Inseparable Prefixes. be- verb has an accusative antworten (auf) – to answer to kämpfen (gegen)...
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Transcript of Inseparable Prefixes. be- verb has an accusative antworten (auf) – to answer to kämpfen (gegen)...
Inseparable Prefixes
be-
• verb has an accusative
• antworten (auf) – to answer to
• kämpfen (gegen) – to fight against
• sprechen (über) – to talk about
• beantworten – to answer
• bekämpfen – to fight against
• besprechen – to discuss
(weiter)
• **may change the meaning of the verb**
• kommen• sitzen• suchen
• bekommen• besitzen (to own)• besuchen
(mehr)
• **creates verbs from nouns and adjectives**
• der Freund• richtig• ruhig
• befreunden• berichtigen (to correct)• beruhigen (to calm)
ent-• expresses separation/ removal• equivalent to de- (detach), dis-
(disconnect), un- (undo)
das Fett (fat, grease)die Kraft (strength)fern (far)heilig (holy, sacred)decken (to cover)falten (to fold)kommen (to come)
• entfetten – remove the fat• entkräften – to weaken• entfernen – to remove• entheiligen – to desecrate• entdecken – to discover• entfalten – to unfold• entkommen – to escape
er-converts adjectives to verbs
• hell (bright)• hoch (high)• möglich (possible)
• erhellen (to lighten)• erhöhen (to heighten)• ermöglichen (to make
possible)
er-changes the meaning of root verbs to imply successful completion
• arbeiten• finden• raten (to guess)
• erarbeiten – to obtain through work
• erfinden – to invent• erraten – to guess
correctly
er-certain verbs = fatal
• schießen
• schlagen • stechen (to stab/pierce)
• trinken
• erschießen – to shoot fatally
• erschlagen – to slay• erstechen – to stab to
death• ertrinken – to drown
hinter-emphasize behind, like “leave behind”
• hinterlassen• hinterlegen
• leave behind• put down (like rent)
hinter-behind as in a façade or someone’s back
• hinterfragen
• hintergehen
• investigated/called into question
• deceived
miss-done falsely or wrong (mis/dis)
• deuten – to interpret
• gefallen – to be pleasing
• handeln – to act (upon)
• trauen – to trust• verstehen – to
understand
• missdeuten – misinterpret
• misgefallen – to displease
• misshandeln – to mistreat
• misstrauen – to distrust
• missverstehen – to misunderstand
ver-the verb is being done incorrectly
• fahren
• führen• laufen
• legen• rechnen
• sprechen
• sich verfahren – to drive in the wrong direction
• verführen – to lead astray• sich verlaufen – to get
lost (by foot)• verlegen – to misplace• sich verrechnen –
miscalculate• sich versprechen – to
misspeak
ver-continues until something is used up or destroyed
• brauchen• brennen• fallen• gehen
• schwinden – to dwindle
• spielen
• verbrauchen – to use up• verbrennen – to burn up• verfallen – to fall into ruin• vergehen – to pass/fade
away (time)• verschwinden – to
disappear• verspielen – to gamble
away
ver-conveys the sense of “away”
• jagen – to chase
• reisen – to travel
• schenken – to give as a gift
• treiben – to drive
• verjagen – to chase away
• verreisen – to go away on a trip
• verschenken – to give away
• vertreiben – to drive (someone) away
ver-intensifies, refines, alters the action of the root verb
• bergen – to hide/cover• gleichen – to resemble
• urteilen – to judge
• zweifeln – to doubt
• verbergen – to hide• vergleichen – to
compare• verurteilen – to
condemn• verzweifeln – to despair
ver-converts adjectives/adverbs/nouns to verbs
• anders• besser• größer
• länger
• mehr• nicht• die Ursache (cause)
• verändern – to change• verbessern – to improve• vergrößer – to make
bigger, enlarge• verlänger – to make
longer, lengthen• vermehren – to increase• vernichten – to
annihilate• verursachen – to cause
zer-indicates destruction/dissolution through the action of the verb
• brechen
• fallen• gehen
• legen• reißen• stören – disturb
• zerbrechen – shatter into pieces
• zerfallen – fall to pieces• zergehen – dissolve (in a
liquid)• zerlegen - disassemble• zerreißen – tear to
pieces• zerstören - to destroy