Integrated Pest Management-Report

7/30/2019 Integrated Pest Management-Report

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INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

FOR

NORTHERN MELBOURNE

INSTITUTE

OF

TAFE

GREENSBOROUGH CAMPUS

MANAGE PLANT HEALTH


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INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

PLAN

FOR NMIT CAMPUS

GREENSBOROUGH

PREPARED FOR CHRIS BERGEMANN&

KIRAN BRICKS

SUBMISSION DATE: NOVEMBER 2008

WRITTEN BY: INAMDAR PARTH DAKSHESH

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ContentsContents..............................................................................................................................................4

Mission Statement...............................................................................................................................6

Introduction.........................................................................................................................................7

Policy statement..................................................................................................................................8Site Analysis.......................................................................................................................................9

Main Entrance...................................................................................................................................10

Low pH Preferencial Garden............................................................................................................12

......................................................................................................................................................14

Native Garden...................................................................................................................................14

Mixed shrubbery...............................................................................................................................17

Lawn Area: .......................................................................................................................................19

Amphitheatre.....................................................................................................................................21

Child Care Centre.............................................................................................................................23

Car Park............................................................................................................................................25

Staff and Visitors car park (Car park A).......................................................................................25Staff car park (Car park B)............................................................................................................27

Student Car Park...........................................................................................................................30

Courtyard..........................................................................................................................................31

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)..................................................................................................33

An overview of Integrated Pest Management...................................................................................33

Managing Plant Health.....................................................................................................................34

Applied Controls:..........................................................................................................................34

Host Resistance: ...........................................................................................................................34

WEED MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................................36

Application........................................................................................................................................37

Control Strategies for Pest and Diseases:.........................................................................................38Appendix...........................................................................................................................................45

Weed List......................................................................................................................................46

..........................................................................................................................................................48

Reference..........................................................................................................................................49

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Mission StatementNorthern Melbourne Institute of TAFE (NMIT) has a commitment towards providing awork environment, where students and employees can meet their potential, while thrivingin an atmosphere of educational excellence. NMIT acknowledges its obligation toensuring it adheres and promotes environmentally sustainable and economically viable

management practices that reflect industry best practices.

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IntroductionThe studies regarding the development of the Integrated Pest Management Reportinitiated by the starting of the year Feb 2008.Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE.Greensborough campus is a leading Institute fin providing education and trainingprogramme in the west region of Melbourne. The Institute is located 25 km in north-east

of Melbourne. This report fulfils the requirement for ground maintenance and IntegratedPest Management of the Greensborough campus and associated Child Care Centre. Thegrounds are also associated with significant asset along with the training commitment.

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Policy statement

Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE recognises the need to design and implement afully Integrated Pest Management (IPM) policy and program.

The Institute will provide the necessary resources to carry out its responsibilities underthis policy. NMIT recognises that these responsibilities are primarily to ensure that:

No pest management activity adversely impacts on the wider community and the

environment;

Ongoing investigation and development of alternative, non-chemical means to

combat pests are formally adopted into pest management practices.

The policy aims to maximise the use of various strategies and controls. Including

chemicals which must play a supportive, rather than a disruptive role.

IPM does not mean simply switching from chemical pesticides to organic pesticides. Nordoes it mean eliminating the use of all chemical pesticides completely. Underpinning thisphilosophy is implementing a holistic approach to pest management that consider risksand environmental consequences of our actions.

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Site AnalysisThe Greensborough campus has been being divided into sites, according to its aestheticvalue and perspective use of it. Along with this section of the report it specifies briefdescription regarding the site and its usage.

The Greensborough Campus has been divided into sites based on criteria that includes:

Aesthetic value

Key Vegetation

Size

Physical boundaries

Maintenance standards

Based for the criteria outline the following sites were established

Low pH preferred plants Area

Native garden

Lawn area

Cypress area

Main entrance

Mixed shrubbery

Court yard

Amphitheatre

Car park

To assist in the development of this IPM plan, a comprehensive site analysis wasundertaken. The objective was the site analysis was to determine the accurate status wasplant health and maintenance standard and identify potential maintenance problems.

