Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008....

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Inferring Introduction Practice activities for the inferring strategy Other activities that use the inferring strategy: pages g g ties for the inferr her a

Transcript of Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008....

Page 1: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Inferring

Introduction 100

Practice activities for the inferring strategy1 Character clue bag 1022 Inference jigsaw 1033 I think . . . T chart 1044 Character quote 1055 Character inference chart 1066 Real estate inferences 1077 Sociogram 108

Other activities that use the inferring strategy: Anticipation guide 43 Y chart predictions 58 Guess the headline 59 Postcard predictions 60 Character crystal ball 61 Prediction flowchart 62 Hot-seat character interview 70 Question–answer relationships (QAR) 75–77 Story map 95 Key words about me 117 Point of view chart 146 Possible sentences 171 Word investigation chart 172 Spot the clues! 173

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 99 3/22/10 1:10:50 PM

Sample

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Practice activities for the inferring strategy

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Practice activities for the inferring strategyCharacter clue bag 102

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Character clue bag 102Inference jigsaw 103

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Inference jigsaw 103I think . . . T chart 104

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I think . . . T chart 104Character quote 105

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Character quote 1055

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5 Character inference chart 106

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Character inference chart 1066 Sam

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6 Real estate inferences 107Sample

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Real estate inferences 1077 Sam

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7 Sociogram 108Sample

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Sociogram 108

Other activities that use the inferring strategy:Sample

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Other activities that use the inferring strategy:

Page 2: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Introduction

When we read, we stretch the limits of the literal text by folding our

experience and belief into the literal meanings in the text, creating

a new interpretation, an inference.

– Keene & Zimmermann, Mosaic of Thought (1997), p. 147

What is inferring?

Inferring is being able to ‘read between the lines’, when the author implies something but doesn’t exactly state it. To infer, we need to use both the clues in the text (context, illustrations, etc.) and our own prior knowledge. By using the text and our own prior knowledge, we can interpret what we think the author is really trying to say.

We can make inferences at word level too, by using the context of the text and our own prior knowledge to infer the meaning of the word. Inferring is closely related to predicting.

How does inferring support reading comprehension?

Students develop deeper understandings of the text when they ‘read between the lines’ to draw their own conclusions by using prior experience. They create their own unique meaning of the text. As they read, these understandings may be revised as the reader is exposed to new information and confirms or adjusts their thinking.

Language we use when inferring

Reading between the lines, I think . . . I would expect that . . . I already know that . . . so I think . . . In my experience . . . I think the author is really saying . . . My conclusion is . . . because in the text it says . . . The author’s clues were . . . I think what’s really going on is . . . I wonder why . . . I wonder if . . .

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 100 3/22/10 1:10:50 PM

Sample

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sWe can make inferences at word level too, by using the context of the text and our own prior

Sample

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sWe can make inferences at word level too, by using the context of the text and our own prior

How does inferring support reading comprehension?

Sample

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sHow does inferring support reading comprehension?

Students develop deeper understandings of the text when they ‘read between the lines’ to draw

Sample

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sStudents develop deeper understandings of the text when they ‘read between the lines’ to draw their own conclusions by using prior experience. They create their own unique meaning of the text.

Sample

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stheir own conclusions by using prior experience. They create their own unique meaning of the text. As they read, these understandings may be revised as the reader is exposed to new information

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sAs they read, these understandings may be revised as the reader is exposed to new information

Language we use when inferring

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Language we use when inferring

Reading between the lines, I think . . .

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Reading between the lines, I think . . .

I already know that . . . so I think . . .

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I already know that . . . so I think . . .In my experience . . .

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In my experience . . .I think the author is really saying . . .Sam

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I think the author is really saying . . .My conclusion is . . . because in the text it says . . .Sam

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My conclusion is . . . because in the text it says . . .The author’s clues were . . .Sam

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The author’s clues were . . .

Page 3: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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n e ing

Inferring support material

Inferring certificate SM32

Teacher modelling chart SM31

Inferring strategy starter chart SM29

Inferring mini poster SM30

Inference detective!

