ministries / Divisions

Implementing Agencies

Sub-Implementing

Agencies

(Contractors)

Communities

Economic

Relations

Divisions

Development

Partners

Long Term

VisionMedium

Term Plan

allocations based on size

of population and area

Issue 2: Coordination

gap

Ultimately:

Not sensitive to

local disaster and

climate risks

Issues :

•Inter-sectoral coordination gaps

•Two separate ministries for DRR and

CCA

•Prominent power dynamics at national

and local level

4

Issue 3: Institutional Gap

POLICY PLANNING

SECTORAL PLANNING

PROGRAMME PLANNING

PROJECT PLANNING

EVALUATION

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

AND MONITORING

i. Determination of Goals, objectives,

priorities and strategies and policy

measure

ii. Identification of the required role

sectors to play in the context of goal and

objectives

iii. Formulation of detailed sectoral

programmes

iv. Preparation of projects embodying

investment decisions

v. Institution of appropriate management

apparatus for supervision and efficient

completion of projects

vi. Review of effects of project,

programmes and plans

AGENCY/

IMED

IMED

5

And thus the rationale for Integration

Development

means

Wellbeing of

Society,

Economy, &

Environment

Climate

Change and

Disasters

challenge

development

gains and

future goals

In order to be

sustainable

development

must be

resilient

Integrating

Disaster and

Climate Risks,

is thus a

necessity,

towards

sustainable

development

• Bangladesh cannot afford to go about with the development

business-as-usual

• Unless development policy decision is taken today,

Bangladesh’ future development will not be sustainable

6

∗ CCA & DRR integration

∗ is a country driven process

∗ Which depends upon the respective countries

to what extent mainstreaming is required

∗ And to what extent the governance system

allows the country to incorporate CCA & DRR

into the development process.

Towards the Integration of CCA/DRRWhat is integration?

7

∗ Integration of CCA & DRR in Bangladesh is conducted

through these levels:

1. National Planning Process

2. Sectoral Policies

3. Project Development Cycle

4. Budgetary Process

Bangladesh Framework for Integration 8

∗ Integration of CCA into Bangladesh National planning

process; Perspective Plan/Sixth Five year plan /

Medium-Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) 2013-14

to 2017-18

∗ Actions:

1. Improve the Quality of monitoring data;

2. Coordination at the highest level;

3. Long Term Vision;

4. Ensure Adequate Resources;

5. Increasing Donor Support

1. National Level Planning

Process: 9

National Long Term Vision

National Short to Medium Term

policies, e.g. PRSP

National Budget

y

c

y

c

l

e

s

t

a

g

e

s

Policy

Formulation

Planning

Resource

Allocation

Sector

Level Dev

Plan

Sector

Budget

Envelop

Programming/

Implementation

Bangladesh Development Planning Architecture

Multi year Development Plan

Sector

Level Dev

Plan

Sector

Budget

Envelop

Sector X Sector Y

Propose

investment

Propose

investment

Allocate

Budget

Allocate

Budget

11

∗ Integration of climate change adaptation/DRR into

Bangladesh relevant sectoral Policies and Programme;

∗ Action:1. Public Service Delivery;

2. Assessment: Sector Specific Assessment;

3. Increase Awareness of Sectoral Planners;

4. Updating Climate Baselines;

5. Capacity Development within Sectors

2. Sectoral level Integration12

Na

tio

nal

Le

vel

Pol

ici

es

an

d

Pla

ns

Sectoral Strategy and Policies

Sectoral Plan

Sectoral Programming

Sectoral Investment Programme Top

down project Project Proposal from district x, y, z

i

c

y

c

y

c

l

e

s

t

a

g

e

s

Policy

Formulation

Planning

Resource

Allocation

Sectoral

Budget

Envelop

Additional

resource for

adaptation

Bottom up projects

Top down projects

Programming/

Implementation

Sectoral level governance architecture with key interventions for

adaptation

-Act on Priorities established at the

National Level;

-Include recognition of risks

-Apply a Climate Lens;

