Infection Control Plan MHA, NURSPH Rose Hogan Oct 2013 Infection Prevention and Control.
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Transcript of Infection Control Plan MHA, NURSPH Rose Hogan Oct 2013 Infection Prevention and Control.
Infection Control Plan
MHA, NURSPHRose Hogan
Oct 2013
Infection Prevention and Control
• What is Infection Prevention Control?
• Why do we care about it as hospital managers?
At the end of this session you should: • Be able to explain what a hospital acquired infection is• Understand the causes of disease• Understand how disease is spread in the hospital• Who is at risk of infection and why• List the core components of an IPC programme• Understand the benefit's of implementing infection
control• Understand your role in preventing HAI as a hospital
administrator
Infection
• Hospital Acquired Infections• Healthcare Acquired Infections HAI’s• Nosocomial Infections
• Appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge
• Infections acquired while in hospital NOT the infections a patient presents with
Infection can be:
Example
• Mary goes to the A&E after a moto accident. Her left leg is broken. She has a history of TB infection and is receiving treatment. 4 days after surgery she has a high fever and her surgical wound is red and hot to touch.
• Do you suspect she has a HAI? • Is her TB a HAI?
Mary has a surgical site infection caused by a microorganism she acquired in the hospital.
Her TB is not a hospital acquired infection – but it is a risk for causing a HAI in other patients.
What causes disease?
• Tiny living things!!! = ‘micro’ +‘organisms’- microorganisms
Microorganisms
• BACTERIA• Single cell organism• Mostly beneficial to the body• Millions of types• Can live in bodies, water, soil etc.• Can only be seen with a microscope• Have many ways of causing disease when in the body• Usually only cause disease when they migrate from
one part of the body to another
Example• A bacteria called Staphlococcous Aureus lives all over our
skin and does not cause infection there.• We call these endogenous bacteria you cannot remove
them.• If this bacteria moves off the skin and into any part of the
body it can cause infection.
Microorganisms
• VIRUS• Tiny partially living organisms• From the latin meaning TOXIC• They are PARASITES - they depend on the body of the
host to survive• Millions of types• Excellent at causing disease• Not beneficial to the body• Can only be seen with a microscope• Have many ways of causing disease when in the body
Example
• HCV, Hepatitis C virus infects liver cells and causes inflammation of the liver when it infects the body.
• It is passed from person to person through infected blood.
Microorganisms• FUNGI• Are larger many cell organism• Usually infect the skin and membranes• Mostly cause disease in patients with a weak immune
system i.e. Immunocomprimised patients
How disease is spread in the hospital
• Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi cannot walk, jump or fly!• To get from one body to another they need a vehicle. • How they are transported between people is called
transmission. • They travel in different ways from person to person. • Understanding how the microorganism travels helps
you design a way to stop them spreading. • Microbes can live in a person or in the environment-
we call this endogenous (coming from within) and exogenous (coming from outside) sources of infection.
Transmission
• Different Microorganisms travel in different ways!!
• Airborne Transmission• Droplet Transmission• Contact Transmission• Indirect Contact• Fecal- Oral Transmission
Droplets are large and fall to surrounding environment
Airborne microbes are small and stay suspended in the air
Skin to Skin contact- Directly touching the microbe
Touching an object where the microbe is
Not washing hand after contact with feces
Cycle of transmissionTB
Other patients
CoughAirborne + Droplet
Inhalation/ breathing
Another patient
Drugs
Isolation rooms
Masks, cough in tissue
Patient spacing, isolation
Masks
Patient spacing
Who is at risk of infection and why?
• Every person is potentially at risk of infection
Protection against infection
Those at high risk of infectionImmunocompromised patients, e.g.:
• Neonates• Infants• Old• Cancer patients• Renal patients• ICU patients• Surgical patients• Burns patients
• Any patient with an invasive device eg. IV cannulae, urinary catheter
• Those on certain drugs• HIV/AIDS patients• Malaria patients• TB patients• Those with a poor
immunization history
• To stop the spread of infection in hospital we implement a set of activities that collectively are called- Infection Prevention and control
• Standard Precautions: – work practices to achieve a minimum level of
infection control – to be used by staff for ALL patients ALL the time – include- handwashing, sharps disposal, wearing of
PPE, waste management, aseptic technique, instrument cleaning environmental cleaning
Components of Standard Precautions
Wearing Gloves
Decontaminate
CleanSterilizeChemical
High-pressure steam
Dry heat
Dry/Cool and Store
High-Level DisinfectBoilSteamChemical
Instrument Processing
Environmental Cleaning/ House keeping
Safe work practice
Proper healthcare Waste Manangement
Transmission based precautions: – the basic work practice activities for patients who
are suspected or known to have an infection – depend on how the infection is transmitted
• Includes standard precautions + ??precautions.
Airborne Mask, isolation, ventilationDroplet Mask, patient spacingContact Gloves(standard)Fecal oral Handwashing (standard)
Core Components of an IPC program• Handwashing• Gloves• Aprons• Eye Goggles• Masks• Uniforms• Theater shoes• Sterile Services for instruments• Waste managment
• Sharps Bins• Hospital maintainence• Staff Immunisation• Laundry• Microbiology laboratory• HAI surveillance• Environmental Cleaning• Single use devices• Staff Training• IPC Committee
Benefits of implementing Infection Control
• Consider what advantages are there in implementing and infection control program in your hospital?
Patient Safety
• Reduce duration of hospital stay• Increase wound healing time• Do ‘no harm’• Duty of care
• Frequent contact with blood and bodily fluids
• Occupational exposure to disease
Economic Benefits
• HAI’ are expensive• Increased antibiotic use for patients• Frequent use of lab resources• Increased duration of stay in the
hospital• Frequent readmissions
Role of the Hospital Administrator in IPC
• IPC is everyone's business in the hospital!• The HA has a responsibility as management
staff to model good practice, e.g. – Handwashing– not wearing jewellery, etc.
• An essential role in supporting – the procurement of drugs, equipment – staff necessary for IPC and for facilitating the
implementation of practices
Management systems and IPC• Human resources, • Staff patient ratios, • Bed management, • Patient pathways, • Training, • Information and it, • Contract management, • Procurement, • Estates and facilities, • Building design, • Performance monitoring,• Risk management, • Resource allocation