Integrated Pest Management - Nebraska Extension Management... · 2018. 10. 24. · 10/24/2018 1...

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Integrated Pest ManagementUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension

Jenny Rees, Ron Seymour, Sarah Sivits, Wayne Ohnesorg, and Megan Taylor

IPM

• Broad basedapproach

• Integration ofpractices foreconomic control ofpests

Type of Pest

Management Thresholds

Resistance Management

Type of Control Method

IPM

© 2018 University of Nebraska – Lincoln

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IPM Steps

1. Identify pest

2. Evaluate pest damage

3. Determine need for controls

4. Consider multiple control options

5. Select best combination of control options

6. Monitor your selection

Control Methods

Control

Resistance/

TolerancePhysical/

Mechanical

Cultural

Biological

Chemical

Regulatory

• Utilization of multiple control options


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Types of Pests

Weeds Diseases Insects

Pest Development and Biology

• Insects—complete or gradual metamorphosis


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Pest Development and Biology

Environment Pathogen

Host

Disease

• Diseases—understanding the disease triangle

Pest Development and Biology• Weeds - annuals, biennials, perennials


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Palmer Amaranth

Microtubule Inhibitors

PS II Inhibitors

ALS Inhibitors

EPSP Inhibitors

ALS + EPSP Inhibitors

ALS + EPSP + PS II Inhibitors

ALS + PS II + HPPD Inhibitors

PS II + HPPD Inhibitors


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Palmer in CRP Ground

• Found in several Iowa counties in 2016• Added to Iowa’s

Noxious Weed Law

• Currently a noxious weed in Delaware, Minnesota, and Ohio

• Not found in CRP in Nebraska

Picture credit from Dr. Bob Hartzler and Meaghan Anderson. “Managing Palmer Amaranth in Conservation Plantings” releases September 9, 2018.


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Palmer Amaranth

• Most problematic weed—USA

• High water use efficiency

Emergence

• Initial: late April to early May…soil temp sensitive

• Peak: 4th week of June

• Duration: 5-6 months

• Factors that affect emergence: • Burndown apps• Shallow tillage• Crop canopy formation• Crop density

• Growth rate 0.75-1”/day with peak at 2.5” per day


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Male

Female

Management


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Principles of Palmer Control

1. Size is Important- 2.5 – 3 inches max

2. Start Clean – Stay Clean

3. PRE is KEY

4. Manage Your Seedbank1. 6 inch stem 129,000 seeds2. 1 inch stem 36,000 seeds3. Soil surface 22,000 seeds

• Narrow row beans may help with canopy closure

Pre-emergence Soybean Herbicides• Valor/Fierce

• Authority

Post-emergence Soybean Herbicides• Warrant Ultra R2

• Prefix V3 (10 month restriction to corn)

• Outlook V5

• Zidua/Anthem V3

Management


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Corn Pre-emergence Herbicides• Corn Herbicides: More options than for soybean. Try to rotate away

from products used in soybeans• Calisto

• Lexar or Lumax

• Verdict

Corn Post-emergence Herbicides• Armezon

• Capreno

• Halex GT

• Laudis

• Solstice

Management

Management Thresholds

• Aesthetic

• Action

• Economic


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Economic Threshold

Figure credit: Ed Zaborski, University of Illinois.

Application of economic thresholds

Predicted yield loss due to Gray Leaf Spot. Percentage ear leaf area affected

by early dent stage

5% or less 6%-25 % 25%-75% 75%-dead leaf

Approximate yield loss expected 0-2% loss 2-10% loss 5-20% loss 15-50% loss

(Source: Pat Lipps, The Ohio State University)


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Application of economic thresholds

Economic thresholds for bean leaf beetles

in soybeans at the V1 stage.