-Build in sector level top-down

adaptation activities

-Make room in the budget for cross

sectoral adaptation activities;

-Add climate considerations to criteria

used to assess Project Proposal

13

∗ Development Project Proforma (DPP) & Technical Project Proposal (TPP) formats;

∗ Project level is critical for integration of Climate Considerations

∗ Actions:1. Emphasis on Testing Climate Risk Assessment;

2. Downscaling Climate Change Projections and uncertainties;

3. Develop analytical framework for costing of adaptation measures: Cost Benefit Analysis, Multi Criteria Analysis and Cost Effectiveness Analysis;

4. Evaluate systematically effects & effectiveness of integration on Adaptation;

5. Invest more in Capacity Building.

3. Project Level IntegrationProject Development Cycle

14

The project cycle with key interventions

for adaptation

Identify Potential Risk and

Effects on Vulnerability

Undertake in- depth

Risk Assessment

Identify Potential Options;

Prioritize & select adaptation

option

M & E Implementation of

Adaptation measures

within projects

For new project implement

selected adaptation options

15

∗ Budgetary Process: Annual Development Programme

(ADP) translates National Plans/Strategy objectives into

concrete interventions for a particular year synchronized

with the annual development budget.

4. Budgetary Process16

∗ Existing Funds∗ Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF)

– from Revenue Budget (CCA including comprehensive disaster management)

∗ Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) – provided by Development Partners (CCA)

∗ Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRF) –provided by Development Partners (DRR including CCA)

∗ Employment Generation Program for the Poorest (EGPP)

∗ Proposed Funds∗ Disaster Management Fund

Bangladesh CCA/DRR Financing17

∗ Climate Change Impacts are manifested

locally affecting livelihood;

∗ Integration capacity depend on local

condition;

∗ Integration best observed at local level

Local Level Integration

Why at Local level?

18

Entry points for DRR/CCA

Integration

NATIONAL LEVEL

PLANNING

•Sixth Five Year Plan

•Perspective Plan

•Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP)

•Physical framework/Land use plans

Sectoral policies,

plans and programs

•Agriculture

•Environment

•Health

•Water

•Power & Energy and Industry etc.

LOCAL LEVEL

IMPLEMENTATION •Upazilla Development Plans (incl. Village Action Plans)

•Adjustment in local regulatory and service provision

•Local government accounting mechanism

•Engaging Private Sector and Civil Society

19

∗ Legislative arrangements for DRR/CCA

∗ Strategy to coordinate and monitor Implementation

mechanism in all sectors and levels

∗ Institutional arrangements, budgetary allocation ,

capacity development at national and local level

∗ Strengthening partnerships between various agencies

thus ensuring horizontal and vertical linkages

∗ Political will/commitment

∗ Setting DRR/CCA goals and indicators: capacity to

monitor and evaluate initiatives

Enabling Environment20

Name of Policies/Strategies/Plans/Guidelines

✓Perspective Plan: Making Vision 2021 a Reality

✓6th Five Year Plan

✓National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), 2009

✓Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2009)

✓Steps towards change: National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction (2009-2011)

✓National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS)

Policies sensitive to CC✓Coastal Zone Policy, 2005

Policies somewhat sensitive to CC✓National Health Policy, 2010✓National Plan for Disaster Management

✓Standing Order on Disaster

✓National Disaster Management Act

✓National Plan for Disaster Management

✓Environment Policy, 1992

✓National Forest Policy 1994

✓Industrial policy, 2005

✓Integrated Pest Management Policy 2002

✓Land Use Policy 2001

✓National policy for safe water supply & sanitation 1998

✓National Population Policy 2004

✓National Seed Policy

✓National Water policy 1999

✓National Agriculture policy ,1999

✓National Biotechnology policy, 1999

✓National Fisheries policy 1998

✓National Food policy 2006

✓Renewable Energy Policy of Bangladesh 2008

✓Social and resettlement policy framework 2009

✓Truism policy, 2009

✓Information Communication and technology policy 2009

EXISTING POLICIES

SENSITIVE/SOMEWHAT SENSITIVE TO

CC21

Plans

∗ Perspective Plan 2010-2021: Making Vision 2021 a Reality

∗ Sixth Five-Year Plan (SFYP) 2011-15 (Chapter 8: Env., CC & DM for

sustainable Development)

