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Challenge AGRAMMAR NOTEBOOK
SEMESTER 1
GRAMMAR -SEMESTER 1 WEEK 1
Grammar No. 31 The First Declension
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative terr-a Land, the (a) land Subject
Singular Genitive terr-ae Of the (a) land Possessive
Singular Dative terr-ae To or for the (a) land Indirect object
Singular Accusative terr-am The (a) land Direct object
Singular Ablative terr-ā By, with, from the (a) land
Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative terr-ae Lands, the lands Subject
Plural Genitive terr-ārum Of the lands Possessive
Plural Dative terr-īs To or for the lands Indirect object
Plural Accusative terr-ās Lands, the lands Direct object
Plural Ablative terr- īs By, with, from the lands Object of the Preposition
Gender:
32: A) All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)
33: B) All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.
Additional Rules in Reading:
All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the first declension.
PRACTICE for Week 1
Grammar Rule # 32Put the form, meaning, use in the following chart for terra, terra (land)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Copy the grammar rules for gender of the 1st Declension
# 32 A _____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
#33 _________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Review rule found in reading: All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the _________ declension.
Additional Practice for Week 1
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on page 7 using the following charts:
porta, portae – gate
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Marīa, Marīae – Mary
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W1
nauta, nautae – sailor
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
victōria, victōriae – victory
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W1
glōria, glōriae – fame, glory
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
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Grammar Semester 1 Week 2
Accent:
No. 9 A) In words of two syllables, the accent is on the first.
vía; béllum
No. 10 B) In words of more than two syllables, if the second last syllable is long, it is accented; otherwise the accent is on the third last syllable.
vid ē runt (accent on long e); ágmĭne
Quantity of Syllables:
No. 11 A) A syllable is short if it contains a vowel that is short by nature or that is followed by another vowel or diphthong. reg ĕ re; glor ĭ a
No. 12 B) A syllable is long if it contains a vowel that is long by nature or a vowel that is followed by two consonants other than a mute (c, g, p, b, t, d) or f followed by a liquid (r, l).
studēre; regēndus
NOUNS
No. 14Nouns have gender, number, case and declension
No. 25 The Five Declensions. There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular
1 2 3 4 5 -ae - ī -is -ū -eī vi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r- eī
Gender:
32: A) All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)
33: B) All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.
Grammar Semester 1 Week 2
Grammar No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject
Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive
Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object
Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object
Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave
Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject
Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive
Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object
Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object
Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves
No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine
Additional Rules found in the Reading:
1. The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative case.
2. A finite verb agrees with its subject in number (and person).
3. The direct object of a transitive verb is in the accusative case.
4. The verb usually stands last in the sentence.
5. Adverbs usually stand immediately before the word they modify.
6. The possessive case and many English -of phrases are translated by the genitive.
7. All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -ī belong to the second declension.
PRACTICE WEEK 2
Grammar Rules No. 9 – 12 - Accent and Syllables - Read these grammar rules each day and practice saying the words out loud.
Copy Rules #14 and # 25 on Nouns
# 14 ______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
#25 The Five Declensions: ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5
Review rules of 1st Declension Gender
# 32 A. All nouns naming individual male person are _________________ Nauta, ae, a sailor, ______________. (Sailors are usually men.)
# 33 B. All others are __________________. Terra, ae, land, _______________________.
S1W2
Grammar No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
Put the form and meaning in the following chart for servus, servī (slave)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative
Copy Grammar Rule # 35 for Gender : _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Review: Additional Rules found in the Reading:
1. The subject of a finite verb is in the ________________ case.
2. A finite verb agrees with its subject in ___________ (and _______________).
3. The direct object of a transitive verb is in the ____________________ case.
4. The verb usually stands _____________ in the sentence.
5. Adverbs usually stand _______________ ___________ the word they modify.
6. The possessive case and many English -of phrases are translated by the ________________.
7. All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -ī belong to the _______________ declension.
Additional Practice for Week 2
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:
prōvincia, ae - province (1st declension)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Nouns of 2nd Declension (masculine)
fīlius, fīliī - son
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W2
Deus, Deī – God
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
amīcus, amīcī - friend
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the
Preposition
S1W2
Chrīstus, Chrīstī - Christ
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Chrīstiānus, Chrīstiānī - Christian
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
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Grammar Semester 1 Week 3
Grammar No. 25 The Five Declensions. There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular
1 2 3 4 5 -ae - ī -is -ū -eī vi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r- eī
No. 26. How to decline a Noun. The nominative, genitive and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem.
