Innovative applications of Specim's AISA hyperspectral sensors and softwareIng. Marco Bacciocchi, Codevintec

Hyperspectral sensors and software

Current Airborne AISA Products

AISA Systems

EAGLE/EAGLET HAWK DUAL OWL

Spectral range 400-1000 nm 970-2500 nm 400-2500 nm 7.7-12.4 um

Spectral sampl. 3/2.5 nm 6 nm 2.5/6 nm 50 nm

Spectral bands 200/244 256 498 100

Spatial pixels 1024/1600 320 320 384

Image rate 125/160 Hz 100 Hz 100 Hz 100 Hz

SNR 130-1400 800 250-500

Sensor weight 3.5/6.5 kg 18 kg 55 kg 13.5 kg

Total weight 15/28 kg 45 kg 110 kg 35 kg

AISA Airborne HyperspectralSystem Components

Hyperspectral camera

FODIS

Daylight readable LCD Display

GPS/INS unit Compact Data acquisition and storage system

CaliGeo Software

AISA Installations

Push-broom hyperspectral imaging

Photo - SCG Siena

Single Pixel

Spectral Bands

Spatial Pixels

FlightLine

Wavelength

Inte

nsi

ty

Pixel Spectrum

Single Sensor Frame

Series of Sensor Frames

Push-broom hyperspectral camera

Push-broom advantages

1.

Acquires all spectral information exactly at the same time - insensitive to

instrument/sample movement

2.Multiplex advantage of imaging full line of pixels at the same time

3.No moving parts in the instrument – compact, reliable, stable, low maintenance.

4.With high speed AISA sensors, flexible to adapt to various mission requirements

5.The only HSI technique which practically fits to allapplications: air, field, lab and on-line

Flight mission parameters

GSD = ground sampling [m]v = aircraft speed [m/s}FOV = field of view [degree]n = # of swath pixelsFrame rate FR = v/GSD [1/s]Flying altitude A = n*GSD/2tan(FOV/2) [m]Frame integration time [s]

AISA system lab calibration

Radiometric & spectral› Conversion factor for each pixel from raw

data to spectral radiance› Centre wavelength and spectral FWHM for

each spectral band

Geometric› Focal length› Optical axis position› Possible distortion over the swath

Focus

Other standard lab tests› Linearity, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Smile and Keystone, Stability, MTF

Data processing

Radiometric processingGeoreferencing

Atmospheric correction

Mosaic of flight linesSpectral processing for desired information

CaligeoPRO

› Both interactive and batch mode

Atcor, Flaash

ENVI, et al

AISA software

Aisa Operating Software RS Cube

All the AISA systems use Windows-based flight operations software RSCube to

› Control hardware like image (frame) rate and exposure time.

› Display images, GPS/INS status, and other information in real-time for monitoring the progress of data collection

Aisa Operating Software RS CUbe

All AISA systems can be used in two operating modes:

› A: full hyperspectral data acquisition

› B: multispectral data acquisition at programmable wavebands Band files are created with AISA Bandage

Caligeo Software

› CaliGeo is an easy-to-use, GUI-based, interactive software package (stand alone or Envi plug-in). It allows you to fine tune your images and turn your raw AISA data into final useable products.

› With CaliGeo you are able to perform› Radiometric correction› Geo-referencing (Geometric correction)

› CaliGeo also provides the tools to automatically analyze and correct boresight errors caused by mechanical tolerances between:

› head and GPS/INS › VNIR and SWIR sensor heads

Dems

› A digital elevation model (DEM) defines the ground elevation for every single ground point, independently of the other points.

› Using a DEM is supported in CaliGeo. However, it is up to the user to provide ENVI-readable DEM data for the entire image area in a suitable format with a proper resolution

› If the DEM does not cover the image area and CaliGeo needs values outside the DEM, then CaliGeo will use the nearest DEM pixel on the edge of the DEM.

› There are no size restrictions for the DEM file. The file can cover a larger area than the raw image.

› The DEM file must be in ENVI readable format (1 channel grayscale raster data)

› To achieve a good rectification result, the ground resolution of DEM should reflect the height differences in ground (e.g. If having tall buildings etc. in the image a good ground resolution is recommended)

AISA Applications and References

Why hyperspectral?