Based on the data collected and presented in the following section of the report,strategies have been developed that meet the IPM principle use for the basis of thereport.

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Main Entrance

N

Bin

Light

Sign board

Water tab

Direction

Garden bed

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DescriptionThe Main Entrance is located to the Northeast of the campus and functions as the mainfocal point for visitors. It contains reasonably well maintained shrubberies.This garden is made for the aesthetic purpose, i.e. to increase the beauty of the campus,as it is the main entrance the paving would be the most important criteria along with theplants selection. Entry is via a number of access points, servicing the staff car park to the

east main road and the car park to the north.Exposed to hot northerly wind during summer. Concrete wall along the western gardenmay contribute to plant damage caused by reflective heat.

Soil properties

The pH level of the garden is 6.5, which is good for the plants like this. Soil is notcompacted. The soil type is Sandy Clay Loam, with following compositions:

Sand 40%Clay 40%

Loam 20%

Key VegetationMost of the plants over here are drought and frost tolerant, very well maintained at thepriority level.

Ophiopogon japonicusHymenosporum flvumGazania sp

HemerocallisSantolina chamaecyparissusNandina domestica nanaColeonema pulchrumBrachychiton acerifolium

Plant Health Status:

Insects: Some plants are infested by Aphids

Diseases: Poplar trees are infested by poplar rust.

Weeds: Sonchus oleraceus

Oxalis latifolia

Polypogon monspeliensis

Taraxacum officinale

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Low pH Preferencial Garden

DescriptionIt is situated between building A & B. This site is favourable for all the Acid loving soilplants. The garden is flat and it represents the aesthetic value as well as it provides the

person a quite time in an outdoor location. The students sitting in the canteen have anattractive view. It is particularly recognized as the focal point between the buildings. Asthis site has been surrounded by the landscape it provides a very soft look to the site.After the tiring sessions students as well as the staff can relax in this garden. There iscement pathway at the periphery of the garden. And also there is a gravel pathway, whichis present in the middle of the acid loving garden, which divides the garden in to twodifferent beds. There is also a sitting arrangement present in the corner of the garden.Its full of acid loving plants as well as there is a pathway for building B to go for cafeteria.As it is situated between the buildings, it is not expose to winds and the full sun, semishade is present.

SOIL ANALYSES:

Soil pH is 7.0-7.5

Which is too alkaline for the low pH plants.

Preferred soil pH is 6.0-6.5.

The infiltration rate is 47mm/55 seconds which is very good drainage of the soil.

KEY VEGETATION:Rhododendron macrophyllum

Azalea spp.

Aspidistra elatior

Anemone hupehensis

Lagerstroemia indica

Nandina domestica

Loropetalum chinensis

Helleborus orientalis

Gardenia augusta

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Plant Health Status

Insects: Red spider mite

Aphids

snails

Weeds:Taraxacum officinale

Galium aparine

Oxalis latifolia

Diseases: Powdery mildew

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Native Garden

DescriptionNative garden is situated near the tools room; on the slope, along the road edge. Nativeplants being planted for the visual perspective.It is undulating and elevated, with a hard landscaping aesthetic value. There is also a typeof crazy paving along with the sitting arrangements for the students, and for the staff. It isan open area with high wind and sun exposure. Best conditions for the native plants to

grow.

Soil Conditions: The infiltration rate is 5cm in 1min and 30 seconds.The pH level is about 6.