No. 27 Note: a. The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether ir is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc.
No. 29 c. The accusative of the neuter noums and adjectives is always like the nominative.
No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv-us The slave Subject
Singular Genitive serv-ī Of the slave, the slave's Possessive
Singular Dative serv-ō To or for the slave Indirect object
Singular Accusative serv-um The slave Direct object
Singular Ablative serv-ō By, with, from the slave
Plural Nominative serv-ī The slaves Subject
Plural Genitive serv-ōrum Of the slaves, the slaves' Possessive
Plural Dative serv-īs To or for the slaves Indirect object
Plural Accusative serv-ōs the slaves Direct object
Plural Ablative serv-īs By, with, from the slaves
No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine
No. 36 Note: Proper names in -ius and fīlius, son, form their vocative singular in – ī.
Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī.
S1W3
No. 37 Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative bell-um The war Subject
Singular Genitive bell-ī Of the war Possessive
Singular Dative bell-ō To or for the war Indirect object
Singular Accusative bell-um The war Direct object
Singular Ablative bell-ō By, with, from the war
Plural Nominative bell-ā The wars Subject
Plural Genitive bell-ōrum Of the wars Possessive
Plural Dative bell-īs To or for the wars Indirect object
Plural Accusative bell-a the wars Direct object
Plural Ablative bell-īs By, with, from the wars
No. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: All neuter.
No. 39 Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )
Additional Rules found in the Reading:
1. All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like BELLUM.
2. HINT: In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative.
3. The indirect object is put in the DATIVE case.
4. In Latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.
Practice Week 3
Review:
No. 25 The ___________ Declensions: There are _______ declensions in Latin. They can be
distinguished by the endings of the _____________________________.
1 2 3 4 5
Copy Grammar Rules
No. 26. How to decline a noun: __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
No. 27 Note: a. _______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
No. 29 c. _____________________________________________________________________
S1W3
Review:
No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second Declension
Add the endings to serv and the complete the translation.
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative serv- The Subject
Singular Genitive serv- Of the Possessive
Singular Dative serv- To or for the Indirect object
Singular Accusative serv- The Direct object
Singular Ablative serv- By, with, from the
Plural Nominative serv- The Subject
Plural Genitive serv- Of the Possessive
Plural Dative serv- To or for the Indirect object
Plural Accusative serv- the Direct object
Plural Ablative serv- By, with, from the
No. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally ______________________.
Copy:
No. 36 Note: _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
S1W3
No. 37 Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension
Add the form and meaning for bellum, bellī (war)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative
No. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: __________________________________________
Read and Review following note:
No. 39 Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )
Fill in the blanks:
The accusative is like the________________ in all neuter _______________ and _____________. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )
Review: Additional Rules found in the Reading:
1. All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like _____________.
2. HINT: In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the ___________________.
3. The indirect object is put in the __________________ case.
4. In Latin some prepositions are followed by the ________________ case, some by the _____________ case.
Additional Practice for Week 3:
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts:
caelum, caelī - sky, heaven
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
rēgnum, rēgnī - kingdom, royal power
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W3
praemium, praemiī - reward
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
perīculum, perīculī – danger
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W3
imperium, imperiī - command, power, empire
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
perīculum, perīculī – danger
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W3
oppidum, ī - town
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W3
Review: 2nd Declension masculine
gladius, ī - sword
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Rōmānus, ī – a Roman
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W3
Gallus, ī - a Gaul
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Review – 1st Declension Nouns
Gallia, ae – Gaul
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W3
Rōma, ae - Rome
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Semester 1 Week 4
Grammar: Review
Additional Rules found in the reading;
1. After a linking verb, the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject.
2. Forms of the verb SUM may stand anywhere in the sentence.
Practice conjugating verb I am – sum
Singular - sum – I am es – you are est – he, she, it, is
Plural - sumus - we are estis – you are sunt – they are
Conjugate Sum:
Form Meaning
Singular 1st person
Singular 2nd Person
Singular 3rd Person
Plural 1st Person
Plural 2nd Person
Plural 3rd Person
Review additional rules from reading:
1. After a linking verb, the predicate noun is put in the same case as the ___________________.
2. Forms of the verb SUM may stand ________________ in the sentence.
S1W4
Conjugate Sum:
Form Meaning
Singular 1st person
Singular 2nd Person
Singular 3rd Person
Plural 1st Person
Plural 2nd Person
Plural 3rd Person
Conjugate Sum:
Form Meaning
Singular 1st person
Singular 2nd Person
Singular 3rd Person
Plural 1st Person
Plural 2nd Person
Plural 3rd Person
Grammar Semester 1 Week 5
No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.