Inference detective!

Awarded to

for

by

on

Awarded to

for

by

on

Inferring is being able to ‘read between the lines’,

when the author implies something but doesn’t exactly

state it. You need to use the clues in the text and your

own prior knowledge to help you understand.

n e ing

“Sarah’s mouth

was dry and she had

a big knot in her

stomach. She wished

today was already

over.”

. . . I think

Sarah sounds really

nervous about giving

her speech to the

whole school.

© Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

e ing h t

1 Jack’s new labrador puppy, Patch, never left his side.

2 Jan flew into the room with a huge smile on her face.

3 The old lady’s mouth quivered as she slowly got up and left the room.

4 “Get me the chief of police immediately!” shouted the president, as he put the phone down.

© Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

e ing h t

1 Jack’s new labrador puppy, Patch, never left his side.

2 Jan flew into the room with a huge smile on her face.

3 The old lady’s mouth quivered as she slowly got up and left the room.

4 “Get me the chief of police immediately!” shouted the president, as he put the phone down.

© Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies © Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use.Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies

SM31A

Read the excerpts and write your inferences in the box below. Think about . . .

Who the character might be (old, young, sporty, brainy etc)What kind of person the character is (kind, thoughtful, nasty, selfish, etc)How the character is feeling at that moment and whyWhere and when this action is taking place

1 Tom clenched his fists until the knuckles were white. He sighed deeply, stood up and stormed toward the door without saying another word. He opened the door and slammed it behind him. His ten team mates sat staring at each other in stunned silence.

2 Hannah’s eyes grew as big as saucers and she began to clap her tiny hands together. As soon as the present was within reach, she grabbed it and began ripping off the paper. She was giggling and squealing with delight.

3 Fred hobbled toward the counter. He reached into his pocket and with a shaking hand pulled out his old leather wallet. As he got his money out, he noticed the picture of his wife Molly. All of a sudden his eyes became sad and after paying for his chocolate he quickly put his wallet back into his pocket. Thanking the shop assistant he left the shop and headed home for a lonely night in front of the television.

Inference detectives: Looking for clues Assignment 1

Your name/s Date

e ing h t

1 Jack’s new labrador puppy, Patch, never left his side.

2 Jan flew into the room with a huge smile on her face.

3 The old lady’s mouth quivered as she slowly got up and left the room.

4 “Get me the chief of police immediately!” shouted the president, as he put the phone down.

© Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies © Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

1 Regan’s heart began to race. He could feel it pounding in his chest. His mouth was dry and his breathing shallow. How was he even going to be able to speak he wondered. All Regan could see was a blur of faces. His mother would be sitting there, back upright as still as a statue, waiting. No doubt she would have pushed her way to a seat somewhere in the front row.

‘And now we have Regan Sharp,’ announced his teacher.

2 The wind raged like an angry bull in a bad temper. Huge waves crashed mercilessly on the reef. Palm fronds thrashed about uncontrollably and coconuts were falling like bombs to the ground. Sue looked in dismay out the window.

‘I guess snorkelling is out of the question?’ her husband joked.

3 Sarah deliberately chose holiday destinations that were remote, where she could be all alone and not be hounded by the press. Her life was so busy that she usually spent the first few days just sleeping. Best of all, she didn’t have to worry about what she looked like here. She could wear her comfortable jeans with the hole in the knee and a baggy T-shirt; a bit different to her normal attire when she was on location.

Read the excerpts and write your inferences in the box below. Think about . . .

Who the character might be (old, young, sporty, brainy etc)What kind of person the character is (kind, thoughtful, nasty, selfish etc.)How the character is feeling at that moment and whyWhere and when this action is taking place

Extra for experts: Use the ‘contextual clues’ to infer the meaning of the two words in bold in the last excerpt. Go detectives!

SM31bInference detectives: Looking for cluesAssignment 2

Your name/s Date

Inference detectives: Looking for clues SM31A

Inference detectives: Looking for clues SM31B

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Sample

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sInferring mini poster SM30

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quivered as she slowly got

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quivered as she slowly got up and left the room.