Key vegetation:

Callistemon vimminalis

Eucalyptus caesia

Themeda triandra

Garden bed

Bin

Seat

Bamboo fence

Pedestrian path

Pedestrian path

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Eriostemon australasius

Eragrostis curvula

Eremophila maculate

Poa labillardieri

Corymbia maculata

Eriostemon myoporoides

Plant health status:Insects : Lerp insects in eucalyptus

Scales

Snails

Disease: Ink Spot in Kangaroo paw

Sooty mould in EucalyptusWeeds: Poa annua

Plantago lanceolata

Euphorbia peplus

Sonchus oleraceus

Arctotheca calendula

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Garden bed

Bin

Pedestrian

pathwayDirection

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Mixed shrubberyDescription:This garden basically we can say the ornamental bed, the wind runs at a considerablerate. The present condition of the garden is comparatively well maintained. The problemwe can say for the mulch, some more mulch needs to be applied. And pruning needs to

be done. This area is having full sun, most of the day; the bed gets protection by thebuildings. If we talk about the hard landscape features like paving surfaces, there isconcrete paving in the middle of the garden. Sitting arrangements are also developed forthe students and for the staff members. This comprises of one designed iron bench. Nowabout the edge treatments, one edge of the garden is attached to the building B, other toa concrete path, all the other side are exposed. As to keep the environment healthy thereare also bins being kept at various positions. This area is presently used to increase theaesthetic value of the building and it also helps the students study about different plantsand identifies them.

Key vegetation

Choisya ternate

Magnolia grandiflora

Correa reflexa

Cornus capitata

Clivia spp.

Nandina domestica

Brachychiton acerifolium

Monstera deliciosa

Aucuba japonica

Omalanthus nutans

Vitis coignetiae

Euphorbia characias

Feijoa sellowiana

Soil analysis:pH level is 6.5The soil in this garden is clayey.

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Plant Health Status

Insects:SnailsSlugs

Aphids

BeetlesDiseases: Poplar rust in poplar trees, Sooty mould in Eucalyptus

Weeds: Silybum marianumPlantago lanceolataOxalis corniculataTaraxacum officinaleArctotheca calendulaSonchus oleraceus

Garden bed

Pathway

Seat

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Lawn Area:

Description:It is present in front of NMIT campus, very large open area where full sunlight is available,favourable conditions for lawn. It is elevated. It provides ornamental value to the campus;it is mainly used as a hang out area for the students during summer days. Best for theevents, and during any campus ceremony. Best place for visual prospective. It is highlyinfested of all varieties of weeds; this area being divided by cypress plantation, along withthis poplars hedge is also present. Too steep for different plantation. Best drainage isprovided. Exposure of wind and full sun shine. Very little use of this site because it is toosteep, so the boundary of activities are restricted. Used for weed identification. Also usedby the student, during summer for a hangout. It has no paving or cement paving features,there is no sitting arrangements for the students. There is Poplar Avenue along the lawnarea.

Key Vegetation:Eucalyptus maculataCupressus macrocarpa

Acacia elongata

Populus nigra Italica

Themeda triandra

Corymbia maculata

Soil Analysis: The pH of the soil is 6, and the infiltration rate of the lawn area is 3-5cm in3min and 35 seconds.

Plant health Status:

Weeds: Plantago lanceolataOxalis corniculataEhrharta erectaEchium plantagineum

Arctotheca calendulaTaraxacum officinale

Insects: SnailsBeetlesLeaf hopper

Diseases: Poplar rust in poplar trees

Cypress canker in cypress trees

Sooty mould in Eucalyptus

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Amphitheatre

Description: It is situated at the backside of cafeteria in building A.It is the terracedgarden, with variety of plants grown there. The site is highly possessing ornamentalvalue, and it performs the various functional uses such as student activities andevents.Best for the events and college ceremony, for students hangout and also fortaking lunch and it is the best place for smokers. Best place to sit during summer season.Benches are available to sit with comfort.Paving is not properly designed. Presence ofnoxious weeds and other types of weeds. Poplars are present around the periphery of thesitting arrangement. Wind exposure is good and semi shade is also available.Mainlyused by the students for their lunch. It is also highly preferred by the smokers. Fordifferent ceremony and events. Best place for the students to attend or to perform anyactivities or events. A good place for the students and also for the staff to enjoy the warmsummer days. More balanced plantations can be done. Change of variety

And all types of modification is possible in this particular site.