No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldier
No. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.
No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 toThus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.
No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.
No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.
No. 51: Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are neuter.
No. 52 Note: But masculīnī generisare words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).
*Rule No. 52 is a “poem” (written in hybrid of English and Latin) describing the exceptions to 3rd declension’s SOX rule (Rule #50): Normally nouns that end in -s, -o, or -x are feminine. Exceptions to this rule are described below:
Masculine: ~nouns ending in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis in the nominative singular ~nouns whose nom/gen sing endings are -es (-itis) and -ex (-icis)Neuter: ~ nouns whose nom./gen. sing endings are -us, (-ris)
No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.
No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules in Nos. 59-63.
No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)
No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.
S1W5
Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension
No. 57: Masculine
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative lēx The law Subject
Singular Genitive lēg-is Of the law Possessive
Singular Dative lēg-ī To or for the law Indirect object
Singular Accusative lēg-em The law Direct object
Singular Ablative lēg-e By, with, from the law
Plural Nominative lēg-ēs The laws Subject
Plural Genitive lēg-um Of the laws Possessive
Plural Dative lēg-ibus To or for the laws Indirect object
Plural Accusative lēg-ēs the laws Direct object
Plural Ablative lēg-ibus By, with, from the laws
No. 58: Feminine
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative pars The part Subject
Singular Genitive part-is Of the part Possessive
Singular Dative part-ī To or for the part Indirect object
Singular Accusative part-em The part Direct object
Singular Ablative part-e By, with, from the part
Plural Nominative part-ēs The parts Subject
Plural Genitive part-ium Of the parts Possessive
Plural Dative part-ibus To or for the parts Indirect object
Plural Accusative part-ēs the parts Direct object
Plural Ablative part-ibus By, with, from the parts
S1W5
3rd Declension Nouns
No. 59: Note: All masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like lēx except the following nouns which have -ium in the genitive plural like part-ium:
No. 60: 1. Nouns that have the same number of syllables in the genitive singular as in the nominative singular: as hostis, hostis (host-ium), enemy.
No. 61: 2. Nouns whose stem ends in two consonants, as: gens, gentis, tribe, stem, gent-, hence gentium.
Exceptions:
No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum, juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and brothers).
No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and
household gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -IS belong to the third declension.
2. An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.
Practive for Week 5
Copy:
No. 45 The Third Declension. ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
No 46: _______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
No. 47: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Read and Review following note:
No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 toThus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.
No. 49: ______________________________________________________________________
No. 50: ______________________________________________________________________
No. 51: ______________________________________________________________________
S1W5
Read and Review following rule:
No. 52 Note: But masculīnī generisare words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).
*Rule No. 52 is a “poem” (written in hybrid of English and Latin) describing the exceptions to 3rd declension’s SOX rule (Rule #50): Normally nouns that end in -s, -o, or -x are feminine. Exceptions to this rule are described below: Masculine: ~nouns ending in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis in the nominative singular ~nouns whose nom/gen sing endings are -es (-itis) and -ex (-icis)Neuter: ~ nouns whose nom./gen. sing endings are -us, (-ris)
No. 53: Declension. __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Read and Review the following grammar rules:
No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules
in Nos. 59-63.
No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)
No. 56: _____________________________________________________________________
S1W5
Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd Declension
No. 57: Masculine
Put the form and meaning in the following chart for lēx, lēgis (law)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative
No. 58: Feminine
Put the form and meaning in the following chart for pars, partis (part)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative
S1W5
Copy following grammar rules:
3rd Declension Nouns
No. 59: Note: _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
No. 60: 1. _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
No. 61: 2. ________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read and Review the following exceptions: Exceptions:
No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum, juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and brothers).
No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household
gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)
Review:
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -IS belong to the _______________declension.