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up and left the room.

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Read the excerpts and write your inferences in the box below.

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Read the excerpts and write your inferences in the box below.

Who the character might be (old, young, sporty, brainy etc)

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Who the character might be (old, young, sporty, brainy etc)What kind of person the character is (kind, thoughtful, nasty, selfish, etc)

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What kind of person the character is (kind, thoughtful, nasty, selfish, etc)How the character is feeling at that moment and why

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How the character is feeling at that moment and whyWhere and when this action is taking place

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Where and when this action is taking place

1 Tom clenched his fists until the knuckles were white. He sighed deeply, stood up and

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1 Tom clenched his fists until the knuckles were white. He sighed deeply, stood up and stormed toward the door without saying another word. He opened the door and slammed

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stormed toward the door without saying another word. He opened the door and slammed it behind him. His ten team mates sat staring at each other in stunned silence.

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it behind him. His ten team mates sat staring at each other in stunned silence.

2 Hannah’s eyes grew as big as saucers and she began to clap her tiny hands together.

Sample

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2 Hannah’s eyes grew as big as saucers and she began to clap her tiny hands together. As soon as the present was within reach, she grabbed it and began ripping off the paper.

Sample

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As soon as the present was within reach, she grabbed it and began ripping off the paper. She was giggling and squealing with delight.

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She was giggling and squealing with delight.

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s Inference detectives: Looking for clues

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Assignment 1

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Inference detectives: Looking for clues Assignment 1

Inference detectives: Looking for clues

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Assignment 1 Inference detectives: Looking for clues

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Page 4: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Character clue bag

Students use their imagination to create or collect a selection of items appropriate to a particular character. These are put in a paper bag. Making an inference bag could also be part of a book assignment for independent readers.

Strategies and skills practised: inferring, synthesising

Materials: novel or picture book paper bag

Student grouping: individuals or buddies then small groups or whole class

Procedure1 Students collect or create items that relate to a particular character. Some examples could be:

photographs of the place the character comes from items that give clues as to what they like to do: e.g. a movie timetable if they like going to

the movies or a pencil and paper if they like to draw a baseball cap if they wear one a magnifying glass – if they have detective tendencies!

2 The students then share their inference bag and other students either guess who the character is, or the creator explains why each item is important to the character.

Variation: Students could create inference bags for themselves as a way of getting to know each other at the beginning of the year.

Character clue bag for the character of Jan in The Silver Sword by Ian Serraillier

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Sample

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sStudents collect or create items that relate to a particular character. Some examples could be:

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sStudents collect or create items that relate to a particular character. Some examples could be:

items that give clues as to what they like to do: e.g. a movie timetable if they like going to

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sitems that give clues as to what they like to do: e.g. a movie timetable if they like going to

a magnifying glass – if they have detective tendencies!

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sa magnifying glass – if they have detective tendencies!

The students then share their inference bag and other students either guess who the character

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sThe students then share their inference bag and other students either guess who the character is, or the creator explains why each item is important to the character.

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sis, or the creator explains why each item is important to the character.

Students could create inference bags for themselves as a way of getting to know each

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sStudents could create inference bags for themselves as a way of getting to know each

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Page 5: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Inference jigsaw

This activity is designed to support younger students to make inferences.

Strategies and skills practised: inferring

Materials: text suitable for inferring, at the instructional level of the students Inference jigsaw PM19 Inference jigsaw PM19 enlarged to A3 size text for teacher modelling

Student grouping: individuals or buddies

Procedure1 Teacher preparation: Modelling – Find a quote appropriate for inferring. Write it into the first

jigsaw piece of the enlarged A3 Inference jigsaw PM. 2 Photocopy one inference jigsaw PM per student or set of buddies.3 With the class: Use a ‘think-aloud’ to articulate to students what you have inferred from the text

and why.4 Students read the text selection at their instructional level and record their inferences on the

Inference jigsaw PM as shown below.

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies

© Sheena C

ameron 2009. This p

age is reproducib

le for classroom use.