Soil Analysis: The infiltration rate is about 47mm in 50 seconds.The pH is about 8.5.

Key vegetation:

Coleonema pulchrum

Canna indica

Abelia grandiflora

Cercis siliquastrum

Lavandula dentata

Agapanthus orientalis

Stachys byzantine

Solanum xanthocarpum

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Plant health status:Weeds: Plantago lanceolata

Silybum marianumOxalis corniculata

Arctotheca calendula

Taraxacum officinaleInsects: SnailsSlugsBeetles

Disease: Poplar rust in poplar trees

Sooty mould in Eucalyptus

Sooty mould inCercis siliquastrum

Garden bed

Fence

Bin

Cigarette bin

Seat

TreeLight

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Child Care Centre

Description: The Child Care Centre is located at the Southwest side of the campus. Fromthe entrance it is on the left hand side of the Civic Drive. The elevation of the site is from

North to South and the key vegetation of the site is the native plants. It provides aestheticvalue as well as enhances the visual perception for people arriving on campus as well ason Child Care Centre.

Key vegetation:

Correa baeuerlenii Chefs Cap

Acacia cognate

Lambertia formosa

Correa alba

Leptospermum rotundifolia

Grevillea lanigera dwarf

Melaleuca fulgens

Prostanthera rotundifolia

Rosa spp.

Callistemon vimminalis

Pulchrum aurea

Soil Analysis:

pH is 6. The infiltration rate of garden soil is 8 mm in 5 mins.


Weeds: Plantago lanceolataArctotheca calendulaSonchus oleraceusSilybum marianum

Insects: Aphids in Rosa spp.ThripsSnails

Diseases: Black sooty mouldBlack spot in rose

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N

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Car Park

Description:

The following car park can be divided in to three different areas such as:

1. Staff and Visitors car park (Car park A)

2. Staff car park (Car park B)

3. Student car park (Car park C)

Staff and Visitors car park (Car park A)

Description:

This car park is located at the Northeast side of the campus near the main entrance. Thisparking is only for the campus staff and visitors. It is exposed to sun and it possess thehedge of Cypress trees.

Soil analysis:

The soil pH is 6.5 in planting area.

The infiltration rate of soil is 47 mm in 50 seconds.

Clay loam soil

Key Vegetation:

Cupressus macrocarpaEucalyptus maculataPopulus nigra ItalicaAgapanthus orientalis


Weeds: Hypochoeris radicataPlantago lanceolataSonchus oleraceousOxalis corniculata

Insects: SnailsScales

Diseases: Poplar rust in Populus nigra ItalicaCypress canker in Cupressus macrocarpa

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Garden bed

Light

Sign board of GiveWay

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Staff car park (Car park B)

Description: This car park is located at the north side of the Campus. This car parking isadjoining both entrance of Campus . This parking area is for students, campus staff anddisabled persons. It is exposed to the cool southerly winds and screening with Cypresstrees and with concrete edging.

Soil Analysis: Soil pH is 6.0 in planting area.Clay loam soil

Key Vegetation:

Artemisia arborescens

Santolina spp.

Cupressus macrocarpa

Calendula officinalis

Rosa spp.

Eschscholzia californica

Rosmarinus officinalis

Acacia floribunda


Weeds: Sonchus oleraceous

Insects: Aphids in Rosa spp.Snails

Diseases: Cypress canker in Cupressus macrocarpa

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Light

Sign board of Give Way

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Student Car Park

Description: This car park is located at the Southwest side of the campus. It is near theentrance from Civic Drive. This parking area is divided in four terraced sections. Thisparking area is for students. Its a low profile area, surrounded by Cypress tress, elevationis from North to South.

