Integrating CCR Standards into Teacher Training Programs · 2011. 3. 10. · linked to their...

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Integrating College & Career Standards into Teacher Training Programs Sharon Duncan Sharon Duncan Austin Community College The Learning Center, Continuing Education

Transcript of Integrating CCR Standards into Teacher Training Programs · 2011. 3. 10. · linked to their...

Page 1: Integrating CCR Standards into Teacher Training Programs · 2011. 3. 10. · linked to their teachers, to measure teacher effectiveness. • Suggestions include: Stress teacher accountability

Integrating College & Career Standards into Teacher Training Programs

Sharon DuncanSharon DuncanAustin Community College

The Learning Center, Continuing Education

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Activity 1: Integrating CCR into Both Sides of the PPR StandardsUsing Science, Math, Technology, & Cross Disciplinary CCR Standardsg , , gy, p y

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Cross Disciplinary Standards with performance indicators, focused on Key Cognitive Skills A (Intellectual curiosity)juxtaposed to:

Standard III: The teacher promotes student learning by providing responsive instruction that makes use of effective communication techniques, instructional strategies that actively engage students in the learning process, and timely, high‐

quality feedback.

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What is known/unknown about wind chill?

Wind chill is ....... _________________________________________

The wind chill is _____________ if the outside temperature is 55°F and the wind speed is 23 mph.

What do you predict?What do you predict? ___________________________________

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Easy investigation and answer usingand answer using technology and then math skills!

When can a clear‐cut answer not be reached?

At 55 ° F, what is the wind chill temperature for someone in wetAt 55  F, what is the wind chill temperature for someone in wet clothes? ___________________________________________

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Where should climate stations be placed?2 id S i di2a. Evidence to Support Findings

In the past we have seen stations on rooftops, at sewage treatment plants, over concrete, next to air conditioners, next to diesel generators, with nearby parking, excessive nighttime humidity, and at non‐standard observing heights. Find the best 2 sites and explain why: _____________________

http://www.norcalblogs.com/watts/weather_stations/Factors that affect accurate climate findings are: ________________________________

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What should families do to prepare against a disaster?p p g

In May 2010, Nashville, TennesseeTennessee faced a disaster that was not adequately forecast.Family emergency kits alreadyalready planned helped families cope with the chaos.

Why should your family assemble an emergency kit?

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2...Revise personal views when valid evidence warrants.p

Student questions:

• Can you think of reasons why your family should not have an emergency kit?Can you think of reasons why your family should not have an emergency kit?

• How long do you think  it would take to assemble a kit?

• Using materials around the house, how much do you think it  would cost?

• Can you use valid reasons to convince your family to construct a kit?Can you use valid reasons to convince your family to construct a kit?

• What might it take to make this happen?

Engaging Students in learning ‐ has the teacher:3.8s ‐created activities and assignments that are appropriate for students and that actively g pp p y

engage them in the learning process?

3.9s –selected and used instructional materials, resources, and technologies that are suitable for instructional goals and that engage students cognitively?

3 10 represented content effectively and in ways that link with students’ prior knowledge and3.10 –represented content effectively and in ways that link with students  prior knowledge and experience?

3.13s –engaged students intellectually by teaching meaningful content in ways that promote all students’ active and invested participation in the learning process?

3.14s – encouraged students’ self‐motivation and active engagement in learning?

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Here’s an emergency kit that will allow my family to pay tt ti t th d it fmore attention to weather and its forces.

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Teacher AccountabilityTeacher Accountability

The State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC) and the Texas Ed ti A (TEA) i t i l dEducation Agency (TEA) requirements now include program accountability with additional teacher accountability measures in the coming years. Student performance on state exams will be linked to their teachers, to measure teacher effectiveness.,

• Suggestions include: Stress teacher accountability by having interns use student data to modify curriculum for tier 2 and 3 students (those working below grade level). Using a case‐study approach, intern teachers take fall and winter data to analyze students needing assistance in content and behavior modification. Results should show teacher strategies and techniques that assistedshould show teacher strategies and techniques that assisted student performance for both class work and state exam results. In addition to helping students during the first year of teaching, interns analyze results and begin planning for more repair efforts earlier during their next years of teachingearlier during their next years of teaching.

