Instituto de Enseñanza Superior

en Lenguas Vivas “Juan Ramón Fernández”

Introducción a la Interpretación

Carolina Badaracco

1998

HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE

Glosario

1. accident and emergency department (A&E): department of a hospital which deals with accidents and emergency casesemergencia

2. accident ward: ward for urgent accident victims. Hospital emergency rooms are set up for treating injuries and illnesses that require prompt action. Lifesaving equipment is always available there. In large hospitals, emergency rooms have doctors in many branches of medicine on call. Emergency patients with minor ailments are treated and released, but those with more serious problems might be admitted into the hospital. Many hospitals maintain outpatient units where patients can seek treatment for chronic illnesses without hospital confinement. The larger hospitals tend to have specialty clinics for a variety of problems, such as skin diseases, nerve disorders, or orthopedic maladiesemergencia/sala de urgencias

3. acute bed: hospital bed reserved for acute casescama de agudos

4. acute care hospital: hospital where patients normally stay for two or three days, or no more than seven to ten days. They are admitted to this type of hospital in order to quickly put an end to their suffering. hospital de corta estadía/agudos

5. administrator: person who runs a hospital, district health authority, etcadministrador

6. admission (to the hospital): official registering of a patient in a hospitalingreso/internación

7. aftercare: care of a person who has had an operation; care of a mother who has just given birthasistencia posoperatoria/cuidado de postratamiento/tratamiento poshospitalario

8. ambulanceman: man who drives or assists in an ambulanceambulanciero/conductor/enfermero de ambulancia

9. ancillary staff: staff in a hospital who are not administrators, doctors or nurses (such as cleaners, porters, kitchen staff, etc)personal auxiliar

10. antenatal clinic: clinic where expectant mothers are taught how to look after babies, do exercises and have medical checkupscentro de consulta médica para mujeres embarazadas

11. antenatal diagnosis: medical examination of a pregnant woman to see if the fetus is developing normally examen prenatal

12. asylum: an institution for the care of the mentally ill, or of the aged, the poor, etc; largely replaced by mental or psychiatric hospital, nursing home, etcpsiquiátrico / asilo

13. attend (vb.) (to attend a patient): to look after a patient atender

14. attending physician: doctor who is looking after a certain patientmédico de turno / cabecera

15. average length of stay (ALOS): an average of the maximum and minimum stay estadía promedio de internación

16. baby clinic: clinic which deals with babiessala de neonatología (período perinatal) / sala de pediatría (después del período perinatal)

17. bank: place where blood or organs from donors can be stored until needed. The hospital's blood bank collects, stores, and dispenses bloodbanco (de sangre/órganos)

18. bed days: number of days a patient stays in hospital or clinic días de internación

19. bed occupancy rate: number of beds occupied in a hospital shown as a percentage of all the beds in a hospital índice de ocupación de camas

20. bedpan: dish into which a patient can urinate or defecate without getting out of bedchata

21. bedridden patient: patient who cannot get out of bedpaciente postrado en cama

22. bedside manner: way in which a doctor behaves towards a patient, specially a patient who is in bedmanera de tratar a los pacientes

23. benefit (Br.): general money provided by the government to people who need it, especially to those who are sick or unemployedprestación/beneficio (de seguro social)

24. Blue Cross or Blue Shield: (US) systems of private medical insurancesistema de seguro médico

25. board of directors: group of people (usually consultants, heads of nursing staff, administrators) chosen to run a hospital trustjunta directiva/directorio/consejo de administración

26. boiler room: room where bed clothes are boiledsala de calderas

27. burns unit: special department in a hospital which deals with burnsservicio/sector de quemados

28. capitation: a method of reimbursement whereby a health care provider is reimbursed a fixed amount each month for each insured life, regardless of the amount of health care services consumed by the insuredcapitación

29. card index or catalogue: series of cards with information written on them, kept in special order so that information can be found easilyfichero

30. cardiac patient: patient suffering from heart disorderenfermo del corazón

31. cardiac surgery: surgery to the heartcirugía cardiocascular

32. card-index file: information kept on filing cardsarchivos

33. cardiology department: department for heart disease (specialized medical department; only in large hospitals)servicio/sector de cardiología

34. care plan: plan drawn up by the nursing staff for the treatment of an individual patient plan de cuidados/de atención/prepaga

35. care: attention or general treatment of a patient asistencia

36. caregiver: see carer

37. carer: someone who looks after a sick persontrabajador de la salud

38. case history: details of what has happened to a patient undergoing treatment historia clínica

39. case management: management that focuses on meeting the complex health care requirements of a patient by improving the communication among all professionals taking care of him or hermanejo de caso

40. case study: a detailed study of a person or group, especially in order to learn their social development and relationship with other people in society estudio de/por casos

41. case: i) single occurrence of a disease; ii) person who has a disease or who is undergoing treatment caso

42. casualty ward: see accident ward

43. catchment area: area around a hospital which is served by a hospitalzona de captación/influencia / area de cobertura

44. charge nurse: nurse who is in charge of a group of patients, a ward or a department in a hospitalenfermera jefa

45. chief medical officer: government official responsible for all aspects of public health oficial médico principal

46. children’s home: house where children with no parents are looked afterasilo de niños

47. clinic receptionist: employee works who with staff in areas such as patient flow, appointment setting, checking insurance, immunization records, data collection, and state reporting requirementsrecepcionista

48. clinic: a) small hospital or department in a large hospital which deals only with walking patients or which specializes in the treatment of certain conditions; b) group of students under a doctor or surgeon who examine patients and discuss their treatment consultorio/centro de consultas / clínica (privada)

49. clinical medicine: treatment of patients in a hospital ward or in the doctor’s surgery (as opposed to the operating theater or laboratory)medicina clínica

50. clinical nurse specialist: nurse who specializes in a particular branch of clinical careenfermera especializada en clínica

51. clinical pathology: study of disease as applied to treatment of patientspatología clínica

52. clinical trial: trial carried out in a medical laboratory on a patient or on tissue from a patientensayo clínico

53. clinical: a) i) referring to a clinic; ii) referring to a physical examination of patients by doctors (as opposed to surgical operation or a laboratory test or experiment); b) referring toinstruction given to students at the bedside of patients as opposed to class instruction with no patient present clínico

54. clinician: doctor, usually not a surgeon, who has considerable experience in treating patientsclínico

55. community medicine: study of medical practice which examines groups of people and thehealth of the community, including housing, pollution and other environmental factorsmedicina comunitaria

56. community outreach worker: somebody who coordinates social service assessments, referrals, and follow-uptrabajador de alcance comunitario

57. Community Psychiatric Nurse (CPN): psychiatric nurse who works in a district, visiting various patients in the areaenfermera psiquiátrica comunitaria

58. community services: nursing services which are available to the communityservicios comunitarios / atención comunitaria

59. continuum quality improvement (CQI): a process that assumes that every process can be improved and that the result of the improvement will be both better efficiency and higher qualitymejoramiento continuo de la calidad

60. convalescent home: type of hospital where patients can recover from illness or surgeryclínica de reposo/casa de convalecencia

61. coronary care unit (CCU): section of a hospital reserved to treat patients suffering from heart attacksunidad coronaria

62. corrective therapy department: hospitals usually have allied health-care specialists called therapists. A physical therapist may help improve a patient's injured or diseased body parts by means of massage and whirlpool baths or by teaching the patient how to do special exercises. An occupational therapist helps train or retrain a disabled person for work. A respiratory therapist helps patients with breathing problems. A recreational therapist designs and supervises interesting activities to help relieve the boredom of long hospital staysdepartamento de terapia correctiva / rehabilitatoria / rehabilitativa

63. cottage hospital: small local hospital set in pleasant gardens in the countryhospital de pabellones

64. day case: patient who is in hospital for a treatment for a day (i.e. one who does not stay overnight)caso de solución en el día / paciente ambulatorio