Hyperspectral imaging is capable of seeing detailed spectral signatures needed in

› identification (like plant species, minerals) and

› quantification (like chlorophyll in water) of target characterisctics, and

› mapping their distribution.

Where hyperspectral imaging can help us?

› Mineral Exploration & Geothermal Exploration, Acid Mine Drainage

› Water Quality, Off-shore Mapping, Coral Reef Health

› Forest Chemistry, Health, Inventory

› Monitoring Infrastructure Conditions

› Wetlands Health, Vegetation, Discrete vegetation mapping, andAgriculture Research and Development

› Hydrocarbon Detection, Oil&Gas Leak Detection

› Fire and Flood Risk Analysis

› Law Enforcement and Military Applications

Airborne mineral mapping

SpecTIR LLC, USAOperates three AisaDUALsystems, first obtained in2006

SWIR and LWIR hyperspectral imaging is capable of identificationof most minerals of commercialinterest, and provide quick mapping tool in geological and geothermal exploration.

High spatial resolution (1 meter) hyperspectral results for the “Buddintonite Bump” area of Cuprite, Nevada.

Airborne mineral mapping

Courtesy of SpecTIR LLC, USA

Forest inventory and health

› Fusion of hyperspectral imaging and Lidar data

› Tree height and volume› Species identification and distribution› Biomass, tree health condition, like stress

caused by pine beetle attack

University of Victoria, CanadaPurchased AisaDUAL in 2006

Forest chemistry

University of Victoria, CanadaAisaDUAL

Forest health mapping

Sarawak Forest DepartmentMalaysiaAisaEAGLE

Airborne HSI in VNIR provides sensitive and high resolution detection and mapping of fungus disease in oil palm trees

>50 km2/h@0.5 m ground resolution

@50 m/s (100 knots)

Law enforcement in forest area

Sarawak Forest DepartmentMalaysiaPurchased AisaEAGLE in 2008,AisaEAGLET in 2010

Monitoring of illegal logging and encroachment by detection, classification and mapping of anomalies, like natural vs. felling gap, non-vegetative green targets

(camouflage)

Integrated geospatial system for fast enforcement response:

› hyperspectral data collection› near real-time processing and mapping› web dissemination of the tactical

information to field users

Detection of recent encroachments

Sarawak Forest DepartmentMalaysia

Drug plant detection

Processed Hyperspectral Image• Known spectral characteristics• Known background• Geo-rectified

Processed Hyperspectral Image• Known spectral characteristics• Known background• Geo-rectified

Marijuana plants

Courtesy of SpecTIR LLC, USA

Water quality mapping

SOA (State Oceanic Administration), ChinaPurchased AisaEAGLE 2006,and two more systems in 2009

Chlorophyll, algae, and total solids mapping

Oil slick and oil in water monitoring

University of Nebraska, USAPurchased AisaEAGLE 2005

Chlorophyll-a map Phycocyanin map Total solids content

Water quality mapping

Centro de EconomiaAplicada (CEA), ChilePurchased AisaEAGLEIn 2009

All water reservoirs in Chile are frequently

mapped for organic and inorganic pollution

Environmental catastrophes

Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico:

Hyperspectral data is frequently collected with AisaDUAL by SpecTIR LLC, USA, in order to

monitor changes to health in highly sensitive coastal wetlands, and

aid in future impact assessments.

‘Red mud’ flood in Hungary:

Hyperspectral data is collected with AisaEAGLE by EnviroSense , Hungary.

Data courtesy of

Thermal applications AisaOWL Key Characteristics

285x200x175 mm13.5 kg< 200 W

Spatial pixels 384

Spectral range 7.7-12.4 um

Spectral resol. 100 nm

Spectral sampling 50 nm

Spectral bands 100

Smile, keystone <0.2 pix

Image rate 100 Hz

NESR@10um 20 mW/m2 sr um

Thermal Cooled – Performance

NESR SNR

AisaOWL sensor on the ground

Detection of propellant gas (1,1,1-2 tetrafluoroethane)Outdoor scan in Finland in daytime in March 2011.Ambient temperature ca -10 C.Data processed to radiance.

Codevintec Italiana Via Labus 13I-20147 MilanoTel. +39 02 4830.2175

info@codevintec.itwww.codevintec.it

Thank you!