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Program Quality Controlg Q y

• Programs are accountable for training effective teachers. Use t d t t d t i h t i d t hcurrent data to determine how many trained teachers are 

succeeding with students.• Retention is an important factor in teacher training since effective 

teachers stay in the profession and continually learn fromteachers stay in the profession and continually learn from professional development to refine their craft.

• Human Resources specialists can provide feedback regarding program graduates. Ask and listen for positive and negative feedback and adjust requirements, selection, and retention policies accordingly.

• Feedback and evaluation from pre‐service and intern teachers provides excellent data on program excellence and needed revisionprovides excellent data on program excellence and needed revision.

• Supervision must address teacher and student effectiveness with a focus on helping intern teachers improve immediately in order to work successfully with students and stay in the program.y y p g

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What do Pre‐Service Teachers Need to Know?What do Pre Service Teachers Need to Know?

• They must have a solid background in their content with y ga 2.5 GPA or higher to show mastery. Passing state exams should be in addition to the content hours.

• They must have experiences with current students in order to understand and current climate of student abilities and distractions.

Th t b bl t i d ff ld th f d ti• They must be able to repair and scaffold the foundations of language, math, social studies, and science so that students understand the essentials.

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HOW can this be achieved?HOW can this be achieved?• Content expertise (24 hours in content area);

• Experiences with students particularly low performing;• Experiences with students, particularly low‐performing;

Step 1 PPR: modification strategies for all students, as needed; brain theory and application to student levels; 

Step 2: Techniques for dealing with tiers 1, 2, and 3 students; tutoring in schools;

h i f i i f d i i l i hStep 3: Techniques for repairing foundation essentials in each content area by scaffolding learning; high expectations;

Step 4: Questioning and connection strategies; team approachStep 4: Questioning and connection strategies; team approach for student success; inductive and deductive reasoning.

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STUDENT SKILLS

• Students must learn skills, not just content and knowledge, , j g ,and then be able to think critically to apply knowledge and skills to more abstract scenarios, such as working at any job.

H d Gift d/T l t d t d t ll h kill th t• Honors and Gifted/Talented students usually have skills that address the higher order critical thinking skills, but this 10% of students leaves 90% to consider and educate.

Program curriculum must train participants wisely, since all i i i l i bili i j lik h iparticipants represent various learning abilities, just like their 

students‐to‐be.

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Pre‐service ProgramsPre service Programs

Must train participants for all levels of studentMust train participants for all levels of student ability. When training to work with Tiers 1, 2, and 3 participants understand deficienciesand 3, participants understand deficiencies and repair student weaknesses. The idea is to take tier 1 students into independenttake tier 1 students  into independent learning, tier 2 students to the tier 1 level, and tier 3 students to a tier 2 or 1 level using thetier 3 students to a tier 2 or 1 level using the most expedient process.

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Best Pedagogy and Professional ibili i i l i l dResponsibilities Curriculum includes...

• all grade levels so that participants understand a g ade e e s so t at pa t c pa ts u de sta dstudent characteristics at different ages and how to teach to the highest level possible for each 

dstudent;• theory with practical application and analysis of HOW t d t l d HOW t h tHOW students learn and HOW teachers must adapt to changing environments with flexibility;

• using technology to work with different ability• using technology to work with different ability groups for best use of student and teacher time; 

• training students to think!training students to think!

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Planning Effective LessonsPlanning Effective Lessons

• Start with data regarding what students know soStart with data regarding what students know so that time is effectively used for what they do not know and connecting knowledge and skills.g g

• Combine cross‐disciplinary elements so students can start making learning relevant andcan start making learning relevant and understand the “big picture” views.

