Instruments and mixed methods research: Focus on questionnaires
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Transcript of Instruments and mixed methods research: Focus on questionnaires
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An Introduction
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Why questionnaires?Where should questionnaire items
come from?Go over a few electronic resources
(Google Scholar, IRIS database, Google Forms, CAPES journals)
Questionnaires (peer-feedback)Examples in practice (if time) Weebly
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Objetivo: dar e receber feedback, mostrando a utilidade de revisão por pares, e assim ajudando também a aprimorar os instrumentos.
Analise os itens nos questionários, anotando dúvidas, comentários, sugestões, etc.
Confirme a presença das partes essenciais (título, etc.)
Quando terminar, se darão feedback em grupos.
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Casos na vida real...
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Dr. Fulano quer pesquisar as opiniões sobre Inglês como Língua Franca. Ele aplica um questionário para seus alunos na graduação cursando de Letras Língua Inglesa (n=18). O questionário inclui perguntas abertas e fechadas. Ele analisa os dados produzidos pelo instrumento, e chega a algumas conclusões que ele acha que são interessantes e publicáveis. A resposta do editor da revista, no entanto, é negativa: “Nós não publicamos pesquisas provenientes exclusivamente de questionários.” A resposta surpreende Dr. Fulano. Também surpreende você?
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What is it?Why do it?
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‘Mixed-Method’ researchHelps achiece a fuller understanding
of a target phenomenonVerify one set of findings against
another (triangulation)Can “add flesh to the bones”
(Dornyei, 2007, p. 171)
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An example from Africa... (video)
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Projeto de pesquisa, antes de chegar à UFPR
Churrasco na casa de Dr. Fulano + anotações
Almoço no Madeiro com colega do Dr. Fulano, Dra. Sicrana + mais
Primeiro rascunho de questionário Envio de rascunho para Dr. Fulano, Dra.
Fulana, e outra colega. Primeira revisão...
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UnstructuredSemi-structuredStructured
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1. Decide on which research questions (or which aspect of the research question)
2. Identify interviewees3. Determine the type of interview (e.g.
Skype, telephone, focus, one-on-one)4. Choose recording equipment5. Design and use an interview protocol
(open -ended questions, avoid leading questions, avoid 'double-barreled' questions, consider comprehensibility)
6. Pilot the instrument7. Obtain consent
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"When conducting a semi-structured interview one should treat the interview guide as just that - a guide, not a checklist to be strictly followed." (Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition, Mackey & Gass, 2012)
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Develop a coding scheme!
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grounded theory initial/open coding (going through line
by line and assigning lables or codes)axial coding (establishing connections,
often by different participants, but also between categories)
selective coding/focused coding (applying the coding scheme)
Member-checking
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2 artigos diferentes, cada um exemplificando conceitos ‘mixed-method’
1.Quais foram os instrumentos usados?2.Com quem foram usados?3.Como foram aplicados?4.Qual foi o método usado para analisar
os dados?5.(quando relevante) Qual é a natureza
das perguntas no ‘interview schedule’ (por exemplo, ‘open’, ‘closed’)?
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