Text Your name/s Date

PM19Inference jigsaw

Inthe ook t ay ro whatIalreadyknowIth nk t ean

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Sample

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s Modelling – Find a quote appropriate for inferring. Write it into the first

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s Modelling – Find a quote appropriate for inferring. Write it into the first

Photocopy one inference jigsaw PM per student or set of buddies.

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sPhotocopy one inference jigsaw PM per student or set of buddies. Use a ‘think-aloud’ to articulate to students what you have inferred from the text

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s Use a ‘think-aloud’ to articulate to students what you have inferred from the text

Students read the text selection at their instructional level and record their inferences on the

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sStudents read the text selection at their instructional level and record their inferences on the

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Page 6: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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I think . . . T chart

This T chart graphic organiser supports students to make inferences, and to gather evidence from the text to explain why they made them.

Strategies and skills practised: inferring, note-taking

Materials: text at the instructional level of the students (suitable for making inferences) I think . . . T chart PM20

Student grouping: individuals or buddies then a small group or whole class

Procedure1 Students read the text, recording the inferences they make on the I think . . . T chart. They must

justify their inference with evidence from the text. Page numbers could also be added to show where information was found to make evidence more explicit. The students write their answers in note form. Full sentences are not necessary.

2 After reading they share their inferences and the reasons why they made them with a buddy, in small groups or with the whole class.

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies

Text uthor

Your name/s Date

© Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

I think . . . T chart PM20

I think . . . (your inference) because . . . (evidence from the text)

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Sample

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sjustify their inference with evidence from the text. Page numbers could also be added to show

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sjustify their inference with evidence from the text. Page numbers could also be added to show where information was found to make evidence more explicit. The students write their answers

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swhere information was found to make evidence more explicit. The students write their answers

After reading they share their inferences and the reasons why they made them with a buddy, in

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sAfter reading they share their inferences and the reasons why they made them with a buddy, in

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I think . . . T chart

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I think . . . T chart

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I think . . . (your inference)

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I think . . . (your inference)

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Page 7: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Character quote

This activity requires students to find a quote in the text and explain what can be inferred about the character by the quote.

Strategies and skills practised: inferring

Materials: narrative text

Student grouping: individuals or buddies

Procedure1 Model this activity using suitable quotes, and give the students an opportunity to practise

using quotes that you provide before asking them to do it independently. Characters from traditional tales are suitable for this task.

For example:

2 Ask the students to find a quote in the story that typifies a particular character.3 Students write down the quote and then their explanation of what it means.

For example:

Quote: “Why don’t we ask William to join our club?” said Aniel suddenly.

Student response: I think this quote shows that Aniel is quite cunning as he doesn’t really like William and he only wants him in the club because he has some walkie-talkies Aniel would like to use.

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Ask the students to find a quote in the story that typifies a particular character.

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Ask the students to find a quote in the story that typifies a particular character.Students write down the quote and then their explanation of what it means.

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Students write down the quote and then their explanation of what it means.

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s“Why don’t we ask William to join our club?” said Aniel suddenly.

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s“Why don’t we ask William to join our club?” said Aniel suddenly.

I think this quote shows that Aniel is quite cunning as he

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s I think this quote shows that Aniel is quite cunning as he

doesn’t really like William and he only wants him in the club because he has

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sdoesn’t really like William and he only wants him in the club because he has some walkie-talkies Aniel would like to use.

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ssome walkie-talkies Aniel would like to use.

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Page 8: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Character inference chart

In this activity, students collect a range of information about a character. This information is then used to discuss whether the information they have collected can be found in the text or whether they have inferred it.

Strategies and skills practised: inferring, note-taking

Materials: text at the instructional level of the students Character inference chart PM21

Student grouping: individuals, then buddies or small group

Procedure1 Students read the text selection in its entirety.2 Students then read the text for a second time using the prompts — facts, quotes, actions

and getting inside the character’s head — on the Character inference chart PM to gather information. Remind the students that they do not have to write full sentences; rather, just jot down appropriate information in note form.