65. day hospital: a hospital where patients are treated during the day and go home in the eveningshospital de día

66. day nursery: place where small children can be looked after during the day time, while their parents are at workcasa-cuna/hogar diurno/guardería diurna/guardería infantil

67. day patient: see day case

68. day recovery ward: ward where day patients who have had minor operations can recover before going home sala de recuperación

69. day surgery: surgical operation which does not require the patient to stay overnight in hospital cirugía menor

70. deductible: the amount the beneficiary must pay before the payer makes any payment to the health care provider; usually stated in terms of an absolute dollar amount and can be applied to each individual or to the entire family when family coverage is involvedfranquicia

71. delivery room: a baby may be delivered in a special kind of operating room called a delivery room or in a more homelike birthing room. The operating room delivery table puts the woman in the best position for the health care professional to supervise the birth process. Some hospitals permit others, such as the father, in the delivery room to comfort the woman giving birth or to coach her through the birth process. In some hospitals nurse-midwives instead of physicians care for women during uncomplicated pregnancies and then, barring any problems, supervise the birthsala de parto

72. demography: study of populations and environments or changes affecting populationsdemografía

73. dermatology department: for skin diseases (specialized medical department; only in large hospitals)servicio/sector de dermatología

74. diagnose (vb.): to identify a patient’s condition or illness by examining the patient and noting symptomsdiagnosticar

75. diagnosis: act of diagnosing a patient’s condition or illness. diagnóstico

76. diagnosis-related groups (DRG): derived from over 495 diagnosis-related categories derived from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes to determine hospital reimbursement. Each DRG is assigned a cost weight to reflect the average resource costs of treating patients in that groupgrupos calificados por diagnóstico

77. diagnostic test: test which helps a doctor diagnose an illnesspruebas para establecer el diagnóstico

78. differential diagnosis: identification of one particular disease from other similar diseases by comparing the range of symptoms of eachdiagnóstico diferencial

79. disability insurance: protects against loss of income resulting from sickness or accident. Benefits are generally structured to pay a proportion of a person's actual earnings, usually from 40 to 60 percent up to a maximum amount. Disability policies may be purchased from insurance companies by groups or individuals. This type of protection is offered by government agencies, private firms, and in union-administered plans seguro por incapacidad

80. disaster plans: when a major disaster occurs, a hospital may have to treat many more patients than it ordinarily would. Most hospitals have disaster plans ready for such emergencies. A doctor called a triage officer quickly determines how seriously a victim is hurt. The doctor then has the injured person moved to an appropriate area for treatment according to a priority of need. The most seriously injured are attended first. In a major disaster, many persons might require hospitalization. A hospital should therefore have a plan ready to evacuate some of its patients if it is already full. Certain members of the medical staff must decide which patients are well enough to go home or to be treated as outpatients. Others might be moved to nursing homes or extended-care facilitiesservicio de catástrofe

81. discharge: sending a patient away from hospital because the treatment has endedalta

82. district nurse or home nurse: nurse who visits and treats patients in their homesenfermera que tiene a su cuidado a los pacientes de un distrito / enfermera extrahospitalaria / de atención ambulatoria

83. dormitory: a building with many rooms that provides sleeping and living accommodations for a number of people. Many sizeable hospitals include schools of nursing that require dormitory accommodations for the studentsresidencia de estudiantes

84. drug representative: represents a laboratory and informs physicians on its products and, when there are new products in the market from that laboratory, together with a physicians who also work for that laboratory, organizes meetings to advertise the product. Drug representatives visit physicians one or twice a monthagente de propaganda médica (APM) / visitador médico

85. emergency medical technician (EMT): trained paramedic who gives care to victims at the scene of an accident or in an ambulanceparamédico de urgencias

86. emergency ward: hospital ward which deals with urgent cases (such as accident victims)emergencia

87. Enrolled Nurse (EN): see (State) Enrolled Nurse (SEN)

88. Environmental Health Officer (EHO) or Public Health Inspector: official of a local authority who examines the environment and tests for air pollution or bad sanitation or noise pollution, etcoficial de salud ambiental

89. escort nurse: nurse who goes with a patient to the operating theater and back to the wardenfermera de piso (que lleva al enfermo hasta la sala de operaciones)

90. exploratory surgery: surgical operations in which the aim is to discover the cause of the patient’s symptoms or the extent of the illnesscirugía exploradora

91. family doctor: general practitioner, especially one who looks after all the members of a familymédico de cabecera

92. family planning clinic: clinic which gives advice on contraception clínicas de planificación familiar

93. fee-for-service (FFS) system: a payment system in which a health care provider charges aspecific price for each identifiable and distinct unit of service or good sold in the course of treating a specific patientpago por acto médico

94. file card: card with information written on it, used to classify information in correct orderficha

95. first aid post or station: special place where injured people can be taken for immediate attentionpuesto de primeros auxilios

96. first aid: help given by an ordinary person to someone who is suddenly ill or hurt, given until full scale medical treatment can be givenprimeros auxilios

97. first aider: person who gives first aid to someone who is suddenly ill or injuredpersona que presta primeros auxilios

98. forensic medicine: medical science concerned with finding solutions to crimes against people (such as autopsies on murdered people or taking blood samples from clothes)medicina legal / forense

99. fringe medicine: types of medicine which are not part of normal treatment taught in medical school (such as homeopathy, acupuncture, etc.) medicina alternativa

100. gatekeeper: usually primary care physicians who attend to the general health needs of the population and are solely responsible for referring patients to specialty and subspecialty physiciansfiltro

101. general hospital: hospital which cares for all types of patientscentro hospitalario/hospital (no especializado)

102. general practitioner (GP): doctor who treats many patients in a district for all types of illness, though not specializing in any one branch of medicine (the plural is GPs). A GP generally has a MB (bachelor of Medicine) or ChB (bachelor of Surgery) degree. GPs trainin hospital as well in general practice, and often have specialist qualifications, such as in obstetrics or child care médico clínico

103. generalist: see general practitioner:

104. geriatric unit or ward or hospital: unit or ward or hospital which specializes in the treatment of old peoplehospital geriátrico

105. geriatrician: doctor who specializes in the treatment or study of diseases of old peoplegeriatra/especialista en geriatría

106. group health insurance: is the most common form of protection. Group insurance policies usually are provided through a person's place of employment; those without insurance are frequently unemployed or outside the labor force. These individuals do not necessarily have to pay for medical care. They may receive care without charge or at reduced rates at government hospitals, or they may be eligible for the Medicaid programseguro colectivo/de grupo

107. group practice: medical practice where several doctors or dentists share the same office building and support servicesconsultorio atendido por un grupo de médicos

108. group therapy: type of treatment where a group of people with the same disorder meettogether with a therapist to discuss their condition and try to help each otherterapia de grupo

109. health care specialist: professionals in charge of looking after people’s health, including medical treatment and advice on how to stay healthyprofesionales de la salud

110. health care: general treatment of patients, especially using preventive measures to stopa disease from occurringcuidado de la salud

111. health center: public building in which a group of doctors practice, which contains a children’s clinic, etccentro de salud/dispensario

112. health education: teaching people (schoolchildren and adults) to do things to improve their health, such as taking more exercise, stop smoking, etceducación en/para la salud

113. health educator: somebody who needs to be trained specifically in health education and provides individual and group health education, as well as classroom education where possibleeducador especializado en salud

114. health insurance: insurance which pays the cost of treatment for illness, specially when traveling abroad. Insurance designed to meet the costs of sickness and disability. Health insurance pays for physicians, hospitals, and other providers of medical services. By so doing it protects people from financial hardship caused by large medical billsseguro médico

115. Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): private doctors´ practice offering health care to patients who pay a regular subscription: in return for a monthly premium, an HMO agrees to provide all necessary medical services—the HMO is both insurer and provider. The largest HMO in the U.S. is the Kaiser Permanent Medical Care Program. There are basically two kinds of HMOs: the prepaid group practice and the individual-practice plan. In this type, physicians are organized into a group practice at centralized facilities. The individual-practice type of HMO is a loose network of physicians who maintain their own practices. They choose to affiliate with an HMO on a full- or part-time basis. They are usually paid by the HMO on a fee-for-service basis from the premiums paid by subscribers. Affiliated hospitals have much the same relation with the HMO as the physicians. Three fourths of HMOs are nonprofit organizations, but some are publicly heldcorporations. Sponsoring organizations can be insurance companies, hospitals, or nearly any type of large corporationsistema de medicina prepaga

116. health service: organization in a district or country which is in charge of doctors and hospitals, etcservicio médico

117. health tax: tax which will be used to help fund the health serviceimpuesto de salud

118. health visitor: registered nurse with qualifications in obstetrics, midwifery and preventive medicine who visits babies and sick patients at home and advises on treatment visitadora de salud

119. home help: person who does housework for an invalid or handicapped personayuda familiar / domiciliaria

120. hospice: hospital which cares for terminally ill patientscentro para pacientes terminales

121. hospital bed: i) special type of bed used in hospitals; cama de hospitalii) place in a hospital which can be occupied by a patient cama

122. hospital management: organization or running of a hospital or clinic or health authority, etcgestión hospitalaria

123. hospital newsletter: a bulletin issued regularly to employees or members, containing news of recent developments, upcoming meetings or eventsboletín informativo

124. hospital nursery: after a baby is born it is placed in the hospital nursery, or it may stayin the mother's room. If the baby is ill or has a very low birth weight, the protective environment of an isolated and infection-free cubicle with controlled oxygen, heat, and humidity is required until the baby's condition improves and the lungs have developed properly. Critical illness in a newborn requires the specialized care of a newborn intensive care unitneonatología

125. hospital orderly: person who does heavy work in a hospital, such as wheeling patientsinto the operating theater, moving equipment about, etcordenanza/enfermero/camillero/asistente de hospital

126. hospital trust: self-governing hospital, a hospital which earns its revenue from services provided to the District Health Authorities and family doctors junta hospitalaria

127. hospital: institution with an organized medical and nursing staff, and with permanent facilities, that provides a full range of medical services, including surgery, for persons requiring intensive treatment or observation. It may also include facilities for childbirth and infant management, as well as various outpatient clinics. The majority of hospitals in the U.S. are short-stay, nonprofit institutions operated by community or religious groups. Public general hospitals are operated by federal, state, and city governments, and a growing number of the hospitals in the country are operated as profit-making institutions by individuals or corporationshospital/nosocomio

128. house officer: doctor who works in a hospital (as house surgeon or house physician) during the final year of training before registration by the GMC interno/residente de hospital

129. housekeeping department: responsible for keeping the hospital cleanservicio de limpieza

130. houseman: house surgeon or house physician (the US English is intern)interno

131. indemnity insurance plans: plan that reimburses enrollees directly for their medical expenses. This type of plans have not typically interfered with provider decisions except when they involve fraud. Consumer decisions are influenced by co-payments and deductibles, as well as maximum benefit clausessistema de reintegro

132. indemnity: compensation for damage, loss or injury sufferedreintegro

133. independent practice association (IPA): a method of organizing independent physician practitioners in a way that allows them to operate collectively with regard to business practices (e.g., managed care contracting, billing, practice management)Asociación de ejercicio independiente de la medicina

134. index card: card used to make card indextarjeta índice/ficha

135. infirmary: a place where people can go for medical treatment, especially in a school, college or other institutionenfermería

136. inpatient: patient living in a hospital for treatment or observationpaciente hospitalizado

137. institution: hospital or clinic, especially a psychiatric hospital or a children’s home institución/instituto

138. Integrated Delivery System (IDS) or Networks (IDN): groups of institutional providers and individual providers organized into a single health care delivery network. This integration often comes from entities with diverse backgrounds and are carried out with the purpose of making the total organization more efficient and providing more leverage for negotiation within the marketplace Sistema Integrado de Atención

139. intensive care unit (ICU): special section of a hospital which supervises seriously ill patients who need constant supervision. The most expensive rooms are intensive care units, because they have a high ratio of doctors and nurses to patients and more elaborate

and, therefore, more costly equipmentunidad de cuidado intensivo/terapia intensiva

140. intensive care: continual supervision and treatment of a patient in a special section of a hospital cuidados intensivos/terapia intensiva

141. intern: medical school graduate who is working in a hospital while at the same time continuing his studies (the GB English is houseman, house officer)interno

142. internal medicine: treatment of diseases of the internal organs by specialistsmedicina interna

143. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): international organization whichprovides mainly emergency medical help, but also relief to victims of earthquakes, floods, etc, or to prisoners of warComité Internacional de la Cruz Roja

144. internist: specialist who treats diseases of the internal organs by non-surgical meansinternista

145. intervention: treatmentintervención

146. isolation hospital: hospital where patients suffering from dangerous infectious diseases can be isolatedhospital de infecciosos

147. kitchen: i) room for the preparation and cooking of food;cocina ii) a staff that cooks and serves foodpersonal de cocina

148. lab: (informal) laboratorylaboratorio/gabinete

149. laboratory technician: person who does practical work in a laboratory and has particular care of equipmenttécnico de laboratorio

150. laboratory techniques: methods or skills needed to perform experiments in a laboratorytécnicas de laboratotio

151. laboratory: special room(s) where scientists can do research or can test chemical substances or can grow tissues in culture, etclaboratorio/gabinete

152. laundry: a room with facilities for launderinglavandería

153. license: official document which allows someone to do something (such as allowing a doctor to practice, a pharmacist to make and sell drugs or, in the US, allowing a nurse to practice)licencia/matrícula

154. Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN): a person who does almost the same work as a nurse but only has two years of nursing education and is not allowed to give drugs, etcenfermera sanitaria

155. licentiate: a person who has been given a license to practice as a doctorlicenciado

156. long stay patient: patient who will stay in hospital for a long timepaciente de estadía prolongada

157. long-stay: staying a long time in hospitalestadía prolongada

158. maintenance department: for keeping the hospital in good repairservicio de mantenimiento

159. major surgery: surgical operations involving important organs in the bodyintervención quirúrgica seria / cirugía mayor

160. managed care: the outside involvement or intervention in health treatment decisions made by physicians or patientsgestión de los servicios de salud

161. managed health care: see managed care for definitionservicios de salud gerenciados

162. manager: person in charge of a department in the health service or person in charge of a group of hospitalsadministrador

163. maternity clinic: see antenatal clinic

164. MEDICAID: a federal-state program, usually operated by state welfare or health departments, within the guidelines issued by the HCFA. Medicaid furnishes at least five basic services to needy persons: inpatient hospital care, outpatient hospital care,

physicians' services, skilled nursing-home services for adults, and laboratory and X-ray services. The people who are eligible include families and certain children who qualify for public assistance and may include aged, blind, and disabled adults who are eligible for the Supplemental Security Income program of the Social Security Administration. States may also include persons and families termed “medically needy” who meet eligibility requirements except those for financial assistance. Each state decides who is eligible for Medicaid benefits and what services shall be included. Some of the benefits frequently provided are dental care; ambulance services; and the cost of drugs, eyeglasses, and hearing aids. In determining eligibility for the program, a state may not hold adult childrenresponsible for medical expenses of their parentsobra social para carenciados

165. medical aid: treatment of someone who is ill or injured given by a doctorauxilio médico

166. medical assistance: help provided by a nurse or by an ambulanceman or by a member of the Red Cross, etcasistencia médica

167. medical center: place where several different doctors and specialists practicecentro médico