2. An appositive agrees with its noun in ________________ and ________________.
Additional Practice for Week 5:
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts:
rēx, rēgis – king
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
dux, ducis - leader
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W5
lūx, lūcis - light
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
homō, hominis - man
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W5
imperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, general
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
vēritās, vēritātis - truth
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W5
Caesar, Caesaris - Caesar
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
salūs, salūtis - safety, welfare, salvation
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W5
vōx, vōcis – voice, cry
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
virtūs, virtūtis – courage, virtue
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W5
mīles, mīlitis - soldier
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the
Preposition
pāx, pācis - peace
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W5
Review:2nd Declension masculine
populus, ī - people, nation
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Review:1st Declension via, ae – road, way
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Grammar Semester 1 Week 6
GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative flūmen The river Subject
Singular Genitive flūmin-is Of the river Possessive
Singular Dative flūmin-ī To or for the river Indirect object
Singular Accusative flūmen The river Direct object
Singular Ablative flūmin-e By, with, from the river
Plural Nominative flūmin-a The rivers Subject
Plural Genitive flūmin-um Of the rivers Possessive
Plural Dative flūmin-ibus To or for the rivers Indirect object
Plural Accusative flūmin-a the rivers Direct object
Plural Ablative flūmin-ibus By, with, from the rivers
Practice – Week 6
GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd Declension
Add the form and meaning for flūmen, flūminis (river)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Obj of Prep
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Obj of Prep
Additional Practice for Week 6:
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts:
Nouns declined like pars, partis
collis, collis, m. - hillForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
hostis, hostis – enemy (in war)Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
gēns, gentis - tribeForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
caedēs, caedis – slaughterForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
mōns, montis, m. - mountainForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
caedēs, caedis – slaughterForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
3rd Declension
clāmor, clāmoris – shouting, shoutForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
prīnceps, prīncipis – chief, leading manForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
Exceptions to pars/partis rule for Istem:
frāter, frātris (frātrum) – brotherForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
pater, patris (patrum) - fatherForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
māter, mātris (mātrum) - motherForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
3rd Declension Neuter Nouns
flūmen, flūminis – river
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
iter, itineris, n. - journey, march, route
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
3rd Declension Neuter Nouns
corpus, corporis, n. - body
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
vulnus, vulneris, n. - wound
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W6
3rd Declension Neuter Nouns
agmen, agminis – column (of soldiers), army (on the march)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
nōmen, nōminis – name
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
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Grammar Semester 1 Week 7
No. 65. The Fourth Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative port-us The harbor Subject
Singular Genitive port-ūs Of the harbor Possessive
Singular Dative port-uī To or for the harbor Indirect object
Singular Accusative port-um The harbor Direct object
Singular Ablative port-ū By, with, from the harbor
Plural Nominative port-ūs The harbors Subject
Plural Genitive port-uum Of the harbors Possessive
Plural Dative port-ibus To or for the harbors Indirect object
Plural Accusative port-ūs the harbors Direct object
Plural Ablative port-ibus By, with, from the harbors
No. 66: Gender: All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.
Practice – Week 7
No. 65. The Fourth Declension
Add the form and meaning for portus, portūs (harbor)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Obj of Prep
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Obj of Prep
Copy Grammar Rule:
No. 66: Gender: ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Additional Practice for Week 7
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts:
Review: mundus, ī – world
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
4th Declension Nouns:
adventus, ūs – arrival, comingForm Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W7
equitātus ūs- cavalry
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
exercitus, ūs – army
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W7
impetus, ūs - attack
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
metus, ūs - fear
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W7
spīritus , ūs - breath, spirit
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
senātus , ūs - senate
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Grammar Semester 1 Week 8
No. 66: Gender (4th Declension): All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.
No. 69: The Fifth Declension
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative rēs The thing Subject
Singular Genitive r-eī Of the thing Possessive
Singular Dative r-eī To or for thing Indirect object
Singular Accusative r-em The thing Direct object
Singular Ablative r-ē By, with, from the thing
Plural Nominative r-ēs The things Subject
Plural Genitive r-ērum Of the things Possessive
Plural Dative r-ēbus To or for the things Indirect object
Plural Accusative r-ēs the things Direct object
Plural Ablative r-ēbus By, with, from the things
No. 70: Gender: All feminine except diēs, diēī which is generally masculine. In the singular, however, when it means a set date or a “period of time” even diēs is often feminine. Certain nouns, such as fidēs, f., faith, have no plural forms.
No. 71: Note: The genitive and dative singular ending of the fifth declension is ēī instead of eī when the stem ends in a vowel, as diēs, stem di, therefore di-ēī .
No. 73: How to decline an Adjective:
1. Learn the nominative and genitive1 from the vocabularies
2. These show what model the adjective follows
3. Add the endings of this model to the stem.
Week 8
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1 The genitive of adjectives is not given in vocabularies when it is clean from the nominative, as magnus, a, um (stem: magn-)
IN with the Accusative:
The preposition in may take either the accusative or the ablative case.