Management costs

Crop Value $6 $8 $10 $12

Threshold number of beetles/plant

$7 3 4 5 6

$8 3 3 4 5

$9 2 3 4 4

$10 2 3 3 4

Source: Tom Hunt University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Speed scouting apps

This spreadsheet is designed to be used in the field on mobile devices, allowing the user to make management decisions immediately after scouting. Speed scouting is one method for determining whether soybean aphids have reached the treatment threshold of 250 aphids per plant. It relies on the

number of "infested" plants rather than estimating the number of aphids on each plant. Plants are considered "infested" if there are 40 or more aphids on the plant. After inputting your field information, the spreadsheet will suggest the next step: "Resample in 7-10 days," "Sample 5 more plants," or "Treat,

confirm in 3-4 days."

Wayne J. Ohnesorg, Extension Educator; Thomas E. Hunt, Extension Entomologist;

and Robert J. Wright, Extension Entomologist

EC 1582

Soybean Aphid Speed Scouting Spreadsheet


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Speed scouting apps available

•First generation European corn borer•Second generation European corn borer•Western bean cutworm•Soybean aphid

•https://extension.unl.edu/extension-apps/

Western Bean Cutworm Management

Julie A. Peterson@PetersonInsects


https://extension.unl.edu/extension-apps/

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Late June-July

July-August

August-September

October-June

Scout & ET5-8%

Foliar Insecticide

Plant BtTraits: Cry1F Vip3A

Too late!

Western Bean Cutworm Life Cycle

Western bean cutworm life cycle

• Overwinters in soil as mature larva

• Moth emerges in early to mid July

• Eggs laid on upper third of corn plant, usually on upper surface of leaves

• Prefer pre-tassel corn for egg laying

• Begin scouting for egg masses when moth flight is 25% complete.


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WBC Over Time at North Platte

WBC in Black Light Traps: 2017

http://entomology.unl.edu/fldcrops/lightrap.shtml

12 days


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2016 Day degree model predictions for WBC moth flight

Location 5% 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95%

Benkelman June 28 June 30 July 4 July 7 July 11 July 14 July 17

Big Springs July 5 July 7 July 11 July 15 July 18 July 22 July 25

Clay Center June 27 June 29 July 2 July 6 July 9 July 13 July 15

Concord July 4 July 7 July 10 July 13 July 17 July 21 July 24

Grand Island

June 28 June 30 July 3 July 7 July 10 July 14 July 17

Hastings June 28 June 30 July 3 July 7 July 10 July 14 July 17

Holdrege July 4 July 6 July 9 July 13 July 16 July 20 July 23

Imperial July 7 July 10 July 13 July 16 July 20 July 24 July 26

Kearney July 3 July 5 July 8 July 12 July 16 July 19 July 22

Madrid July 5 July 8 July 11 July 15 July 18 July 22 July 25

McCook July 2 July 4 July 7 July 11 July 14 July 18 July 21

North Platte

July 9 July 11 July 14 July 18 July 21 July 25 July 28

Ogallala July 6 July 9 July 12 July 16 July 19 July 23 July 26

Scottsbluff July 11 July 14 July 17 July 21 July 24 July 28 July 31

Begin scouting with 25% of moth flight complete

Western bean cutworm egg mass


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WBC economic threshold

• 5-8% of plants with eggs or newly hatched larvae and

• Corn is at least 95% tasseled

• If an insecticide applications is needed it should be made before larvae reach ear tips

EC ####

Western Bean Cutworm Speed Scouting Spreadsheets

Silvana Paula-Moraes, Embrapa/UNL; Wayne J. Ohnesorg, UNL Extension Educator; Eric Burkness,

Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota; Gary Hein, UNL Entomologist; Thomas E. Hunt,

UNL Extension Entomologist; Robert J. Wright, UNL Extension Entomologist; and William Hutchison, Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota.