168. medical certificate: official document signed by a doctor giving a patient permission to be away from work or not to do certain types of workcertificado médico

169. medical doctor (MD): doctor who practices medicine but not usually a surgeonmédico/doctor en medicina

170. medical history: details of a patient’s medical records over a period of timehistoria clínica

171. medical insurance: insurance which pays for private medical treatmentseguro médico

172. medical intervention: treatment of an illness by drugstratamiento

173. medical records department: where each patient's medical information is filed departamento de historias clínicas

174. medical records: information about a patient’s medical historyhistoria clínica

175. medical secretary: qualified secretary who specializes in medical documentation, either in a hospital or in a doctor’s surgerysecretaria

176. medical social worker: person who helps patients with their family problems or problems related to their work which may have an effect on their response to treatmenttrabajador/auxiliar médico-social

177. medical staff: usually self-governing and is delegated by the board of trustees to supervise the medical services rendered to patients. The medical staff, through its executive committee or medical board composed of practicing physicians, makes recommendations on the quality of medical care in the hospital. Physicians practicing within hospitals may be in private practice, affiliated with group practices, or on the full-time hospital staff. The chief of the medical staff has administrative responsibility for the medical staff and is in charge of selecting and training interns and residents during their postgraduate training. Frequently each specialized staff or department, such as that for surgery, obstetrics, or neurology, has its own chiefcuerpo médico

178. medical ward: ward for patients who do not have to undergo surgical operationssección de asistencia médica

179. MEDICARE: system of public health insurance in the US. Medicare covers persons over the age of 65, certain disabled individuals under the age of 65, and those with end-stage renal disease (kidney failure). Benefits are divided into two parts: (1) a basic hospital-insurance plan covering hospital care, extended care, home health services, and hospice care for terminally ill patients; and (2) a voluntary medical-insurance program covering physicians' fees, outpatient services, and other medical services. Medicare costs are met by social security contributions, monthly premiums from participants, and general revenuesobra social para jubilados

180. medication: i) method of treatment by giving drugs to a patient; tratamiento/medicaciónii) medicine or drug taken by a patientmedicamento

181. general practice: a doctor’s practice where patients from a district are treated for all types of illnessmedicina general

182. medicine: i) drug or medication taken to treat a disease or condition; medicamento/medicina/remedioii) study of diseases and how to cure or prevent themmedicina

183. medico: (informal) doctorgaleno

184. member: person belonging to some association, (such as a health care plan organization)afiliado/asegurado

185. mental health counselor: a master’s level social worker or mental health professional or licensed psychologist with child and adolescent mental health expertise who provides individual assessment, treatment and referral, as well as group counselingconsejero de salud mental

186. mental health supervisor: a doctorate-level professional who provides consultative and supervisory services for the Mental Health Counselorsupervisor de salud mental

187. mental hospital: hospital for the treatment of mentally ill patientshospital psiquiátrico

188. minor surgery: surgical operation involving organs of secondary importancecirugía menor

189. morgue: a place where the bodies of unknown dead persons or those dead of unknowncauses are kept to be examined or identified before burial or cremationmorgue

190. multicentric trial: trial carried out in several centers at the same timeensayo clínico multicéntrico

191. National Health Service (NHS): government service in the UK which provides medical services free of charge, or at reduced cost, to the whole populationservicio de asistencia sanitaria de la Seguridad Social

192. National Insurance: weekly payment from a person’s wages (with a supplement from the employer) which pays for state assistance, medical treatment, etcSeguridad Social

193. neighborhood health clinic: place where people living in underserved communities can get medical care. Often the neighborhood clinics are miniature versions of clinics in teaching hospitals. Many hospital services are available at the neighborhood clinic, but when patients need special testing or treatment, they are sent to the hospital. In some cases the people of the community run the clinics. In others there is joint hospital-community control. Still others are administered entirely by hospitals or by doctorsclínica de salud de la comunidad

194. neurology department: for brain and central nervous system disorders (specialized medical department; only in large hospitals)sector/servicio de neurología

195. non-licensed personnel: personnel with no licensepersonal no matriculado

196. nurse practitioner: nurse employed by a clinic or doctor’s practice who can give advice to patientsenfermera especializada en atención primaria de la salud

197. nurse: 1) (noun) person (usually a woman) who looks after a sick person in a hospital or helps a doctor in his surgery. Although the term “nurse” applies to both men and women, in popular speech it is used more frequently to refer to women, and “male nurse” is used for men. enfermera2) (vb.) to look after sick peoplecuidar/atender/asistir

198. nursery school: school for little childrenescuela maternal

199. nurses station: nurses follow physicians´ instructions. At the nurses station, nurses have to arrange for all procedures to be developed on patients of the ward which the nursesstation serves. There is usually a nurses station for each ward sala de enfermería

200. nursing department: one of the most important in a hospital. A nurse in a centrally located nursing station is always only seconds away from any patient needing urgent medical attention. Nurses chart basic information about the patient's condition, such as temperature, pulse, and blood pressure. Nurses report important changes in the patient's condition to doctors and then carry out the doctor's orders for correcting the situation if thedoctor's presence is not required. Increasingly, nurses have taken on additional responsibilitysector/servicio de enfermería

201. nursing home: house where convalescents or old people can live under medical supervision by a qualified nurse hogar de convalescencia/centro médico no hospitalario/casa de reposo/hogar de ancianos/ dispensario

202. nursing intervention: treatment of illness by nursing care, without surgery tratamiento

203. nursing manager: nurse who has administrative duties in a hospital or the health service encargada de enfermería

204. nursing mother: mother who breast feeds her babymadre lactante

205. nursing officer: nurse who has administrative duties in the National Health Serviceoficial de enfermería

206. nursing staff: it is the largest staff in the hospital, is administered by a director who assigns nurses to various duties and who may also direct the hospital's school of nursingcuerpo de enfermeros/enfermería

207. nutrition department: hospitalized persons often need special foods, which are prepared by the hospital's dietetics department. A dietitian is trained to tailor a meal to the needs of each patient. Diabetics, for example, need sugar-free, balanced diets, while heart patients need low-salt diets. Also, the dietetics service must put considerable effort into planning and preparing meals for all other patients. Imagination must be used to avoid monotonous meals and to stimulate the appetites of sick personsdepartamento de nutrición

208. nutritionist: dietitian or person who specializes in the study of nutrition and advises on diets nutriólogo/nutricionista

209. OB/GYN: obstetrics and gynecology departmentobstetricia y ginecología/tocoginecología

210. obstetrician: doctor who specializes in obstetricsobstetra/tocólogo

211. obstetrics and gynecology department: tends the health of female patients in general as well as newborn babies and their mothersobstetricia y ginecología

212. obstetrics: branch of medicine and surgery dealing with pregnancy, childbirth and the period immediately after childbirthobstetricia/tocología

213. occupancy rate: number of beds occupied in a hospital , shown as a percentage of all the bedstasa de ocupación de camas

214. occupational health (OH) nurse: nurse who deals with health problems of people at workenfermera de salud ocupacional

215. open visiting: arrangement in a hospital where visitors can enter the wards at any timesistema visita sin límite horario

216. operating department assistance (ODA): nurse working in the operating departmentenfermera de quirófano

217. operating room (OR): special room in a hospital where surgeons carry out operationsquirófano/sala de operaciones

218. operating table: special table on which the patient is placed to undergo a surgical operationmesa de operaciones

219. operating theater: see operating room

220. optometrist: (mainly US) person who specializes in testing eyes and prescribing lensesoptometrista

221. optometry: testing of eyes and prescribing of lenses to correct defects in sightoptometría

222. orthopedic hospital: hospital which specializes in operations to correct badly formed joins or bonesortopedia

223. orthopedic surgeon: surgeon who specializes in orthopedics ortopedista/traumatólogo

224. orthopedics: branch of surgery dealing with abnormalities, diseases and injuries of thelocomotor system ortopedia

