Instrumental Developmentin Japan for Future Missions

1. Si strip detectors(GLAST)

2. Supermirror technology

3. New hard-X/ detectors

4. TES calorimeters

5. Science from NeXT

Takaya Ohashi (Tokyo Metropolitan U.)

Development of Ｓｉｌｉｃｏｎ Ｓｔｒｉｐ Ｄｅｔｅｃｔｏｒ （ SSD ）

0.01-1mm Position Reso. Good Time Reso. （ a few s ）Stability/Radiation Hardness confirmed with accelerators.

Small number of readout channels compared with pixel detectosModerate Energy Resolution ～ 1keV （ at ０℃）

Thickness: 0.3-0.5mmTeam in Hiroshima Univ. has developed SSDs for Astrophysics.

１５ cm

GLAST-SSD(0.4mmt)Single-Side Strip0.23mm pitch, 384ch

For GLAST,

SSD as Tracker of pair produced particles

Achieved Large area (6 inch wafer)SSD technology will open a new era of GeV gammay-ray astronomy.

Y. Fukazawa, T. Ohsugi et al. (Hiroshima U.)

full depletion voltage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

40V

50V

60V

70V

80V

90V

100V

110V

120V

130V

60774

60773

60772

60771

60770

60769

60747

60746

60745

60743

60742

60737

60736

60735

60734

60733

60708

60703

60702

60700

60699

60573

60572

Leakage Current @150V

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

70nA

110n

A

150n

A

190n

A

230n

A

270n

A

310n

A

350n

A

390n

A

430n

A

470n

A

510n

A

550n

A

590n

A

630n

A

670n

A

710n

A

6077460773

6077260771

607706076960747

607466074560743

607426073760736

607356073460733

607096070860703

607026070060699

60573

Mass Production is now running (10k SSDs for GLAST).Stable Performance and Low dead channels ( <0.01%)

Depletion Voltage Leak Current

Double-Side SSD is now under development for Compton Gamma-ray Camera.

Good scattering material with good position resolutionFast time resolution (for BGD rejection)

Combination with CdTe is a good solution.

By Hiroshima U., SLAC, ISAS（ Candidate for NeXT ）

100V200nA

Focal length : 8 m Dia. 40 cm Energy band 20 - 40 keVFOV (fwhm) 9’ Ang. Resol. (HPD) 2’

Development of Hard X-ray Telescope --- Multilayer Supermirror ---

Replica foil mirrors and telescope [ InFOCuS-1 ]

Eff. Area 50 cm2

PSF : HPD = 2.1 arcminBalloon Experiment : InFOCuS, NUSMIT

Satellite Mission : NeXT, XEUS

K.Yamashita, Y.Tawara, H. Kunieda et al. (Nagoya U., ISAS)

NeXT• launch 〜 2010• D= 60 cm, f=12 m• 6 modules• Seff= 1200 cm2@40 keV• HPD = 15 arcsec(goal)

Refle

ctiv

ity

Energy (keV)

NeXTSensitivity100 ks/5 detection

X-ray ReflectivityPt/C MLSupermirrord=2.4-13 nm

0

20

40

60

80

10040 keV 100 keVCdTe

Ge

Si

Thickness (mm) Thickness (mm)

CdTe

Ge

SiA

bsor

ptio

n E

ffici

ency

(%

)

Abs

orpt

ion

Effi

cien

cy (

%)

0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.00.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.00

20

40

60

80

100

ISAS

• High Z semiconductor (ZCd = 48, ZTe = 52) • High density(5.8 g/cm3) • Room Temperature Operation (Eg ~ 1.5 eV) • High Resolution CdTe Diode by ISAS

VA2TA(IDE)

CdTe

1cm

Applications1. Focal plane detector of the Hard X-ray Mirror2. Next Generation Compton Telescope

First Prototype (pixel size 625μmx625μm) 400 pixels

Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Diode Detector for Hard X-ray/Gamma-ray Observations

T. Takahashi et al. (ISAS)

New Gamma-ray Detector for the NeXT

E1

E2

Ein

θ

Incident angle of rays is defined by an active collimater

- Compton Kinematics -

Background events (activation / intrinsic, shield leakage) can be reduced significantly by requiring this relation for E1 and E2.

E2 Ein

1 Einmoc

2(1 cos )

;Ein E1 E2

CdTe/SiStrip or Pixel

ISAS

T.Takahashi et al (ISAS, SLAC, Hiroshima U., U. Tokyo. Osaka U.)

Astro-E2 XRS (2005 ～ )

X-ray Spectrometer 1m

Large format array of ( ～ 32x32 pixel)

TES calorimeter (ΔE ～ 3 eV)

32 pixel semiconductor- calorimeter array

2.5 mm×5.3 mm (1.9’ ×4.1’ )

ΔE ～ 10 – 12 eV

3 year life time of coolant

TES (Transition Edge Sensor)

(Irwin et al. 2000, NIMA 444, 184)

Using sharp edge at normal to superconductor transition

Higher sensitivity of thermometer

Faster response by electro-thermal feedback

Development of High ResolutionDevelopment of High Resolution

NeXT

K. Mitsuda et al. (ISAS, Tokyo Metr. U., )

TES calorimeter fabricated by Seiko Instruments In

c.

TES CalorimeterPresent Performance of

1m

0.5 mm

1.7 mm

0.5 mmTES

Si

TTcc ＝＝ 105 mK105 mKα≡ dlnα≡ dlnRR/dln/dlnTT ～ ～ 100100

Mn - KMn - K2 2 (5.888 ke(5.888 ke

V)V)

KK1 1 (5.899 ke(5.899 ke

V)V)

0.5 x 0.5 mm Ti / Au bilayer TES0.3 x 0.3 mm Au absorber, Ti/Au/Au=40/110/300 nm thick

9.2±0.4 eVYesterday!

Making of Large Format ArrayExperimental production ofmushroom-shaped Sn absorber

500m

1 mm size

16 x 16 calorimeter array structure

Through hole wiringelectrodeposit Sn & polish i

t to 8 μm thick

NeXT: Dynamics and Acceleration in the Universe

Chandra, XMM .... 1999

Astro-E2 .............. 2005

NeXT ................. ~2010