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Inspection &
Maintenanceo Drill PipeA general guideline to
maintaining drill strings
www.odfellwellservices.com
http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/
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2Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Contents3. Introduction
4. Description o a common inspection
6. Measurements
7. Magnetic particle inspection
8. Ultrasonic testing
9. Electromagnetic inspection (EMI)11. What to look or when inspecting
14. Drill pipe repair
21. Repair companies
22. Documentation & traceability
24. Presentation & storage
25. Why use thread compounds?
26. Pipe storage
27. Preservation
28. Recommendations
29. Thread compounds
31. Inspection standards33. Inspection companies
34. A general view on the necessary certifications
or a thread inspector
37. Approval certification
38. Documentation / Reporting
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3Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
IntroductionThis gives an introduction to the processes involved in inspecting and repairing o
used drill pipe. We will list the most common inspection specifications, describe the
differences between the standards and describe the process o being certified to the
various standards. We will also describe the various repair scenarios on drill pipe and
the certification process involved or companies that perorm repairs.
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4Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Description o a common inspectionWhen the drill pipe is received or inspection, all joints should be properly cleaned both
internally and externally.
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5Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
The following steps are mandatory:
VTI is a non-destructive inspection method that is based on the inspector using his eyes and hands.
Any reduced eyesight might cause the inspector to miss vital flaws.
Visual thread inspection (VTI)
Example o check with a profile gauge Example o use o finger tips on a VTI inspection
Tools required
• Flashlight
• Profile gauges
• Magniying mirror
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6Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
On a VTI it is normal to make all vital measurements on the connections.
The results need to match the standards given in the inspection specification.
Measurements
Example o OD gauge o tube Example o a check with a slide caliper
Tools required
• Various calipers (slide caliper etc.)
• Thread gauges
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7Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Magnetic particle method is a non-destructive testing method revealing
material deects in the surace, and just below the surace, in erromagnetic
(magnetic) materials.
A magnetic field is applied to an object. The magnetic field will penetrate the
surace o the object. Any errors in the surace will alter the power o the
magnetic field lines.
These power lines outside and around the damage orms(delete s) a leakage
field. This leakage field can be detected by adding iron particles (in powder
orm) on the surace. These particles clump together in and around the
leakage field.
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI)
Example o connection checked with UV light
Example o applying fluorescent magnet powder
Tools required
• Coil
• AC Yoke
• Direct current flow
An object can be magnetized with
several methods:
Magnet fieldLeakage field
Depth errors
Magnet fieldShallow imperection
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8Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Ultrasonic testing is a nondestructive testing method that uses radio requencies to determine a
materials entirety. Impulse-echo method is the most used method in industry. An array o transducer one
sound waves are sent into the material, penetrating it at a constant speed (the speed o sound o the
material). The sound waves are reflected rom the back wall o the object back to the probes.
Any imperections in the material will appear as peaks between the initial and the reflecting echo.
Ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic screen Ultrasonic measurement determining wall thickness.
Reflector
Object/Workpiece
0 2 4 6 8 10
Transmission pulse/Start echo
Back wall echo
Deect
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9Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Primarily the eddy-current and flux-leakage methods are used to detect imperections.
NOTE: Electromagnetic “Inspection Systems” made for use in the field sometimes include equipment
for performing additional inspections or services.
Source: API RP 5A5, Field Inspection o New Casing, Tubing, and Plain-end Drill Pipe, Reaffirmed August 2010. Global
Electromagnetic inspection (EMI)
Examples o EMI unit
Examples o EMI unit
Example o EMI probes Example o EMI control screen
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10Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Every inspection is to be finalized with a
documentation of the service/inspection; the
inspection report.
Any damage that cannot be repaired in the field,
has to go to a workshop.
Example o an inspection report
ID Date
P.O. No
Work Order
Customer Ref.
Location
Drillpipe Summary Report
EQUIPMENT
SURFACE CONDITION
Fluorescent
Black/White
EMI Scope No. End Area Tool No. Yoke No.
Thick. Gauge No. UV Light No. Coil No.
Internal Qty External Qty ID Condition
MATERIAL
INSPECTION RESULTS
Comments
Class2
Scrap
RECUT
Pin
Box
SHOP
REFACE
Pin
Box
Premium
HARDBANDING SER. NO.
RESTAMP
x 1
x 2
TUBE TOOL
JOINT
Joints Total
PLASTIC
COATING
Ok
Damaged
No Coat.
BENT
Pin
Box
Joints
FIELD
REFACE
Customer
CERT. NO.