• Differentiate, ormodify how students deal withDifferentiate, or modify how students deal with the knowledge and skills to add meaning and clarification to their brain picture.p

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Teacher Expectations of StudentsTeacher Expectations of Students

Teachers must know the difference in skill and ability measures for each age/class level and determine the BEST way to present information toage/class level and determine the BEST way to present information to students in various ways with the expectation that students CAN learn the material and progress toward internalization and ability to connect and apply information to improve problem‐solving abilities. This is the difficult, yet most important, step for teachers and students.yet most important, step for teachers and students.

• Students want to be successful: teachers take these students from “where they are” to “as close to their potential as possible.”

• Students must be accountable for their learning: teachers scaffold and take away the excuses and train students to take responsibility.

• Parents can be a major player: teachers work with parents to help students achieve, improve confidence and behavior.

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Reading StrategiesReading Strategies

Teaching students to read is a huge task thatTeaching students to read is a huge task that pre‐service participants must master before teaching elementary school However allteaching elementary school. However, all student levels will involve students with limited English proficiency and/or rich‐textlimited English proficiency and/or rich text backgrounds. All pre‐service teachers need to train in reading vocabulary andtrain in reading, vocabulary, and communication (written and spoken).

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Cognitive Learningg gCognitive processes include creating mental representations of physical objects and events, and other forms of information processing.

• While attending a MMR conference in Austin, I saw HOW students can visualize, commit to memory, and really LEARN concepts for all academic areas, not just math. 

• When any of us learn, we store that information in a mental file, ready to access IF WE HAVE REALLY LEARNED IT. 

• Pre‐service teachers should know several different cognitive learning techniques. 

13 52 9126 65 10439 78 117

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TeamingTeaming

Working together for student progress is a keyWorking together for student progress is a key to education. Pre‐service teachers will work with other teachers staff specialists andwith other teachers, staff, specialists, and administration, so teaching the team‐based learning strategies are essential Grouplearning strategies are essential. Group projects, mutual decision‐making, accountability and experimentation provide aaccountability, and experimentation provide a practical basis for pre‐service teachers to use in classroomsin classrooms.

Page 22: Integrating CCR Standards into Teacher Training Programs · 2011. 3. 10. · linked to their teachers, to measure teacher effectiveness. • Suggestions include: Stress teacher accountability

Questioning StrategiesBloom’s Taxonomy is still used as a foundation for student learning. Suggestions for developing better questioning skills: 

• Talk less but ask more. • Analyze your questions. • Use more divergent questions. • Reduce the number of questions that can be answered by only "yes" or "no." • Ask more questions to discover multi‐talents. • Do not stop the discussion with the right answer. • Increase wait‐time between asking and answering questions to at least five seconds. • Provide good halting times and silence when needed. • Develop sensitive listening techniques. • Ask questions appropriate to the developmental level. • Provide direct instruction with interesting materials. • Model good questioning skills and answers. • Create an atmosphere of trust and encourage questions. • Include authentic student questions later in the lesson, quiz, or assignments. • Respond in an encouraging way. • Help children improve their questioning skills. 

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All‐Tier TrainingAll Tier Training

• Preparing lessons has changed into diff i i f d h d hdifferentiating for students who do not have the foundations from those who need some 

i d h h d drepair and others who need to advance at a faster level within the classroom. Starting with 

d d i i l k i hstudent data is essential to knowing where to start.

Page 24: Integrating CCR Standards into Teacher Training Programs · 2011. 3. 10. · linked to their teachers, to measure teacher effectiveness. • Suggestions include: Stress teacher accountability

Tier 1 StudentsTier 1 Students

• These students need minor tweaks in theirThese students need minor tweaks in their foundation and ability to move forward independently. Checking mastery of TEKS objectives shows minor issues that can be immediately corrected by filling in the cracks.

• Behavioral or learning concerns must then be studied.

• Student reception by auditory, visual, or kinesthetic delivery must be addressed.

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Tier 2 StudentsTier 2 Students

• These students usually have missed or missingThese students usually have missed or missing connections and need more than tweaks in their content backgroundtheir content background.