3 Students then share the information collected and the inferences they have made with a buddy or in a small group.

Your name/s Date

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies © Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

Facts hatdoyo knowa o tthe hara ter Quotes hat does the hara ter say rite some rie uotes that he you to understand whatthe hara ter l ke

Actions hat does the hara ter a tua y do

Getting inside the character’s head

rite down some o the hara ter s thoughts and eel n

hat an you in er a out the hara ter

PM21Character inference chart

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sStudents then read the text for a second time using the prompts — facts, quotes, actions

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sStudents then read the text for a second time using the prompts — facts, quotes, actions and getting inside the character’s head — on the Character inference chart PM to gather

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sand getting inside the character’s head — on the Character inference chart PM to gather information. Remind the students that they do not have to write full sentences; rather, just jot

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sinformation. Remind the students that they do not have to write full sentences; rather, just jot

Students then share the information collected and the inferences they have made with a buddy

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sStudents then share the information collected and the inferences they have made with a buddy

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Character inference chart

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hatdoyo knowa o tthe hara ter

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hatdoyo knowa o tthe hara ter

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Page 9: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

107

Real estate inferences

Real estate advertisements often include some great examples of inference. Have fun deciphering what the advertisements really mean!

Strategies and skills practised: inferring

Materials: examples of real estate advertisements that use inference (for modelling) a selection of real estate pages from magazines or newspapers chart paper markers scissors glue sticks pencils

Student grouping: individuals or buddies

Procedure1 Use examples of real estate advertisements to

show how advertisers use inference to influence prospective buyers. Discuss what statements such as ‘handyman’s dream’, ‘lifestyle starter’ or ‘entertainers’ delight’ really mean? Explore the idea of a ‘positive spin’.

2 Individually or working with a buddy, students take a page of real estate advertisements and find examples of inferring.

3 They then cut them out and glue them onto chart paper and explain what the advertisement is inferring.

4 As an extension, students could choose one picture of a house and make up their own advertiser’s slogan that uses inference. This could then be made into a class real estate page.

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 107 3/22/10 1:11:06 PM

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ssuch as ‘handyman’s dream’, ‘lifestyle starter’ or

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ssuch as ‘handyman’s dream’, ‘lifestyle starter’ or ‘entertainers’ delight’ really mean? Explore the

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s‘entertainers’ delight’ really mean? Explore the

Individually or working with a buddy, students

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Individually or working with a buddy, students take a page of real estate advertisements and find

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take a page of real estate advertisements and find

They then cut them out and glue them onto chart paper and explain what the advertisement is

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They then cut them out and glue them onto chart paper and explain what the advertisement is

As an extension, students could choose one picture of a house and make up their own

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As an extension, students could choose one picture of a house and make up their own advertiser’s slogan that uses inference. This could then be made into a class real estate page. Sam

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advertiser’s slogan that uses inference. This could then be made into a class real estate page. Sample

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Page 10: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Sociogram

A sociogram is a graphic organiser that investigates the relationships between people. It may be used to focus on what can be inferred about characters. Sociograms are suitable for both narrative and factual text.

Strategies and skills practised: inferring

Materials: text to summarise paper pencils

Student grouping: individuals or buddies

Procedure1 After the students have read the text, ask them to think about the different characters or people

in the text.2 Students then record the characters or people in circles and draw arrows to show the

relationships they have with one another. This can be as simple as mother, friend, teacher, etc., or more complex relationships where inferred information is used.

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sAfter the students have read the text, ask them to think about the different characters or people

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sAfter the students have read the text, ask them to think about the different characters or people

Students then record the characters or people in circles and draw arrows to show the

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sStudents then record the characters or people in circles and draw arrows to show the relationships they have with one another. This can be as simple as mother, friend, teacher, etc.,

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srelationships they have with one another. This can be as simple as mother, friend, teacher, etc., or more complex relationships where inferred information is used.

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sor more complex relationships where inferred information is used.