NAME :
NDT Level II Inspector
CLASS
Number of Joints Inspected
Number of Hardbanding Repair
Number of Joints Require Shop Repair
Number of Class2 & Scrap
Number of Joints Ready For Use
Number of Premium After Repair
(Not Included In Recut Joints)
Re-Cut with HB Damage)(
Rig
Tube OD Threads Range Grade Tube
Weight Nom Wall Nom TJ OD Nom TJ IDLbs/Ft
Lot No.
Min TJ OD
OK
XT300 Rep.
OTW12 Rep.
Field Repair
Grinding Tongmarks
and Slipcuts
Protectors Supplied By
Euroincon
Hours
Hours
Qty.
SPECIFICATIONS DS 1 Cat. 4Spec. NS-2
Receipt Insp. Spec.Spec.VTI Only
Cat. 5
CLEANING 1400 bar 1400 bar
2000 bar 2000 bar
Special Special
Hard Pollution Hard Pollution
*TBA-To beapplied
PIN BOX
HDLS
il
i
- il
i lil
i i
i i i
i
i i
i i
l
i .
i l
ll i
i i li l
Wehereby confirmthattheabove materialhasbeeninspectedinaccordancewithspecifiedinsp. proc., P.O. andEuroinconW.O.
Plastic Coated:
Hardbanding: Pin
Yes No
BoxPresent TBA*
Dope Applied
Well No.
l. .
ll i
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11Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Here are some examples o damage typical to connections.
This is everyday damage that cannot be repaired on site.
What to look or when inspecting
Galled thread
Crack indications in thread Crack indication in box connection
Crack indication in outside upset
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12Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Galled seal Stabbing damage to shoulder
What to look or when inspecting
Pulled thread Overtorqued threads
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13Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
What to look or when inspecting
Washout in connection
Washout in connection
Pitting/corrosion in pin SRG
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14Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Drill pipe repair
Whether you need to take the pipe to a repair shop or it can fixed in
the field, is dependent on the degree o damage to the joints.
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15Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Double shouldered connections or severe
shoulder damage, require a shop reace.
Grinding
Field repair
Grinding Pin threads
Grinding Box threads
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16Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Reace o a damaged connection shoulder is done with a special shoulder dressing tool.
There are several types available on the market, but the same principle applies to all o them.
A reaced shoulder should be flat and at right angles to the threads.
Field reace
Reacing tool
Reacing o shoulder
Damaged shoulder
Reaced shoulder
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17Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Double shouldered
connections or severe
shoulder damage,
require shop reace.
A ull repair (recut) o
a connection has
to be done in a
proper and
authorized workshop.
Shop reace
Shop recut
Recut o pin
Ater shop reace
Recut o Box
Beore shop reace
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18Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Both pin & box
connections are
marked ater a recut.
This is to determinethe space let or
(uture) reace. The
most common way
to mark this is either
with a stamp, or a
machined groove.
Benchmark
Stamped mark Machined groove
Principle sketch
Ater recut, the
thread root
is cold rolled to
compress the fibers.
This will restrictany evolvement
o atigue.
Cold working
Cold Working tool
ROLLER
LOAD
AFTER ROLLING,THESE FIBERS REMAININ COMPRESSION
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19Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
A copper sulated
shoulder will last
longer. This is done
ater the reace/shop
reace to reduce the
risk o galling
and corrosion.
Phosphatization o
connections is done
in a chemical bath
ater a recut. This
process increases the
durability o
the connections.
Both copper sulating
and phosphatization
is done to prevent
galling and provide
corrosion resistance.
Copper sulating
Phosphatization
Copper sulated shoulder
Chemical bath
Due to several reasons,
drill pipe can be
bent during drilling
operations. A bent
pipe is straightened
without the use o
preheating. A hydraulic
press is to be used.
Straightening obent drill pipe
Hydraulic press
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20Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Worn out hardbanding
needs to be grinded
down beore a new
one is welded on.Some materials will
not blend properly,
and the hardbanding
has to be removed
completely beore a
new one is welded on.
Internal Plastic
Coating (IPC) is
designed to enhance
the perormance o
tubulars by reducing
wear and corrosion,and improving
hydraulic efficiency.
Hardbanding
Recoat
Worn out hardbanding
Coating
Rewelded
21I i & M i f D ill Pi
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21Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Repair companies
A proper workshop or repair and rework on the drill pipe should have
a quality, well managed system.
Here’s a sample o a certified quality system. For abrication or repair o a connection, the
machine shop needs to be licensed or that
particular type o connection. Here’s a sample o
such a type o certificate.
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22Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Documentation and traceability
All repairs must be traceable. It starts with the
inspection and must ollow the whole process
until the finalized repair.
Sample o Inspection Report or drill pipe;
The Repair report states the individual (unique) equipment number or a
repair, and also what needs to be repaired (highlighted on report).