• Motivation, engagement, attendance, and confidence must be addressed Meeting withconfidence must be addressed. Meeting with parents or caregivers is recommended, so that a team approach provides assistance by aa team approach provides assistance by a number of stakeholders.

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Tier 3 StudentsTier 3 Students• Helping these students to finally internalize the content 

essentials builds success, confidence, and hope for students , , pwho have fallen behind. Tutoring programs and remediation such as “Making Math Real” will often result in huge differences in ability and engagement, allowing tier 3 students to leave the dysfunctional world they have known so long and move forward.

• Re‐writing state exam questions helps students to learn the essentials without being distracted by vocabulary and extra details. Then, students can complete exam questions by p q yunderstanding the question and different disguises.

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CCR for Elementary and Middle School Students?y

• CCR really means that students see school as a place to grow, learn, make mistakes and correct errors, and develop intellectually As students completedevelop intellectually. As students complete requirements for each grade, the foundation in elementary school then becomes the basis for problem solving. Students are preparing for college by learning and honing skills.

• Keeping standards high and repairing scaffolding• Keeping standards high and repairing, scaffolding, and engaging students becomes key in establishing the intellectual learning environment.

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Are you serious? What yhave we been doing for the last 50 years?the last 50 years?

Activity 2: Comprehension AcrossComprehension Across the Curriculum

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How has reading expository text been taught in the past?g p y g p

• Reading selections without making connections.• Reading for facts and answering lower level questions 

(knowledge and comprehension).• Students reading in isolation without determining what they• Students reading in isolation without determining what they 

understand (or don’t understand).• Expecting students to understand vocabulary and extraneous 

i f ti i t d l tiinformation as printed on sample exam questions.• Assessing students after completion of a unit or six weeks 

exam only to find that re‐teaching is necessary.• Reteaching and focusing on exam format.

Re‐teaching is a symptom of material not internalized or recorded in the brain.

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Sample Curriculum Refinementp

Teach all pre‐service participants to plan lessons that address all student abilities and provide meaningful formative assessment and tweaking as needed.

§110.20. English Language Arts and Reading, Grade 8,  from TEKS – English Language Arts and Reading [UT/TEA binder, August 2009]

(10) Reading/Comprehension Skills.  Students use a flexible range of metacognitive reading skills in both assigned and independent reading to understand an author’s message. Students will continueboth assigned and independent reading to understand an author s message. Students will continue to apply earlier standards with greater depth in increasingly more complex texts as they become self‐directed, critical readers. Students are expected to:(A) establish purposes for reading selected texts based upon own or others’ desired outcome to enhance comprehension;(B) ask literal interpretive evaluative and universal questions of text;(B) ask literal, interpretive, evaluative, and universal questions of text;(C) reflect on understanding to monitor comprehension (eg, summarizing and synthesizing, making textual, personal, and world connections; creating sensory images; (D) make complex inferences about text and use textual evidence to support understanding;(E) summarize, paraphrase, and synthesize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order ithi t t d t t dwithin a text and across texts; and

(F) Make inter‐textual links among and across texts, including other media (eg, film, play, and provide textual evidence.

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(10) Reading/Comprehension Skills.  Students use a flexible range of metacognitive reading skills in both assigned and independent reading to understand an author’s message. Students will 

continue to apply earlier standards with greater depth in increasingly more complex texts as theycontinue to apply earlier standards with greater depth in increasingly more complex texts as they become self‐directed, critical readers. 

Tier 3 (and perhaps tier 2) students have difficulty reading fictional, informative, or expository text. One example:

Break down reading assignments into sections that students can focus onBreak down reading assignments into sections that students can focus on facts and details. Students work in pairs with sticky notes to analyze sections. One student summarizes the section on a sticky while the other student provides factual data and details that will support the summary.student provides factual data and details that will support the summary. Once a section or two are completed, students put sticky notes in order on a sheet of paper and read through their analysis to then make an inference.  Several pairs of students can then discuss findings and determine conclusions and connections.