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Page 11: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Synthesising

Introduction 144

Practice activities for the synthesising strategy1 Point of view chart 1462 Synthesis eggs 147

Other activities that use the synthesising strategy Hot-seat character interview 70 Story map 95 Inference jigsaw 103 Character inference chart 106

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Practice activities for the synthesising strategy

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Practice activities for the synthesising strategyPoint of view chart 146

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Point of view chart 146Synthesis eggs 147

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Synthesis eggs 147

Other activities that use the synthesising strategy

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Other activities that use the synthesising strategyHot-seat character interview 70

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Hot-seat character interview 70

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Story map 95Sample

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Story map 95Sample

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Inference jigsaw 103Sample

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Inference jigsaw 103Character inference chart 106Sam

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Character inference chart 106

Page 12: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Introduction

A reader who is expanding meaning by synthesising is bringing together

information derived from the text with background knowledge to develop

a whole that is greater than the parts. The understandings that arise

from synthesising are new.

– Fountas & Pinnell, Guiding Readers and Writers Grade 3–6 (2001), p. 319

At its best, synthesising involves merging new information with

existing knowledge to create an original idea, see a new perspective,

or form a new line of thinking to achieve insight.

– Harvey & Goudvis, Strategies That Work (2000), p. 143

What is synthesising?

Synthesising is when students combine their own prior knowledge with new ideas or information to create new complete thoughts, ideas, opinions or perspectives. This is the highest and most complex form of comprehension.

Responses and interpretations to the text that show synthesis can be oral, written, dramatic or artistic.

Synthesising can often result in a product. For example, after studying gardening by reading books, watching an online video and interviewing a gardener, students could plan and create a school garden.

How does synthesising support reading comprehension?

Synthesising supports reading comprehension because it requires students to combine their prior knowledge with new knowledge and put it into their own words. This creates ownership of the thinking. This can be a powerful experience that makes it more likely the student will remember the information and transfer it to new situations, which will help to further reinforce their new thinking.

Language we use when synthesising

• Hasmythinkingchangedafterreadingthistext?• HowcanIusewhatIhavereadtocreatemyownideas?• Readingthistexthasmademethink.Mynewunderstandingisthat .• HowelsecouldIusethisinformation ?• CantheconnectionsImadereadingthistexthelpmetocreateageneralisationabout

information in this text?• CantheconnectionsImadereadingthistexthelpmetogainanewperspectiveon

?

Teacher questions

• Whatwouldhappenif ?• Canyouseeapossiblesolutionto ?• Whatwouldbeanalternativeto ?• Howwouldyoudealwith ?

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 144 3/22/10 1:11:47 PM

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sSynthesising is when students combine their own prior knowledge with new ideas or information

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sSynthesising is when students combine their own prior knowledge with new ideas or information to create new complete thoughts, ideas, opinions or perspectives. This is the highest and most

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sto create new complete thoughts, ideas, opinions or perspectives. This is the highest and most

Responses and interpretations to the text that show synthesis can be oral, written, dramatic or

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sResponses and interpretations to the text that show synthesis can be oral, written, dramatic or

Synthesising can often result in a product. For example, after studying gardening by reading

Sample

page

sSynthesising can often result in a product. For example, after studying gardening by reading

books, watching an online video and interviewing a gardener, students could plan and create a

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sbooks, watching an online video and interviewing a gardener, students could plan and create a

How does synthesising support reading comprehension?

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s

How does synthesising support reading comprehension?

Synthesising supports reading comprehension because it requires students to combine their prior

Sample

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s

Synthesising supports reading comprehension because it requires students to combine their prior knowledge with new knowledge and put it into their own words. This creates ownership of the

Sample

page

s

knowledge with new knowledge and put it into their own words. This creates ownership of the thinking. This can be a powerful experience that makes it more likely the student will remember the

Sample

page

s

thinking. This can be a powerful experience that makes it more likely the student will remember the information and transfer it to new situations, which will help to further reinforce their new thinking.Sam

ple pa

ges

information and transfer it to new situations, which will help to further reinforce their new thinking.

Language we use when synthesisingSample

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Language we use when synthesising

Page 13: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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. . . and challenges

• Designamachinethatwould .• Developaproposalto .• Buildascalemodel .• Createanewproduct .• Suggestnewandunusualusesfor .