These spreadsheets are designed to be used in field corn or sweet corn to monitor populations of Western Bean Cutworm (WBC) on smartphones or tablets, allowing the user to make management decisions immediately after scouting. Speed scouting is a new method for determining whether WBC populations have reached the action threshold for treatment with an insecticide. It depends on the presence or absence of egg masses on plants rather than keeping a running total. Presence is when there is at least 1 egg mass on a plant. By using this method, a scouting effort can potentially be reduced to ~50 plants on average, but the

maximum will not exceed 100 plants. After inputting the egg mass observations, the spreadsheet will recommend one of three options: 1) "Resample in 2-3 days," 2) "Sample 10 more plants," or 3) "Treat." The 3 different action threshold levels should be used as follows:4% - Use the 4% threshold for sweet corn or field corn when prices are at or above $3.50/bushel8% - Use the 8% threshold for field corn when prices are below $3.50/bushel20% - Use the 20% threshold for field corn when corn is at mid-silk stage (R3)


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Western Bean Cutworm Speed Scouting

• ec1585.xls

0

50

100

150

200

250

# P

red

ato

rs C

olle

cted

Abundance of predators collected in 2015 and 2016 (N=595)


ec1585.xls

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Visually confirmed WBC predators

Photo Cred: W. Archibald, J. Peterson

WBC Parasitoids (Trichogramma ostriniae)

• Ongoing lab and field studies with an egg parasitoid for inundative biological control releases

Wright et al. 2002, Biological Control


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• 10.23% of respondents said they usually use insecticides that are non-toxic to predators

• 31.82% said they would use non-toxic insecticides if they knew which ones were non-toxic to predators

Conservation Biological Control

Insecticides with Lower Risk to Natural Enemies

• Class 28: Diamides (Prevathon, Coragen)

• Class 22A: Indoxacarb (Steward)- label soon?

• When can there be an economic return on a higher cost/ac product? Will pest and plant phenology match up? Are natural enemies present in the field? How far into the WBC flight? Potential for natural enemies to help “clean up” egg

masses laid after the insecticide application in the field


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Impact of Bt Crops on WBC

70 neonates fed stage-appropriate tissue & observed daily:

1) Non-Bt corn 2) Cry1F corn3) Vip3A corn

WBC Survival and Duration with Bt

Vip 3A = 100% mortality within 48 hours

• Survival is lower on Cry1F vs. non-Bt corn, although not as low as expected

• Developmental duration is 2.42 days longer on Cry1F Btcorn tissue


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Cry1F Bt Updates

• Field-evolved resistance confirmed in Ontario, Canada

• WBC removed from label of Dupont Pioneer Cry1F products

• "All references to control or suppression of western bean cutworm

are being completely removed from bag tags, competitive trait

tables, product use guides and other customer facing materials for

products that include the Herculex I (HX1) trait, but lack another

effective mode of action for western bean cutworm. Farmers need

to be scouting and looking in their [Cry1F] fields to determine if

they need other pest management tools." - DuPont Pioneer

What Bt traits are left for WBC control?

• Vip3A: • Agrisure Viptera

• Agrisure Duracade 5222 (not 5122)

• Leptra

• Trecepta (2019+)


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Pesticide Resistance Development• Application of a pesticide creates selection pressure,

leading to survival of individuals that possess genes conferring resistance

• Percentage of population with resistance increases with selection over time

Resistance Activity—Roundup

Susceptible (Die)

Carrier (???—Die)

Resistant (Survive)


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Cost of Resistance • Obsolete technology• Increased pest pressure• Increased cost of production for growers

Resistance Management • Accurate identification of pest • Multiple modes of action• Timing • Crop rotation

• https://iwilltakeaction.com/


https://iwilltakeaction.com/

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More Information

• Check out UNL CropWatch https://cropwatch.unl.edu/

• Check PSEP (Pesticide Safety Education Program) for more information https://pested.unl.edu/ipmpolicy

• Crop Protection Network: https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/

• Contacts:• Jenny Rees ([email protected])

• Ron Seymour ([email protected])

• Sarah Sivits ([email protected])

• Wayne Ohnesorg ([email protected])

• Megan Taylor ([email protected])


https://cropwatch.unl.edu/

https://pested.unl.edu/ipmpolicy

https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/

mailto:[email protected]





Integrated Pest Management - Nebraska Extension Management... · 2018. 10. 24. · 10/24/2018 1...

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