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(10) (A) establish purposes for reading selected texts based upon own or others’ desired outcome to enhance comprehension;others  desired outcome to enhance comprehension;

I suggest this book because:

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10 (B) ask literal, interpretive, evaluative, and universal questions of text;

• Literal ‐ A question that can be answered directly from the text. The answer is already there if you can identify it. 

• Inferential ‐ A question that cannot be answered straight from the text. You need to think about it and read over the text to see if the answer fits with the rest of the text. The text only tells you hints and clues. 

• Evaluative ‐ Evaluative questions are very similar to inferential questions. However, Evaluative sums up the text and asks you to judge something of the text such as; the meaning, truth, answer, opinion and etc. 

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10 A: Summarize the main ideas, supporting details, and relationships among ideas in text succinctly in ways that maintain meaning and logical orderideas in text succinctly in ways that maintain meaning and logical order

• The previous technique takes care of supporting idea and logical d O t d t b k d th ti d k iorder. Once students break down the sections and keep in 

sequential order, they then see how other partners performed the same strategy, and how the pieces flow together to make meaning of an idea or process. Students then have a “graphic organizer” or p g p gpicture that helps them understand information, see the parts and the whole, and apply to assignments that challenge their ability to take in the extensive information. 

• Summarization is another skill that must be taught. One strategy is to complete a graphic organizer over the entire chapter. Learning to read headings and sub‐headings helps students to determineread headings and sub headings helps students to determine connections between ideas and to self‐correct mistakes they have previously made when faced with a large task.

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10 A: Summarize the main ideas, supporting details, and relationships among ideas in text succinctly in ways that maintain meaning and logical orderideas in text succinctly in ways that maintain meaning and logical order

• The previous technique takes care of supporting idea and logical d O t d t b k d th ti d k iorder. Once students break down the sections and keep in 

sequential order, they then see how other partners performed the same strategy, and how the pieces flow together to make meaning of an idea or process. Students then have a “graphic organizer” or p g p gpicture that helps them understand information, see the parts and the whole, and apply to assignments that challenge their ability to take in the extensive information. 

• Summarization is another skill that must be taught. One strategy is to complete a graphic organizer over the entire chapter. Learning to read headings and sub‐headings helps students to determineread headings and sub headings helps students to determine connections between ideas and to self‐correct mistakes they have previously made when faced with a large task.

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10 (B) Distinguish factual claims from commonplace assertions and opinions and evaluate inferences from their logic in text

Fact versus opinion must be taught so that students understand the difference, based on factual information. Taking one section of a controversial text and having student pairs identify the facts from the opinions, backing their findings with material from (or not based on) the text can help students understand how to infer from facts and exclude illogical assertions. 

Progressing to several pairs of students or a large‐group discussion then provides the intellectual environment of questioning and determining LOGIC throughout the yearyear.

Inductive and deductive reasoning helps students analyze arguments and evaluate all outcomes.

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10 (B) Distinguish factual claims from commonplace assertions and opinions and evaluate inferences from their logic in text

Fact versus opinion must be taught so that students understand the difference, based on factual information. Taking one section of a controversial text and having student pairs identify the facts from the opinions, backing their findings with material from (or not based on) the text can help students understand how to infer from facts and exclude illogical assertions. 

Progressing to several pairs of students or a large‐group discussion then provides the intellectual environment of questioning and determining LOGIC throughout the yearyear.

Inductive and deductive reasoning helps students analyze arguments and evaluate all outcomes.

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10 (C) Make subtle inferences and draw complex conclusions about the ideas in text and their organizational patterns

Teaching inference is key for students to understand what they g f y f ysee and observe. 

Science: [water freezes at a certain temperature, so 32° means that precipitation will freeze and become ice or snow ]precipitation will freeze and become ice or snow.]

Math: [break down multiplication tables to see patterns that help establish relationships between factors that are multiplied, added, subtracted, or divided]divided]

Social Studies: [lack of food, water, housing, and peace cause unrest in any country, having studied various cultures and history]

English: [making connections between ideas in expository text andEnglish: [making connections between ideas in expository text and determining fact vs opinion vs logic provides a basis for observation and conclusion]

Page 39: Integrating CCR Standards into Teacher Training Programs · 2011. 3. 10. · linked to their teachers, to measure teacher effectiveness. • Suggestions include: Stress teacher accountability

10 (C) Make subtle inferences and draw complex conclusions about the ideas in text and their organizational patterns

Teaching inference is key for students to understand what they g f y f ysee and observe. 