225. outbreak: series of cases of a disease which start suddenlybrote/epidemia

226. outpatient or outpatient’s department or clinic: department of a hospital which deals with outpatientsconsultorios externos

227. outpatient: patient living at home, who comes to the hospital for treatmentpaciente no hospitalizado/ no internado/ambulatorio

228. outreach: services provided for patients or the public outside a hospital or a clinic or local government department servicios de extensión / servicios de extensión

229. over-the-counter (OTC) drugs: drugs which can be bought freely at the chemist’s shop, and do not need a prescriptionmedicamentos de venta libre

230. paramedic: person in a profession linked to that of nurse, doctor or surgeonprofesional conectado con la medicina (enfermero, kinesiólogo)

231. pathologist: a) doctor who specializes in the study of diseases and the changes in the body caused by disease; he examines tissue specimens from patients and reports on the presence or absence of disease on them; b) doctor who examines dead bodies to find out the cause of deathpatólogo

232. pathology department: personnel in the pathology department study tissue specimensto help diagnose disease or determine causes of death (specialized medical department; only in large hospitals)servicio/sector de patología

233. pathology report: report on tests carried out to find the cause of a diseaseinforme patológico

234. pathology: study of diseases and the changes in structure and function which diseases cause in the bodypatología

235. pathophysiology: study of abnormal or diseased organs patofisiología

236. pay bed: bed (usually in a separate room) in a National Health Service hospital for which a patient pays separatelycama arancelada

237. pediatrics department: sick children requiring hospitalization are treated in the pediatrics department. There they are cared for by specially trained pediatric nurses or even nurse-practitioners who have received extra instruction in caring for sick children. Many hospitals have playrooms for children. A recreation director may supervise play, or avolunteer worker might be responsible for the playroomservicio/sector de pediatría

238. performance appraisal: evaluation of the performance of all staff in a hospitalevaluación de rendimiento

239. pharmacy: a) study of making and dispensing of drugs; b) shop or department in a hospital where drugs are preparedfarmacia

240. physician’s office: small private clinic owned by one physician where he practices the profession independently of any hospital consultorio médico

241. physical medicine: branch of medicine which deals with physical disabilities or with treatment of disorders after they have been diagnosedmedicina física

242. physician: registered doctor who is not a surgeon. In GB English “physician” refers to a specialist doctor, though not usually a surgeon, while in US English it is used for any qualified doctormédico

243. physiotherapy clinic: clinic where patients can have physiotherapy clínica de kinesiología / fisioterapia

244. physiotherapy: treatment of a disorder or condition by exercise or massage or heat treatment or infrared lamps, etc to restore strength, to restore function after a disease or injury, to correct a deformity fisioterapia/kinesiterapia

245. PMPM (per member per month): the reimbursement methodology most common to capitation. It is a negotiated amount that a health care provider agrees to receive for each covered beneficiary month in return for providing specified services for a defined populationmensual por afiliado (cápita)

246. Point of Service (POS): a method of providing medical services to enrollees where they have a choice of physicians to see. Rather than having to go to a clinic for services, the enrollee may choose the office of any physician who is part of the networkpunto de servicio

247. practice nurse: see nurse practitioner

248. practitioner: a doctor, a qualified person who practicesmédico

249. preadmission information: information given to a patient before he is admitted to hospitalinformación de antes de internarse

250. Preferred Provider Organization (PPO): plan similar to the HMO. The difference between them is that a PPO partially reimburses for services from a physician not on its preferred list while and HMO typically does not reimburse at all unless care is received from an HMO physicianSistema abierto de medicina prepaga (con reintegro)

251. prenatal diagnosis: see antenatal diagnosis

252. prescription drugs: drugs and medicines which chemists are not allowed to sell to people without prescriptionsmedicamentos recetados

253. prescription: order written by a doctor to a pharmacist asking for a drug to be prepared and given or sold to a patientreceta

254. prevention services: services that focus on keeping the population healthy or improving the health status of the population (e.g., immunizations, smoking cessation programs, and nutritional programs)servicios de prevención

255. preventive measure: step taken to prevent a disease from occurring. Preventive measures include immunization, vaccination, sterilization, quarantine and improving standards of housing and sanitation. Health education is also importantmedida preventiva

256. preventive medicine: medical action for preventing a disease from occurringmedicina preventiva

257. primary care physician (PCP): the physician who addresses the broad health needs ofthe population. These physicians usually serve as the gatekeepers of managed care organizationsmédico de cabecera

258. primary health care or primary medical care: treatment provided by a general practitioneratención primaria de salud

259. private hospital: hospital which takes only paying patientsclínica

260. private patient: patient who is paying for treatment, and who is not being treated under the National Health Servicepaciente particular

261. private practice: services of a doctor or surgeon or dentist which are paid for by the patients themselves (or by a medical insurance), but not by the National Health Serviceejercicio privado (de la profesión)

262. private room: room for only one person. This room is generally paid by the patient himself, but some major medical insurance systems pay for it. This means the patient pays a higher premium per month habitación privada

263. procedure: i) type of treatment; intervenciónii) treatment given at one timeacto médico

264. professional misconduct: action which is thought to be wrong by the body which regulates a profession (such as an action by a doctor which is considered wrong by the General Medical Council) falta de ética profesional

265. prognosis: opinion of how a disease or disorder will develop pronóstico

266. program: series of medical treatments given in a set way at set timesprograma de salud pública

267. progression of a disease: way in which a disease developscurso/desarrollo/evolución de una enfermedad

268. psychiatry department: for mental illnesses (specialized medical department; only in large hospitals)sector/servicio de psiquiatría

269. public health: health care for the public, provided by the government or local authority, including preventive medicine, sanitation and hygiene in public places salud/sanidad pública

270. public relations (PR): i) the work of forming in the minds of the general public a favorable opinion of an organization; ii) good relations between an organization and the publicrelaciones públicas

271. punched card: card with holes punched on it which a computer can readtarjeta perforada

272. recovery room: room in a hospital where a patient who has had an operation is placed until the effects of an anaesthetic have worn off and he can be moved into an ordinary ward. At the recovery room, the patient's overall condition is monitored carefully by skilled nurses for several hours. The recovery room may be large enough to hold several postoperative patients at the same time. Lifesaving emergency equipment is there for the rare times that it is neededsala de recuperación

273. referral: sending a patient to a specialistderivación

274. registrar: qualified doctor or surgeon in a hospital who supervises house officersjefe de admisión y residencia

275. rehabilitation medicine department: helps paralyzed patients and those with other limb problems gain the skills required for life outside the hospital (specialized medical

department; only in large hospitals)departamento de medicina de rehabilitación

276. rehabilitation: making a patient fit to work or to lead a normal liferehabilitación

277. reimbursement: repayment to someone of moneyreintegro

278. Relative Value Units (RVU): the amount of services determined to be appropriate to perform a specific health care procedure. Resources include human resources, capital resources and operational suppliesunidades de valores relativos

279. relief (US): see benefit

280. remedial activity: curing or helping activity; intended to provide a remedyactividad asistencial

281. residency slots: a place or position in the residencyvacantes para residentes

282. resident doctor or nurse: doctor or nurse who lives in a certain building (such as an old people’s home)residente

283. residential care: care of patients either in a hospital or at home (but not as outpatients)cuidado en instituciones

284. resource-based relative value system (RBRVS): a system established by Medicare toreimburse participating physicians based on relative resource utilization measured by relative value units and cost adjustment factorsescala basada en el valor relativo de los recursos

285. resourse-based relative value unit (RBRVU): a measure of relative resourse consumption associated with providing a service and intended to correlate with the price paid for the itemunidades de valores relativos

286. revenue: incomeutilidades/ganancias

287. sanitation: the use of means for protecting public health, especially by the removing and treatment of wastesanidad/saneamiento