ID Date
P.O. No
Work Order
Customer Ref.
Location
Drillpipe Summary Report
EQUIPMENT
SURFACE CONDITION
Fluorescent
Black/White
EMI Scope No. End Area Tool No. Yoke No.
Thick. Gauge No. UV Light No. Coil No.
Internal Qty External Qty ID Condition
MATERIAL
INSPECTION RESULTS
Comments
Class2
Scrap
RECUT
Pin
Box
SHOP
REFACE
Pin
Box
Premium
HAR DB ANDING S ER . NO.
RESTAMP
x 1
x 2
TUB E TOOL
JOINT
Joints Total
PLASTIC
COATING
Ok
Damaged
No Coat.
BENT
Pin
Box
Joints
FIELD
REFACE
Customer
CERT. NO.
NAME :
NDT Level II Inspector
CLASS
Number of Joints Inspected
Number of Hardbanding Repair
Number of Joints Require Shop Repair
Number of Class2 & Scrap
Number of Joints Ready For Use
Number of Premium After Repair
(Not Included In Recut Joints)
Re-Cut with HB Damage)(
Rig
Tube OD Threads Range Grade Tube
Weight Nom Wall Nom TJ OD Nom TJ IDLbs/Ft
Lot No.
Min TJ OD
OK
XT300 Rep.
OTW12 Rep.
Field Repair
Grinding Tongmarks
and Slipcuts
Protectors Supplied By
Euroincon
Hours
Hours
Qty.
SPECIFICATIONS DS 1 Cat. 4Spec. NS-2
Receipt Insp. Spec.Spec.VTI Only
Cat. 5
CLEANING 1400 bar 1400 bar
2000 bar 2000 bar
Special Special
Hard Pollution Hard Pollution
*TBA - To be applied
PIN BOX
HDLS
il
i
- il
i lil
i i
i i i
i
i i
i i
l
i
i l
ll i
i i l
i l
Weherebyconfirm thattheabove materialhasbeen inspectedinaccordancewithspecifiedinsp. proc., P.O.and EuroinconW.O.
Plastic Coated:
Hardbanding: Pin
Yes No
BoxPresent TBA*
Dope Applied
Well No.
l
ll i
Summary Report (Front page)
Required repair
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23Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
The repair shop will issue their report ater arepair. In this case a thread certificate (machining
report) with the same reerence to the unique
equipment number, the standard used (Spec.),
etc. or traceability.
Thread certificate
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24Inspection & Maintenance of Drill Pipe
Preservation & Storage
Preservation & storage
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p p
The drawing is a portion o a thread detail with API buttress threads, showing the compressible
lubricant/pipe sealant in the gaps o the threaded connection.
Why use thread compounds?
Thread compounds suitable or use in
vertical and horizontal oil & gas wells using
«API» oil country tubular goods tubing
(OCTG), casing, and line pipe are designed to:
• Provide lubricate
• Plug the thread clearance
• Prevent contamination o the naturalenvironment
• Prevent galling or scratches
• Provide a coefficient o riction consistent
with the connection requirements.
Used as an example, also valid or drill pipe threads
PIN
BOX
G2
C
G1
C
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• Do not put the pipe directly on the ground. The first layer o pipe should be
no less than 0.3m above the ground.
• The height o the pipe stack on a rack shall not exceed 2.5 m, and the pipe
shall be secured with post to prevent rolling out.
• When the pipe is laid in several rows, place 3 wooden blocks between each
row so that the tool-joint elements do not touch each other.
• Pipe shall be laid with boxes in the same directions
• Rejected pipe or pipe going to be repaired, shall be laid on a separate rack
and clearly identified
Pipe storage
Recommendations or pipe storage:
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The use o protective compounds to protect equipment during storage and use.
Picture shows dope where water has penetrated
- gray color. May indicate that the protector has
not tightened, or that temperature fluctuations
may have caused the loosening.
Preservation
Example o shoulder damage due to insufficient protector installation.
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The ollowing are recommendations or the application and use
o our thread compound on connections
Upon opening the container, the product should
be stirred with either a dope brush or other
suitable device to re-blend any oil separation or
settling o the component solids that may have
occurred during shipment and storage.
Never add any material such as diesel uel,
kerosene, motor oil, etc. to improve the ease
o application.
All connections contact suraces should be
cleaned and ree o storage or prior running
compound, drilling fluids and any other
contaminant residues prior to the applications o
the compound.
Contaminant residues, when mixed with
the thread compound during connections
engagement can substantially change the
riction actor and galling resistance o the thread
compound. A small amount o moisture in most
cases is unavoidable and will not affect compoundperormance.