1. Whenever there is MOVEMENT or MOTION expressed by the in, the ACCUSATIVE is used.2. When there is no idea of movement or motion, the ABLATIVE is used.
Practice for Week 8
Read and Review gender rule for 4th Declension nouns:
No. 66: Gender (4th Declension): All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.
No. 69: The Fifth Declension
Add form and meaning for rēs, reī (thing)
Form Meaning UseSingular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative
No. 70: Gender: ______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Read and Review this note:
No. 71: Note: The genitive and dative singular ending of the fifth declension is ēī instead of eī when the stem ends in a vowel, as diēs, stem di, therefore di-ēī.
Copy steps on how to decline an adjective below:
No. 73: How to decline an Adjective:
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
Review:
Additional Rules from the Reading:
IN with the Accusative:
The preposition in may take either the accusative or the ablative case.
1. Whenever there is MOVEMENT or MOTION expressed by the in, the __________________ is used.2. When there is no idea of movement or motion, the _____________________ is used.
Additional Practice for Week 8:
Practice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts:
rēs, reī - thing, affair
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
fidēs, fideī – faith, reliability, faithfulness
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W8
aciēs, aciēī - battle line
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
spēs, speī - hope
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W8
Nouns with special meanings (pg 64)
castra, castrōrum - camp
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
impedīmenta, impedīmentōrum - baggage, baggage train
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W8
Some Latin nouns have different meanings in the singular and plural:
grātia, ae – favor, influence, grace (in Christian Latin)grātiae, grātiārum – thanks
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
cōpia, ae – supply, abundancecōpiae, cōpiarum, f. - troops, forces (a military term)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Grammar Semester 1 Week 9
Grammar No. 72: Adjectives in -us of the First and Second Declensions
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative magn-us magn-a magn-um
Singular Genitive magn-ī magn-ae magn-ī
Singular Dative magn-ō magn-ae magn-ō
Singular Accusative magn-um magn-am magn-um
Singular Ablative magn-ō magn-ā magn-ō
Plural Nominative magn-ī magn-ae magn-a
Plural Genitive magn-ōrum magn-ārum magn-ōrum
Plural Dative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs
Plural Accusative magn-ōs magn-ās magn-ā
Plural Ablative magn-īs magn-īs magn-īs
Practice for Week 9
Practice declining adjectives in the first and second declension using magnus (masc), magna (fem), magnum (neut)
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Week 10
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number and case.
2. Adjectives of QUANTITY generally precede their nouns.
3. Adjectives of QUALITY generally follow their nouns.
Review above rules:
1. Adjectives agree with their nouns in _______________, ______________ and ___________________.
2. Adjectives of QUANTITY generally ________________ their nouns.
3. Adjectives of QUALITY generally _________________ their nouns.
Practice for week 10
Decline adjectives from the vocabulary
magnus, a, um – great, large
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
altus, a, um – high, deep
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W10
bonus, a, um - good
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
longus, a, um - long
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W10
malus, a, um - bad
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
multus, a, um – much (pl. many)
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W10
sāntus, a, um – holy, saint
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
prīmus, a, um – first
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Week 11
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. Adjectives may also be linked to their noun by means of a linking verb like sum, I am. These adjectives are called predicate adjectives.
2. The rule of agreement is the SAME for attributive and predicate adjectives.
3. The preposition prō ALWAYS takes the ABLATIVE. In expressions of PLACE, prō means in front of.
Review the above rules:
1. Adjectives may also be linked to their noun by means of a linking verb like sum, I am. These adjectives are called __________________ _____________________.
2. The rule of agreement is the ___________ for attributive and predicate adjectives.
3. The preposition prō ALWAYS takes the ________________. In expressions of PLACE, prō means ___ ____________ _______.
Practice for week 11
Decline adjectives from the vocabulary
angustus, a, um - narrow
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
reliquus, a, um - remaining, the rest of
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W11
tūtus, a, um - safe
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Rōmānus, a um - Roman
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W11
Chrīstiānus, a, um - Christian
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Review Nouns:
inopia, ae – scarcity, want
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W11
dominus, ī – master, Lord
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
mūrus, ī - wall
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W11
frūmentum, ī – grain, (pl. crops)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
legiō, legiōnis, f. - legion
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Grammar Semester 1 Week 12
Grammar No. 78:
Gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious is declined thus:
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative grav-is grav-is grav-e
Singular Genitive grav-is grav-is grav-is
Singular Dative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī
Singular Accusative grav-em grav-em grav-e
Singular Ablative grav-ī grav-ī grav-ī
Plural Nominative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Genitive grav-ium grav-ium grav-iumPlural Dative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus
Plural Accusative grav-ēs grav-ēs grav-iaPlural Ablative grav-ibus grav-ibus grav-ibus
Additional Rules from the Reading.