288. scheduling: planning of things to be done or to be dealt with in future periodsplaneamiento

289. school health service: special service, part of the Local Health Authority, which looks after the health of children in schoolservicio médico de la escuela / sanidad escolar

290. screening: process of selection of people for positions at an organization, institution orhospitalselección

291. secondary medical care: specialized treatment provided by a hospital tratamientos más complejos

292. secondary prevention: ways (such as screening tests) of avoiding a serious disease by detecting it earlyprevención secundaria

293. self-care: looking after yourself properly, so that you remain healthyautoayuda

294. self-governing hospital: NHS hospital trust, a hospital which earns its revenue from services provided to District State Authorities and family doctorshospital autónomo

295. semiprivate room: room which accommodates two to four personshabitación compartida

296. seniority: official advantage coming from the length of one’s service in an organizationantiguedad

297. side rails: rails at the side of a bed which can be lifted to prevent a patient from falling outbarandas

298. side-effect: effect produced by a drug or treatment which is not the main effect intendedefectos secundarios

299. sister in charge: senior nurse in charge of a hospital wardenfermera de sala / caba

300. sister: senior nurseenfermera jefa

301. sleeping facilities: some hospitals provide sleeping facilities for a parent so that he or she can be near the hospitalized child and provide a measure of care. In this way the child is spared some of the anxiety and fear of being sick among strangers. To help allay fears, some pediatrics sections encourage children to visit the hospital before they are admitted for treatmentdormitorios

302. social disease: sexually transmitted diseasesenfermedades venéreas

303. social medicine: medicine as applied to treatment of diseases which occur in certain social groupsmedicina social

304. social security: payments made by the government to people or families who need moneyseguridad social

305. social worker: government official who works to improve living standards of groups (such as families)asistente/trabajador social

306. special care baby unit: unit in a hospital which deals with premature babies or babies with serious disorderssala de neonatología

307. special hospital: hospital for dangerous mental patientshospital especializado

308. specialist: doctor who specializes in a certain branch of medicineespecialista

309. specialization: i) act of specializing in a certain branch of medicine;especialización ii) particular branch of medicine which a doctor specializes inespecialidad/especialización

310. specialty: particular branch of medicineespecialidad

311. sports medicine: study of the treatment of sports injuriesmedicina del deporte

312. staff nurse: nurse who is on the permanent staff of a hospitalenfermera de sala

313. staff: people who work in a hospital, clinic, doctor’s surgery, etcpersonal/empleados

314. staffers: members of the staffmiembros del personal

315. staffing: providing with a staff, as of workersdotación de personal

316. stage: point in the development of a disease, which allows a decision to be taken aboutthe treatment which should be givenetapa

317. State Enrolled Nurse (SEN): nurse who has passed examinations successfully in one of the special courses of study. They follow a two-year course to qualify in general nursing(ENG), mental nursing (ENM) or nursing mentally handicapped patients (ENMH)enfermera que ha cursado estudios de dos años

318. stress management: any system of recognizing, controlling and reducing one´s reactions to the stresses of everyday life, especially those connected with the business world. Such a system usually includes various methods of relaxationmanejo del estrés

319. subscriber/enrollee: someone who is enrolled to receive the use of a service over a period of time and for which he or she paysafiliados

320. support groups: group of people who meet to help each other with a particular problem, for example, alcoholismgrupos de apoyo

321. surgeon general: government official responsible for all aspects of public health director de servicios de salud / ministro de salud

322. surgeon: doctor who specializes in surgerycirujano

323. surgery department: a typical operating room contains a tiltable operating table, bright overhead light, and instrument stands. It also has a suction machine to draw off mucus or remove fluids from an open wound; a preparation table for gauze pads and antiseptics; and a stand that holds sponges, or special pieces of gauze, used during an operation. Certain operating rooms are specially set up for unique types of surgery. When open-heart surgery is done, for example, the operating room must have a heart-lung machine to take over the jobs of those immobilized organs. Some injuries or other disorders can best be corrected only through surgery. Major surgery is usually performed in a hospital operating room, though minor surgery may be performed in the office of a

physician who has a private practicesector de cirugía

324. surgery: a) treatment of a disease or disorder which requires an operation to cut into orto remove or to manipulate tissue or organs or parts;cirugía/intervención quirúrgica b) room where a doctor or dentist sees and examines patientsconsultorio

325. surgical intervention: treatment of illness by surgerycirugía

326. surgical ward: ward in a hospital for patients who have to have operationssala de cirugía

327. teaching hospital: hospital attached to a medical school where student doctors work and study as part of their training hospital docente / escuela

328. technician: qualified person who does practical work in a laboratory or scientific institutiontécnico

329. technique: way of doing scientific or medical work técnica/método/procedimiento

330. terminal care: care provided to somebody who is dyingcuidados terminales

331. terminal illness: illness from which the patient will soon dieenfermedad terminal

332. test: short examination to see if a sample is healthy or if part of the body is working well prueba/reacción/ensayo

333. theater nurse: nurse who is specially trained to a surgeon during an operationenfermera quirúrgica

334. therapy: treatment of a patient to help cure a disease or disorderterapia/tratamiento

335. treatment: way of looking after a sick or injured person or to try to cure a sick person; way of trying to cure a diseasetratamiento

336. trial: testensayo

337. unprofessional conduct: action by a professional person (a doctor or nurse, etc) whichis considered wrong by the body which regulates the profession conducta poco profesional

338. VD clinic: clinic specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseasesclínica para el tratamiento de enfermedades venéreas

339. visiting times: times of day when friends are allowed into a hospital to visit patientshorario de visitas

340. vital statistics: official statistics relating to the population of a place (such as the percentage of the live births per thousand, the incidence of a certain disease, the number ofbirths and deaths)estadísticas demográficas

341. voluntary admission: admitting a patient into a psychiatric hospital with the consent of the patientinternación voluntaria

342. waiting list: list of patients waiting for admission to hospital usually for treatment of non-urgent disorders lista de espera/turno

343. waiting room: room at a doctor’s or dentist’s surgery where patients waitsala de espera

344. waiting time: period between the time when the name of a patient has been put on the waiting list and his admission into hospital tiempo de espera

345. ward nurse: nurse who works in a hospital wardenfermera de sala

346. ward sister: see sister in charge

347. ward: room or set of rooms in a hospital with beds for the patients. It usually accomodates four or more persons so it is the least expensivesala/pabellón

348. welfare: i) condition of health, confort and happinesbienestar socialii) help provided for people with social problems, money difficulties, etcasistencia social

iii) (in the US) (the system of) government money paid to people in special needprestaciones sociales

349. well-woman clinic: clinic which specializes in preventive medicine for women (such as breast screening and cervical smear tests) and gives advice on pregnancy, contraception,the menopause, etcclínica de medicina preventiva para la mujer

350. woman's ward or woman's hospital: ward or hospital for female patientsclínica de la mujer

351. worker’s compensation: the compensation to an employee for injury or occupational disease suffered in connection with employment, paid under a government-supervised insurance system contributed to by employersindemnización laboral

352. World Health Organization (WHO): organization (part of the United Nations Organization) which aims to improve health in the world by teaching or publishing information, etcOrganización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)

353. X-ray department: a medical specialist called a radiologist uses X rays and other forms of energy to determine conditions inside the body. X-ray and other images are taken in the hospital radiology department. Another kind of specialist, called a neuroradiologist, uses X-ray or nuclear techniques to diagnose and treat diseases of the brain and central nervous system. Also, radiation generated by powerful machines in the radiation medicine department is used by radiation oncologists to treat certain diseases, particularly cancerdepartamento de radiología