Science: [water freezes at a certain temperature, so 32° means that precipitation will freeze and become ice or snow ]precipitation will freeze and become ice or snow.]

Math: [break down multiplication tables to see patterns that help establish relationships between factors that are multiplied, added, subtracted, or divided]divided]

Social Studies: [lack of food, water, housing, and peace cause unrest in any country, having studied various cultures and history]

English: [making connections between ideas in expository text andEnglish: [making connections between ideas in expository text and determining fact vs opinion vs logic provides a basis for observation and conclusion]

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10 (D) Synthesize and make logical connections between ideas within a text and across two or three texts representing similar or different genres and support those 

findings with textual evidence.

• Using the techniques described in this curriculum refinement g q(slides 22‐27) allows students to see large, big ideas that connect beyond a single fact to become part of a larger realm.

[Julius Caesar was the emperor of the Roman Empire after rising to his high position (social studies) Howafter rising to his high position (social studies) . How large was the empire at the height, and how many Romans were needed to sustain empire needs(math and science). Why did Shakespeare write a play about “The Tragedy of Julius Caesar”? Why is Caesar important to the present time? (English)]the present time? (English)]

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10 (D) Synthesize and make logical connections between ideas within a text and across two or three texts representing similar or different genres and support those 

findings with textual evidence.

• Using the techniques described in this curriculum refinement g q(slides 22‐27) allows students to see large, big ideas that connect beyond a single fact to become part of a larger realm.

[Julius Caesar was the emperor of the Roman Empire after rising to his high position (social studies) Howafter rising to his high position (social studies) . How large was the empire at the height, and how many Romans were needed to sustain empire needs(math and science). Why did Shakespeare write a play about “The Tragedy of Julius Caesar”? Why is Caesar important to the present time? (English)]the present time? (English)]

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Easy Fixes?Easy Fixes?

• Study current curriculum to see where the y“intellectual climate” meets REALITY so that pre‐service teachers have a practical understanding of school and student conditions. 

• Challenge them to repair, encourage and increase student abilities. 

• Add changes to your curriculum as pre‐service g y pteachers plan lessons and work with students before and during internship.

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College and Career ReadinessCollege and Career Readiness

• Standards guide educational community toStandards guide educational community to work smarter at educating students for real‐world life.

• Use resources to craft and constantly revise expectations for students and their teachers.

• Ensure that teachers – and their students –have the resources and tools for thinking, reflection, repair, scaffolding, and modifications needed to implement learning.

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References

Conley, David T. Redefining College Readiness. EPIC (Educational Policy Improvement Center). 2007 (http://www.epiconline.org)

Crowe,  Edward. Measuring What Matters: A stronger Accountability Model for Teacher Education. 2010. (http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/07/teacher_accountability.html) 

Dana Center Questioning Strategies http://www utdanacenter org/mathtoolkit/support/questioning phpDana Center. Questioning Strategies. http://www.utdanacenter.org/mathtoolkit/support/questioning.php

Duncan and Cavender. Writing in Color with Character: The Process that  Works! 1999.

EPIC (Educational Policy Improvement Center). Texas College Readiness Standards. Jan. 24, 2008.

Haugen, Lee. Suggestions for Leading Small Group Discussions. http://www.celt.iastate.edu/teaching/small_group.html

Questioning Strategies. http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/question2.html

TEKS f Middl S h l E li h // / / / /TEKS for Middle School English. http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter110/ch110b.html

Teaching Large. UT. http://magenta.cit.utexas.edu/largeclasses

University of Texas System/Texas  Education Agency. English Language Arts and Reading, Spanish Language Arts and Reading Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills August 2009Spanish Language Arts and Reading Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills. August 2009.

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