Synthesising support material

Synthesising certificate SM43

Synthesising strategy starter chart SM41

Synthesising mini poster SM42

Synthesising

Awarded to

for

by

on

Awarded to

for

by

on

Great thinking!

Great thinking!

SynthesisingSynthesising is putting together information from the

text with your own prior knowledge to develop new

ideas and understandings. It can mean using your new

knowledge to create something like a model or a plan.

My thinking has changed since I

read this story. I used to think people in wheelchairs could go

pretty much all of the places I can. Now I realise that is

nowhere near the truth. After reading about Meg, I now

understand some of the difficulties people with disabilities face when

trying to get around in public places.

© Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 145 3/22/10 1:11:49 PM

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Synthesising strategy starter chart SM41

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Synthesising strategy starter chart SM41

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Page 14: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Point of view chart

Point of view charts help students to understand that people can look at the same issue from different perspectives.

Strategies and skills practised: dentifying different points of view in a story by finding specific examples or evidence from the text

Materials: suitable text at instructional level of students Point of view chart PM40

Student grouping: individuals then small groups

Procedure1 Students read the text through in its entirety.2 Have the students compile a list of factors that could influence a person’s viewpoint, e.g. age,

gender, cultural group, religion, etc. Have them discuss how people’s viewpoints change. What makes people change their viewpoint? Have you ever changed your viewpoint?

3 Students read the text again. During the second reading, they note the different viewpoints of people in the text.

4 When they have completed the point of view chart, students share their charts in small groups.

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies © Sheena Cameron 2009. This page is reproducible for classroom use.

Text

Your name/s Date

Point of view chart PM40

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 146 3/22/10 1:11:49 PM

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sHave the students compile a list of factors that could influence a person’s viewpoint, e.g. age,

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sHave the students compile a list of factors that could influence a person’s viewpoint, e.g. age, gender, cultural group, religion, etc. Have them discuss how people’s viewpoints change. What

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sgender, cultural group, religion, etc. Have them discuss how people’s viewpoints change. What makes people change their viewpoint? Have you ever changed your viewpoint?

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smakes people change their viewpoint? Have you ever changed your viewpoint?Students read the text again. During the second reading, they note the different viewpoints of

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sStudents read the text again. During the second reading, they note the different viewpoints of

When they have completed the point of view chart, students share their charts in small groups.

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sWhen they have completed the point of view chart, students share their charts in small groups.

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Page 15: Inferring - Teacher Superstore · Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies© Jan Llewell 2008. This page is reproducible for classroom use. SM31A Read the excerpts and write your

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Synthesis eggs

This graphic organiser provides a framework to support students through the process of synthesising.

Strategies and skills practised: activating prior knowledge, synthesising

Materials: text suitable for synthesising at students’ instructional level Synthesising eggs PM41

Student grouping: individuals then small groups

Procedure1 Before reading the text, students record their prior knowledge in the first egg shape.2 During and after reading they record new information in the second egg shape.3 After doing this, they combine their prior knowledge and the new information they have learnt

and record their new understandings in the third egg shape.4 Students share their synthesis eggs in a small group.

Teaching Reading Comprehension Strategies

© Sheena C

ameron 2009. This p

age is reproducib

le for classroom use.

PM41Synthesis eggs – watch a new idea hatch!

prior knowledgewhatIalreadyknow

new informationwhat I read in the text

synthesismy new understanding is

Text Your name/s Date

9781442518612_BODY_Teaching_Reading_Strategies.indd 147 3/22/10 1:11:50 PM

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sDuring and after reading they record new information in the second egg shape.

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sDuring and after reading they record new information in the second egg shape.After doing this, they combine their prior knowledge and the new information they have learnt

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sAfter doing this, they combine their prior knowledge and the new information they have learnt

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sSynthesis eggs – watch a new idea hatch!

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sSynthesis eggs – watch a new idea hatch!

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new information

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new informationwhat I read in the text

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what I read in the text

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