Soil Analysis: Clay loam soil in garden beds, 6.0 6.5 pH in planting area.

Key Vegetation:

Cupressus macrocarpaPopulus nigra ItalicaEucalyptus maculatePlumbago auriculataColeonema pulchrum

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CourtyardDescription: It is just situated behind the student lounge of building B. We can alsoconsider it as student lounge garden by the car park. It is a flat ornamental garden, withlots of varieties of ferns and hanging plants. This site is specifically is in good situation Incomparison to other sites. Lots of ornamental plantations is being done. Sitting

arrangements are pretty well for the students as well as for the staff members. There areseveral hanging pots present on this site. There is also a small water feature, in this site.Semi shaded area and also less exposed to wind. Mainly used by the students for theirlunch.

Key Vegetation:Gingko biloba

Omalanthus nutans

Nephrolepis cordifolia

Agave attenuata

Viola hederacea

Pistia stratiotes

Soil Analysis: Soil pH is 6.0-6.5 in planting area


No major Weeds or Diseases are detected.

Insects: SnailsSlugsAphidsBeetles

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

It is strategy which encourages the reduction of pesticide use by employing a variety ofpest control options in combination to contain or manage pests below their economicinjury levels. These options include:

Biological control Cultural control

Varietal selection

Chemical control.

An overview of Integrated Pest Management

Understanding pest life cycles

Monitoring pest population levels

Predicting pest population levels

Natural controls

Biological control

Cultural control

Host resistance

Physical control

Chemical control.

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Managing Plant Health

Whenever you try to control a pest, you will want to achieve one of these three goals or acombination of them:

1) Prevention - keeping a pest from becoming a problem. Prevention is possible wherepests are predictable under certain circumstances.

2) Suppression - reducing pest numbers or damage to an acceptable level. Suppressionis a common goal in many situations.The intent is to keep the number of pests below an acceptable level to prevent damage.

3) Eradication - destroying an entire pest population. Eradication is very difficult andoften impossible in outdoor situations. Often, prevention and suppression are applied

together to control a pest.

Applied Controls:Host resistanceBiological controlMechanical controlChemical control

Host Resistance:1) Chemicals in the host repel the pest or prevent the pest from completing its life cycle;

2) The host is more vigorous or tolerant than other varieties and thus less likely to beseriously damaged by pest attacks, and;3) The host has physical characteristics that make it more difficult to attack.

Biological control:Involves the use of natural enemiesparasites, predators, and pathogens.Biological control usually does not eradicate a pest. The degree of control fluctuates.There is a time lag between a pest populations increase and a corresponding increase innatural control. But, under proper conditions, sufficient control can be achieved toeliminate the threat to the plant or animal to be protected.

Mechanical control:Alter the environment, the host plant or animal, and the pest through use of physicalcontrols. Traps, screens, barriers, fences, nets, radiation, and electricity sometimes areused to prevent the spread of pests. Lights, heat, and refrigeration can alter theenvironment enough to suppress or eradicate some pest populations. Altering the amountof water, including humidity, can control some pests, especially insects and diseaseagents.

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Chemical control:To destroy pests, control their activities, or prevent them from causing damage iscommonplace. Some pesticides either attract or repel pests. Chemicals that regulateplant growth or remove foliage also are classified as pesticides. Disinfectants and othercommon household chemicals are classified as pesticides as well. Pesticides aregenerally the fastest way to control pests.

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WEED MANAGEMENT

Weed management is the most important feature that is being taken in to consideration inthe report along with the Pest management, because weed is one of the major pest canbe found easily. Many procedures and methods are available to manage the effects of

weeds.

The most effective means of weed control are

Prevention,

Early detection,

Eradication,

In the event that weeds become established, procedures and methods for

weed control are available to reduce their impact.

Once the initial infestation is controlled, follow-up monitoring and control is required toensure that reinfestation does not occur.

The most effective method of dealing with weeds.