1. All adjectives with -IS, -E in the nominative singular are declined like gravis, e.
2 Prepositional phrases which modify adjectives are often translated into Latin by the genitive or dative or ablative WITHOUT A PREPOSITION. THE PROPER CASE TO BE USED IS DETERMINED BY THE ADJECTIVE.
Practice for Week 12
Grammar No. 78:
Decline gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Review:
Additional Rules from the Reading.
1. All adjectives with -IS, -E in the nominative singular are declined like _____________________.
2 Prepositional phrases which modify adjectives are often translated into Latin by the genitive or dative or ablative WITHOUT A __________________. THE PROPER CASE TO BE USED IS DETERMINED BY THE ____________________.
Practice for week 12
Decline adjectives from the vocabulary
brevis, e – short
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
commūnis, e – common
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W12
fortis, e – brave, strong
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
nōbilis, e - noble, renowned
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W12
difficilis, e - difficult
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
facilis, e – easy
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W12
omnis, e – all, every
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
similis, e; w. gen or dat. - like, similar
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W12
Review 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives
cupidus, a, um; w. gen – eager, desirous
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
plēnus, a, um; w. gen or abl. - full
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
S1W12
fīnitimus, a, um; w. dat. - neighboring, next
Masculinelike servus
Femininelike porta
Neuterlike bellum
Singular Nominative
Singular Genitive
Singular Dative
Singular Accusative
Singular Ablative
Plural Nominative
Plural Genitive
Plural Dative
Plural Accusative
Plural Ablative
Review:
Nouns
Special noun: Jēsūs, ū - Jesus
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W12
urbs, urbis – city
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
pōns, pontis, m. - bridge
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
S1W12
signum, ī - standard, signal, sign
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
eques, equitis - horseman (pl. calvary)
Form Meaning Use
Singular Nominative Subject
Singular Genitive Possessive
Singular Dative Indirect object
Singular Accusative Direct object
Singular Ablative Object of the Preposition
Plural Nominative Subject
Plural Genitive Possessive
Plural Dative Indirect object
Plural Accusative Direct object
Plural Ablative Object of the Preposition
Grammar Semester 1 Week 13
No 162: Present Tense (present stem)
Singular - 1. laud-ō - I praise, I am praising, I do praise 2. laud-ās - you praise, you are praising, you do praise 3. laud-at – he, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praise
Plural - 1. laud-āmus - we praise, we am praising, we do praise2. laud-ātis -you praise, you are praising, you do praise3. laud-ant – they praise, they are praising, they do praise
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express tense, person, and number.
2. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in - ĀRE belong to the first conjugation.
3. First conjugation final personal signs.
Singular Plural
1 (I) …. (we) -mus2 (you) -s (you) -tis
3 (he, she, it) -t (they) -nt
(Generally, ō or m is a sign of the first person singular, I.)
4. : A finite verb agrees with its subject in PERSON and NUMBER.
Grammar Semester 1 Week 13
No 162: Present Tense (present stem)
Give form and meaning for laudō, 1. tr., praise
Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P
Plural 1st PPlural 2nd PPlural 3rd P
Review:
Additional Rules from the Reading:
1. In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express __________, __________, and ____________.
2. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in - ĀRE belong to the _____________ conjugation.
3. First conjugation final personal signs.
Fill in the final personal signs below:
Singular Plural
1 (I) …. (we) -
2 (you) - (you) -
3 (he, she, it) -___ (they) -
(Generally, ō or m is a sign of the first person singular, I.)
4. : A finite verb agrees with its subject in _______________ and _________________.
Additional Practice for Week 13
Practice the Present Tense (present stem) using words in the vocabulary
occupō, 1. tr., seize
Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P
Plural 1st PPlural 2nd PPlural 3rd P
oppugnō, 1, tr., attack, assault
Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P
Plural 1st PPlural 2nd PPlural 3rd P
ōrō, 1, tr., beg, pray
Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P
Plural 1st PPlural 2nd PPlural 3rd P
parō, 1, tr., prepare, get ready
Form MeaningSingular 1st PSingular 2nd PSingular 3rd P
Plural 1st PPlural 2nd PPlural 3rd P