Contralistado

actividad asistencial: remedial activity acto médico: procedure administrador: administrator/ manager afiliado: member/subscriber/enrollee agente de propaganda médica (APM): drug representative alta: discharge ambulanciero: ambulanceman antigüedad: seniority archivos: card-index file área de cobertura: catchment area asegurado: member asilo de niños: children´s home asilo: asylum asistencia médica: medical assistance asistencia posoperatoria: aftercare asistencia social: welfare asistencia: care asistente de hospital: hospital orderly asistente social: social worker asistir: (to) nurse Asociación de ejercicio independiente de la medicina: independent practice

association (IPA) atención comunitaria: community services atención primaria de salud: primary health care or primary medical care atender (a un paciente): (to) attend/ nurse autoayuda: self-care

auxiliar médico-social: medical social worker auxilio médico: medical aid ayuda domiciliaria: home help ayuda familiar: home help barandas: side rails beneficio: benefit (Br.)/ relief (US): bienestar social: welfare boletín informativo: hospital newsletter brote: outbreak caba: sister in charge cama arancelada: pay bed cama de agudos: acute bed cama de hospital: hospital bed cama: hospital bed camillero: hospital orderly capitación: capitation casa de convalescencia: convalescent home casa de reposo: nursing home casa-cuna: day nursery caso de solución en el día: day case/day patient caso: case centro de consulta médica para mujeres embarazadas: antenatal clinic/ maternity

clinic centro de consultas: clinic centro de salud: health center centro hospitalario: general hospital centro médico no hospitalario: nursing home centro médico: medical center centro para pacientes terminales: hospice certificado médico: medical certificate chata: bedpan cirugía cardiovascular: cardiac surgery cirugía exploradora: exploratory surgery cirugía mayor: major surgery cirugía menor: day surgery/minor sugery cirugía: surgery/ surgical intervention cirujano: surgeon clínica de fisioterapia: physiotherapy clinic clínica de kinesiología: physiotherapy clinic clínica de la mujer: woman's ward or woman's hospital clínica de medicina preventiva para la mujer: well-woman clinic clínica de planificación familiar: family planning clinic clínica de reposo: convalescent home

clínica de salud de la comunidad: neighborhood health clinic clínica para el tratamiento de enfermedades venéreas: VD clinic clínica: clinic/ private hospital clínico (adj.): clinical clínico (sust.): clinician cocina: kitchen Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja: International Committee of the Red Cross

(ICRC) conducta poco profesional: unprofessional conduct conductor de ambulancia: ambulanceman consejero de salud mental: mental health counselor consultorio atendido por un grupo de médicos: group practice consultorio médico: physician’s office consultorio: clinic consultorio: surgery consultorios externos: outpatient or outpatient’s department or clinic cuerpo de enfermería: nursing staff cuerpo de enfermeros: nursing staff cuerpo médico: medical staff cuidado de la salud: health care cuidado de postratamiento: aftercare cuidado en instituciones: residential care cuidados intensivos: intensive care cuidados terminales: terminal care cuidar: (to) nurse curso de una enfermedad: progression of a disease demografía: demography departamento de historias clínicas: medical records department departamento de medicina de rehabilitación: rehabilitation medicine department departamento de nutrición: nutrition department departamento de radiología: X-ray department departamento de terapia correctiva: corrective therapy department departamento de terapia rehabilitatoria / rehabilitativa: corrective therapy

department derivación: referral desarrollo de una enfermedad: progression of a disease diagnosticar: (to) diagnose diagnóstico diferencial: differential diagnosis diagnóstico: diagnosis días de internación: bed days director de servicios de salud: surgeon general directorio: board of directors dispensario: health center / nursing home

doctor en medicina: medical doctor (MD) dormitorios: sleeping facilities dotación de personal: staffing educación en/para la salud: health education educador especializado en salud: health educator efectos secundarios: side-effect ejercicio privado (de la profesión): private practice emergencia: accident and emergency department (A&E)/accident ward/casualty

ward/emergency ward empleados: staff encargada de enfermería: nursing manager enfermedad terminal: terminal illness enfermedades venéreas: social disease enfermera de atención ambulatoria: district nurse/home nurse enfermera de piso (que lleva al enfermo hasta la sala de operaciones): escort nurse enfermera de quirófano: operating department assistance (ODA) enfermera de sala: sister in charge/ward nurse/ staff nurse/ ward sister / staff nurse enfermera de salud ocupacional: occupational health (OH) nurse enfermera especializada en atención primaria de la salud: nurse practitioner/

practice nurse enfermera especializada en clínica: clinical nurse specialist enfermera extrahospitalaria: district nurse/home nurse enfermera jefa: charge nurse/sister enfermera psiquiátrica comunitaria: Community Psiquiatric Nurse (CPN) enfermera que ha cursado estudios de dos años: (State) Enrolled Nurse (SEN) /

Enrolled Nurse (EN) enfermera que tiene a su cuidado a los pacientes de un distrito: district nurse/home

nurse enfermera quirúrgica: theater nurse enfermera sanitaria: Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) enfermera: nurse enfermería: infirmary enfermero de ambulancia: ambulanceman enfermero: hospital orderly enfermo del corazón: cardiac patient ensayo clínico multicéntrico: multicentric trial ensayo clínico: clinical trial ensayo: test / trial epidemia: outbreak escala basada en el valor relativo de los recursos: resource-based relative value

system (RBRVS) escuela maternal: nursery school especialidad: specialization/ specialty

especialista en geriatría: geriatrician especialista: specialist especialización: specialization estadía prolongada: long-stay estadía promedio de internación: average length of stay (ALOS) estadísticas demográficas: vital statistics estudio de/por casos: case study etapa: stage evaluación de rendimiento: performance appraisal evolución de una enfermedad: progression of a disease examen prenatal: antenatal diagnosis/ prenatal diagnosis extensión sanatorial: outreach falta de ética profesional: professional misconduct farmacia: pharmacy ficha: file card / index card fichero: card index / catalogue filtro: gatekeeper fisioterapia: physiotherapy franquicia: deductible gabinete: laboratory /lab galeno: medico ganancias: revenue geriatra: geriatrician gestión de los servicios de salud: managed care gestión hospitalaria: hospital management grupos calificados por diagnóstico: diagnosis-related groups (DRG) grupos de apoyo: support groups guardería diurna: day nursery guardería infantil: day nursery habitación compartida: semiprivate room habitación privada: private room historia clínica: case history / medical history historia clínica: medical record hogar de ancianos: nursing home hogar de convalecencia: nursing home hogar diurno: day nursery horario de visitas: visiting times hospital (no especializado): general hospital hospital autónomo: self-governing hospital hospital de agudos: acute care hospital hospital de corta estadía: acute care hospital hospital de día: day hospital hospital de infecciosos: isolation hospital

hospital de pabellones: cottage hospital hospital docente: teaching hospital hospital escuela: teaching hospital hospital especializado: special hospital hospital geriátrico: geriatric unit or ward or hospital hospital psiquiátrico: mental hospital hospital: hospital impuesto de salud: health tax indemnización laboral: worker’s compensation índice de ocupación de camas: bed occupancy rate información de antes de internarse: preadmission information informe patológico: pathology report ingreso: admission institución: institution instituto: institution internación voluntaria: voluntary admission internación: admission internista: internist interno de hospital: house officer interno: houseman/ intern intervención quirúrgica seria: major surgery intervención quirúrgica: surgery/ surgical intervention intervención: intervention/ procedure jefe de admisión y residencia: registrar junta de administración: board of directors junta directiva: board of directors junta hospitalaria: hospital trust kinesiterapia: physiotherapy laboratorio: laboratory /lab lavandería: laundry licencia: license licenciado: licentiate lista de espera: waiting list madre lactante: nursing mother manejo de caso: case management manejo del estrés: stress management manera de tratar a los pacientes: bedside manner matrícula: license medicación: medication medicamento: medication/ medicine medicamentos de venta libre: over-the-counter (OTC) drugs medicamentos recetados: prescription drugs medicina alternativa: fringe medicine