Once a weed has entered an area and become established, eradication is

far more expensive.

The first step in weed prevention--- preventing the entry of weed. Oneshould take the steps well in advance for the control of the weeds. Thesteps should be taken early in the stages when their is less number ofweeds are present.

Early detection and eradication requires an awareness and understanding of the factorsthat favour the establishment and spread of weeds, and applying appropriatemanagement practices that can prevent or reduce the risks

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Application A pest is defined anything that causes, nuisance or annoyance. One should understand the level of impact caused by the pest and think, that

whether the following procedure is worth or not.

The problem always vary, sometimes it can be expensive and dangerous while on

the other hand it can be with much less priority.

The problem with higher priority, it demands quick effective control.

Monitoring:

Regular observation is the cornerstone of IPM. Visual inspection, insect and spore traps,and other measurement methods are used to monitor pest levels. Record-keeping isessential.

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Control Strategies for Pest and Diseases:

Aphids

They are the common pest in gardens. They are the sap sucking insects, and theydevelop the colonies within short period of time. Aphids mainly affect the parts of plantslike flower buds, shoots and defoliation of the plant.

Cultural Control

The fertilizer with low nitrogen percentage should be sprayed. The frequency of the application for the fertilizer should be lowered.

Forceful spray of water is often enough.

Squashing a few aphids around the infested plants releases chemical signal

makes the other aphids drop from the plants.

Biological Control

Ladybirds are the natural predators for the aphids.

The another biological control agent isAphidius colemani

The other predators such as, hoverflies and their larvae, Lace wings and smallbirds.

Chemical control

Try a barrier of Powder Charcoal, Calcium dust, Bonemeal.

Use spray made from tea of tomato or potato leaves and water.

Bayer Confidor Plant Insecticide Aerosol, plants absorb the chemical and it is

transported to the other parts of plants, and it controls the other pest and insects.

Yates Folimat Garden Insecticide, it is not appropriate to spray during rain or

forceful winds.

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The spray of petroleum oil will affect the thrips.

Yates Bug Gun is a low toxic insecticide based on natural pyrethrum daisy extract

to control thrips. Spray as soon as insects are visible and repeat at weekly

intervals or as required.

Scale

Scale insects are typically small, averaging about 2-3 mm in length. They feed by suckingsap from plant tissue, Severe infestations of scale insects can result in defoliation andretardation of the plants growth and even in the death of the plant.They affect the plants including ferns, conifers and flowering plants

Cultural Control

Spray oil or soap water.

Remove the affected part of the plant.

Wipe the affected part of the plant, by using the cloth.

Biological Control

The Scale Eating Ladybird (Rhyzobius lophanthae) and lacewings are also used to

control scales.

The waspsAphytis melinus,Aphytis lignanensis, and Comperiella spp. are used to

control scale insects.

Chemical Control

Natrasoap is a soap spray made from potassium derived from vegetable oils. It

works by blocking the insects breathing pores and dissolving its outer covering,resulting in dehydration.

Do not apply, when temperatures are above 30C. Application rate is 10-20 ml per

litre of water.

Red Spider Mite

They affect the plants by feeding the chlorophyll, they are yellowish-green with two darkspots on their back, while in autumn it turns reddish-orange, thei common name is redspider.

Cultural Control

Prune the affected part of the plant, and remove it if it is highly infected.

Use the high pressure water spray and also with appropriate irrigation.

Shack the shoots regularly.

Biological Control

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To control it large numbers of predators are present such as,

Phytoseiulus persimilisTyphlodromus occidentalisHoverflies

Black ladybird Stethorus spp.Predatory Thrips

Chemical Control

Use dormant oil at regular intervals

Spray of insecticidal soap water to the affected area of the plant, 3-4times a week.

Beetles

They are responsible for severe physical disorder of the plant, such as die back and anddefoliation of the plant.