∗ National Sustainable Development strategy (NSDS)

∗ Revision of Development Project Proforma (DPP)/TPP

Budget

∗ Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR)

∗ Climate Fiscal Framework (National and Local)

∗ Creation of several funds

Capacity Building

∗ Capacity Building of Public Sector Planning Professionals

∗ Creation of E-platform

Recent Achievements in Integrating

Climate Change in the planning

process

22

∗ Lack of detailed information on climate change;

∗ Lack of willingness to allocate resources in

study/research to generate scientific knowledge that could

contribute to review and develop new plans

∗ Lack of awareness as well as lack of capacity;

∗ Climate Change is still not high enough in the agenda;

∗ Resource Allocation – inadequate compared to the need.

KEY CHALLENGES 23

Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into Dev. Plans

and Prog.

Urban Risk

Reduction

Climate Change

Adaptation

Professionalising the DM

System

Comprehensive Disaster Management

Programme (CDMP II)

Rural Risk

Reduction

Disaster Preparedness and

Response

24

• Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans

• Revise the Development Project Proforma format: Incorporating

DRR & CCA for compliance

Assist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

Enter agreements with 14 sectoral Ministries/Dept.:

•Influencing sectoral policies/guidelines

•Building policy & implementation capacities

•Incorporating DRR & CCA into sectors

•Implementing pilot projects

Establish standardized methods for:

•Community Risk Assessment (CRA)

•Fast Tracked Risk Assessment (FTRA)

•Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP)

Implement large scale interventions through innovative

financing:

•Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund

CDMP Experience in mainstreaming DRR & CCA into

Development Planning

National

Sectoral

Local

25

Innovative Local Disaster Risk

Reduction Funds26

Co

mm

unity

Pa

rtic

ipa

tio

nLocal Disaster Risk Reduction Fund

(LDRRF)

Priority measures identification

for risk reduction,

preventive, mitigation

Translate into specific

Structural or nonstructural

project/ scheme

Technical Committee

Approval Committee

CD

MP

LD

RR

F

Secre

tariat

Scientific

and local

knowledg

e

Implementation

DM

Cm

tee

De

pt.

NG

O/IN

G

O

Ou

tso

urc

e

Grants

Monitoring

Lo

ca

l

Co

mm

itte

e

Mo

nito

rin

g

Te

am

Re

vie

w T

ea

m

Hig

h o

ffic

ial

vis

it

Evaluation

CR

AR

RA

PHazard

identification

& analysis

Risk &

Vulnerability

analysis

Capacity

analysis

Funding

Mostly go to

local Dev. Plan

innovative,

community

level,

simple

27

▪ Revising DPP to include DRR & CCA issues

▪ DRR & CCA sectoral mainstreaming guidelines as per

the revised SOD

▪ Action research to identify sectoral adaptation options

▪ LOA with 13 departments of 12 ministries

● Organizational action plans

● DRR&CCA inclusion in sectoral policies

● Institutional capacity building

● Piloting options

● 32,000 urban volunteers

● Increase flood warning lead time

Integration of disaster and climate proofing28

▪ Integrating CCA principles to the programme

● Training Module Development on DRR & CCA

● Climate lens for project screening

● Adaptation Option Menu for different hazards

● Risk Atlas for 10 Vulnerable Upazilas (piloting)

● 1,700 Union factsheets

▪ Generating CC impact scenarios

● Studies on drought, flood, salinity, and storm

surge

▪ Study on ‘Trends and impact analysis of Internal

Displacement due to Impacts of Disaster & CC’

▪ Research on non-farm livelihood options

▪ Non-farm livelihood support to Communities

▪ Advocacy and communication materials

Community level Climate Change Adaptation29

THANK YOU

For more information contact:

Comprehensive Disaster Management

Programme (CDMP II)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)

92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255

Website: www.cdmp.org.bd

30