medicina clínica: clinical medicine medicina comunitaria: community medicine medicina del deporte: sports medicine medicina física: physical medicine medicina forense: forensic medicine medicina general: general practice medicina interna: internal medicine medicina legal: forensic medicine medicina preventiva: preventive medicine medicina social: social medicine medicina: medicine médico clínico: general practitioner (GP) / generalist médico de cabecera: family doctor/ primary care physician (PCP) / attending

physician médico de turno: attending physician médico: medical doctor (MD) médico: physician/ practitioner medida preventiva: preventive measure mejoramiento continuo de la calidad: continuum quality improvement (CQI) mensual por afiliado: PMPM (per member per month) mesa de operaciones: operating table método: technique miembros del personal: staffers ministro de salud: surgeon general morgue: morgue neonatología: hospital nursery nosocomio: hospital nutricionista: nutritionist nutriólogo: nutritionist obra social para carenciados: MEDICAID obra social para jubilados: MEDICARE obstetra: obstetrician obstetricia y ginecología: obstetrics and gynecology department /OB/GYN obstetricia: obstetrics oficial de enfermería: nursing officer oficial de salud ambiental: Environmental Health Officer (EHO) or Public Health

Inspector oficial médico principal: chief medical officer optometría: optometry optometrista: optometrist ordenanza: hospital orderly Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS): World Health Organization (WHO) ortopedia: orthopedics/orthopedic hospital

ortopedista: orthopedic surgeon pabellón: ward paciente ambulatorio: outpatient / day case paciente de estadía prolongada: long stay patient paciente hospitalizado: inpatient paciente no hospitalizado: outpatient paciente no internado: outpatient paciente particular: private patient paciente postrado en cama: bedridden patient pago por acto médico: fee-for-service (FFS) system paramédico de urgencias: emergency medical technician (EMT) patofisiología: pathophysiology patología clínica: clinical pathology patología: pathology patólogo: pathologist persona que presta primeros auxilios: first aider personal auxiliar: ancillary staff personal de cocina: kitchen personal no matriculado: non-licensed personnel personal: staff plan de atención: care plan plan de cuidados: care plan plan de prepaga: care plan planeamiento: scheduling prestación: benefit (Br.)/ relief (US): prestaciones sociales: welfare prevención secundaria: secondary prevention primeros auxilios: first aid procedimiento: technique profesional conectado con la medicina: paramedic profesionales de la salud: health care specialist programa de salud pública: program pronóstico: prognosis prueba: test pruebas para establecer el diagnóstico: diagnostic test psiquiátrico: asylum puesto de primeros auxilios: first aid post or station punto de servicio: Point of Service (POS) quirófano: operating room (OR)/ operating theater reacción: test recepcionista: clinic recepcionist receta: prescription rehabilitación: rehabilitation

reintegro: indemnity / reimbursement relaciones públicas: public relations (PR) remedio: medicine residencia de estudiantes: dormitory residente de hospital: house officer/ resident doctor or nurse sala de calderas: boiler room sala de cirugía: surgical ward sala de enfermería: nurses station sala de espera: waiting room sala de neonatología (período perinatal): baby clinic sala de neonatología: special care baby unit sala de operaciones: operating room (OR) sala de parto: delivery room sala de pediatría (después del período perinatal): baby clinic sala de recuperación: day recovery ward / recovery room sala de urgencias: accident ward sala: ward salud pública: public health saneamiento: sanitation sanidad escolar: school health service sanidad pública: public health sanidad: sanitation sección de asistencia médica: medical ward secretaria: medical secretary sector de cirugía: surgery department sector/servicio de enfermería: nursing department sector/servicio de neurología: neurology department sector/servicio de psiquiatría: psychiatry department sector/servicio de quemados: burns unit Seguridad Social: National Insurance seguridad social: social security seguro colectivo: group health insurance seguro de grupo: group health insurance seguro médico: health insurance/ medical insurance seguro por incapacidad: disability insurance selección: screening servicio de asistencia sanitaria de la Seguridad Social: National Health Service (NHS) servicio de catástrofe: disaster plans servicio de limpieza: housekeeping department servicio de mantenimiento: maintenance department servicio médico de la escuela: school health service servicio médico: health service servicio/sector de cardiología: cardiology department

servicio/sector de dermatología: dermatology department servicio/sector de patología: pathology department servicio/sector de pediatría: pediatrics department servicios comunitarios: community services servicios de extensión: outreach servicios de prevención: prevention services servicios de salud gerenciados: managed health care Sistema abierto de medicina prepaga (con reintegro): Preferred Provider

Organization (PPO) sistema de medicina prepaga: Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) sistema de reintegro: indemnity insurance plans sistema de seguro médico: Blue Cross or Blue Shield Sistema Integrado de Atención: Integrated Delivery System (IDS) or Networks (IDN) sistema visita sin límite horario: open visiting supervisor de salud mental: mental health supervisor tarjeta índice: index card tarjeta perforada: punched card tasa de ocupación de camas: occupancy rate técnica: technique técnicas de laboratotio: laboratory techniques técnico de laboratorio: laboratory technician técnico: technician terapia de grupo: group therapy terapia intensiva: intensive care / intensive care unit (ICU) terapia: therapy tiempo de espera: waiting time tocoginecología: OB/GYN tocología: obstetrics tocólogo: obstetrician trabajador de alcance comunitario: community outreach worker trabajador de la salud: caregiver / carer trabajador médico-social: medical social worker trabajador social: social worker tratamiento poshospitalario: aftercare tratamiento: medical intervention/ medication/ nursing intervention/ therapy/

treatment tratamientos más complejos: secondary medical care traumatólogo: orthopedic surgeon turno: waiting list unidad coronaria: coronary care unit (CCU) unidad de cuidado intensivo: intensive care unit (ICU) unidades de valores relativos: Relative Value Units (RVU) utilidades: revenue

vacantes para residentes: residency slots visitador médico: drug representative visitadora de salud: health visitor zona de captación: catchment area zona de influencia: catchment area

Bibliografía

Alfred Persily, Nancy, Eldercare, Positioning Your Hospital for the Future, AmericanHospital Publishing, Inc., 1991

Business Spanish Dictionary, Peter Collin Publishing, 1997 Collin, P. H., Dictionary of Medicine, second edition, Peter Collin Publishing, 1993 Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia, Compton's New Media, 1194 Diccionario de Ciencias Médicas Dorland´s, El Ateneo, 1966 Dictionary of English Language and Culture, Longman, 1993 Encarta 97 Encyclopedia, Microsoft Corporation, 1993-1996 English Language Dictionary, Collins Cobuild, 1192 Language Activator, Longman, 1994 Orellana, Marina, Glosario Internacional para el Traductor, tercer edición, Editorial

Universitaria, 1994 Ruiz Torres, Diccionario de Términos Médicos, octava edición, Zirtabe, 1995 Simon and Schuster´s International Dictionary, Simon & Schuster, Inc. The Oxford Spanish Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1994 Webster´s New World Dictionary, Third College Edition, Prentice Hall, 1991

Asesores

Ann Goldman, Epidemióloga, The George Washington University, Medical Center,International Health Care Consulting Group

Douglas Davenport, Finanzas y Gerencia de Hospitales, The George WashingtonUniversity, Medical Center, International Health Care Consulting Group

Dr. Eduardo Farías, Instituto de Cardiología de Corrientes “Juana Francisca Cabral”

Dr. Eduardo Tssano, Instituto de Cardiología de Corrientes “Juana Francisca Cabral” Dr. Reynaldo Jorge Badaracco, Director, Instituto de Cardiología de Corrientes “Juana

Francisca Cabral” Luis Maldonado, Consultor en Gestión Hospitalaria/Relaciones Intergubernamentales, The

George Washington University, Medical Center, International Health Care ConsultingGroup