Cultural Control

Remove infested plants

Manual handling is preferable for the easy knock off for the beetles.

Dont do planting in the infested soil.

Biological Control

Predators like flies feed on them.

Chemical Control

Use Confidor (imidacloprid) and dimethoate at( 400g/L) to control beetles.

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Leaf hopper

Leafhoppers are sapsuckers which feed on the leaves, twigs and branches of the hosttree.

Cultural Control

Water plants properly.

Biological Control

Predators such as tree-climbing lizards, spiders, hoverflies, assassin bugs,

lacewings and ladybird beetles feed on leafhoppers.

Eggs and nymphs are parasitized by tiny Chalcid wasps.

Chemical Control

Small trees can be spray with a contact spray such as endosulphan.

Sever infestations on large trees can be controlled by injecting the trunk with

dimethoate.

Black Spot

This diseases is mainly found in Roses. The diseas is mainly found on leaves of theplants.

Cultural Control

Prune the infected branches/part of the plant.

Remove the diseased fallen leaves

Over fertilizing can reverse the effect for the plant.

At the early stages, clean up the garden. Remove the dead leaves, by this the ability for the fungus to breed will be denied.

Biological Control

Grow resistant varieties of the plants.

Chemical Fertilizer

The spray of dormant oil or sulphur oil is recommended.

Along with it, baking soda along with the soap water is also used.

Do not rely on only one spray for rose protection, but continue to use several in

rotation.

We can also use Yates Rose Gun Chemical spray for this.

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Sooty mould

In this plant is covered by this fungus all over it.

Cultural Control

Clean the garden, dont leave any plant debris.

Forceful water spray will clean the surface of the plant and it will help the plant to

produce more food, and the resistance will increase.

Clean the plant surface with water, or any other nontoxic and less poisonous

spray.

Keep the infected plant or the wooden, away from the plants.

Biological Control

Remove the Infected parts of the plants.

Grow resistant varieties.

Chemical Control

Bayer Confidor can be used.

We can put Glue or the plastic around the trunk of the plant.

Spray the oil that is available to the market for the pest and the insects.

Poplar Rust

This disease is mainly found in poplars. The yellow orange pustules 1-2mm are found onthe leaf of Poplars.

Cultural Control

Remove the infested fallen leaves.

Growing resistant varieties.

Prune the infected branches.

Cypress Canker

This disease particularly affects the branches of the tree. The symptoms of this diseaseare as follows; die back of the branches, Yellowing of the foliage and sometimes it resultsdeath of the plant.

Control

Prune the infected part of the plant.

Remove the infected foliage.

Use the sterilized tools.

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Powdery mildew

The following plants are affected by this diseases; azalea, begonia, chrysanthemum.

Cultural Control

Maintain the distance between the plant canopy, for the exposure of the foliage tosunlight.

Prune the infected part of the plant.

Destroy infected foliage.

Biological Control

Use resistant varieties.

Ladybirds are one of the natural predators for powdery mildew.

Chemical Control

Use of the Fungicide

Mancozeb Plus

Lime sulphur

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Appendix

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Weed List

BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME LIFE CIRCLE

Oxalis corniculata Creeping Oxalis Perennial

Pennisetumclandestinum

Kikuyu Perennial

Plantago lanceolata Ribwort plantain Biennial

Poa annua Wintergrass Annual

Polygonum aviculare Wireweed Annual

Rumex sp. Dock Perennial

Solanum nigrum Black nightshade Annual

Sonchus oleraceus Sow thistle Annual

Taraxacum officinale Dandelion Perennial

Trifolium repens White Clover Annual

Cynara cardunculus Artichoke Thistle Perennial

Echium plantagineum Patersons Curse Annual

Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldt Grass Perennial

Oxalis latifolia Fishtail Oxalis Perennial

Poa annua Winter Grass Annual

Rubus fruticosus Blackberry Perennial

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Material Safety Data Sheet

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Integrated Pest Management-Report

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