Note: These are general procedures not
intended to replace the recommendations of t he
connection manufactures.
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Thread compounds
Where are threadcompounds used?
Coat primary shoulder onintererence designs
Fill threads, only root to crest
Too much compound interereswith connection make-up, toolittle may result in galling
Coat secondary shoulder orseal area on applicableconnection designs
Example:Double Shouldered Connection
Ensure the connection is as reeo drilling fluid as possible.Rinsing may be required
SecondarySeal
PrimaryMakeupShoulder(or RSC’s)
P i n
B
o x
Threads
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What quantity o threads compound is
required on rotary shoulder connections?
Insufficient thread compound coverage or rotary
shoulder connections
Proper Tread compound coverage or
or rotary shoulder connections
Drill pipe protectors
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Preservation & Storage
Inspection standards
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The most common inspection standards in use today, are:
API – American Petroleum Institute. DS-1 – T.H. Hill Drill Stem Inspection. NS-2 – Fearnley Procter North Sea DrillString Inspection Standard
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Preservation & Storage
Inspection companies
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A general view on the
necessary certifications
or a thread inspector
Level 1
Non Destructing Testing requires the
inspectors to be certified in order to
perform certifications according
to standards.
EN 473/ISO 9712 (European standards)
separates NDT inspectors into 3 levels.
An individual certified to Level 1 has demonstrated competence to carry out NDTaccording to written instructions and under the supervision o Level 2 or Level 3
personnel.
Within the scope o the competence defined on the certificate, Level 1 personnel
may be authorized by the employer to perorm the ollowing in accordance with
NDT instructions;
a) Set up NDT equipment
b) Perorm the tests
c) Record and classiy the results o the tests according to written criteria
d) Report the results
Level 1 certified personnel shall neither be responsible or the choice o test
method or technique to be used, nor or the interpretation o test results.
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Level 2
An individual certified to Level 2 has demonstrated competence to perorm NDT
according to NDT procedures. Within the scope o the competence defined on thecertificate, the employer to may authorize Level 2 personnel:
a) Select the correct NDT technique or the actual test.
b) Define the limitations o application o the testing method
c) Translate NDT codes, standards, specifications, and procedures into NDT
instructions adapted to the actual working conditions
d) Set up and veriy equipment settings
e) Perorm and supervise tests
) Interpret and evaluate results according to applicable standards, codes,
specifications or procedures
g) Carry out and supervise all tasks at or below Level 2
h) Provide guidance or personnel at or below Level 2
i) Report the results o NDT.
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Level 3
An individual certified to Level 3 has demonstrated competence to perorm and
direct NDT operations or which he is certified.
Level 3 personnel have demonstrated:
a) The competence to evaluate and interpret results in terms o existing
standards, codes, and specifications
b) Sufficient practical knowledge o applicable materials, abrication,
process, and product technology to select NDT methods, establish NDT
techniques, and assist in establishing acceptance criteria where none or
are otherwise available
c) A general amiliarity with other NDT methods
Within the scope o the competence defined on the certificate, Level 3 personnel
may be authorized to:
a) Assume ull responsibility or a test acility or examination center
and staff
b) Establish, review or editorial and technical correctness, and validate NDT
instructions and procedures
c) Interpret standards, codes, specifications, and procedures d) Designate the particular test methods, procedures, and NDT
instructions required
e) Carry out and supervise all tasks at all levels
) Provide guidance or NDT personnel at all levels
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Approval / Certification
Requirements or practice and introduction to NDT method
beore courses / issuance o certificate:
To be perormed by an accredited
certification business.
Method Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
MT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.
PT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.
UT 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.
RT 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.
ET 3 mnd. 9 mnd. 18 mnd.
VT 1 mnd. 3 mnd. 12 mnd.
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Documentation
Reporting
Companies have a responsibility to keep and annually update their certificates to the inspectors.
Each year the responsible level 3 perorm a competency assessment o the individual inspector.
Near- and color vision are verified, beore the certificate are approved or another 12 months.
Ater 5 years, an application must be submitted to the certification body, to renew the certificate or
another five years.
Ater 10 years you have to do a complete course with tests.
Responsible level 3 shall report annually to the certification body on the status o the enterprise or the
year that has passed.
• Are all certificates updated?
• Is it registered complaints in the past 12 months?• Are there major changes in the organization over the last 12 months?
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Odfell Well Services
Hammaren 19
P.O.Box 152
N0-4098 Tananger
Norway
Tl: +47 51 64 84 00
Fax: +47 51 64 71 81
www.odfellwellservices.com
mailto:email%40odfjellwellservices.com?subject=http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/http://www.odfjellwellservices.com/mailto:email%40odfjellwellservices.com?subject=