8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

1/24

INFECTION AND INFECTIONCONTROL

Facilitator: Alex L. Legion, RN

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

2/24

INFECTIONWhat is INFECTION?

Infection is also defined as th

einvasion multiplication ofmicroorganisms on the tissues of

the HOST resulting in signs andsymptoms as well as animmunologic response.

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

3/24

The production of

microorganism injure thepatient by either:

Competing with the HOSTmetabolism

Cellular damage produced by t

hemicrobes

Intracellular multiplication

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

4/24

Damage could be

Localized ( pressure sore, infected pressure

ulcer )

Systemic

Note: the severity of infection varies with the

disease producing ability and th

e number ofinvading organism, the strength of thedefense and some other factors

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

5/24

Diagnostic Assessments:

WBC elevated in acute inflammatory

disease, bacterial disease

5- 10 x 109 /L

Lymphocytic and monocytic fractions

elevated in viral diseases 20%- 30%; 2%- 6% fraction

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

6/24

Diagnostic Tests

ESR Elevated sedimentation ratesindicate the presence of inflammation

< 15 mm/ hr

Culture of Infectious Site provides

information on the growth ofmicroorganism in the culture media,to which type.

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

7/24

Why iNFeCtiOn ocCur?

?

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

8/24

Some bacteria develop resistance to

antibiotics

Some microbes such as influenza have somany different strains that a single vaccinecant protect against them all

Most viruses resist antiviral drugs

New infectious agents occasionally arise suchas HIV and corona virus

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

9/24

Some microbes localize in areas of the body

that make treatment difficult ( bones, CNS)

Opportunistic organisms can cause infectionin immuno- compromised patients

Most of the people have not received

immunization

Increase in air travel can speed the virulentorganism to a heavily populated area in hours

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

10/24

Use of biological warfare and bioterrorism

with organism such as Anthrax, plaque, isan increasing threat to public health andsafety throughout the world

the expanded use of immunosuppressive

drugs and invasive procedures increase therisk of infection

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

11/24

Role of the Nurse in

Communicable diseases

Render nursing care to the patients withcommunicable diseases

Be knowledgeable in the ;

o Nature of specific microorganism, and itscapacity to survive in the body and outside

o Most effective method to destruct thespecific microorganism

o How the organism invades the Host and itsroute of escape from the body

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

12/24

o

Th

e incubation periods and length

ofcommunicability

o How specific drugs alter the clinical signs and

the infectious course of the disease

o the most recent methods and concept of

prophylaxis for communicable diseases

o The rationales and control measures,

including isolation techniques

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

13/24

NURSING CARE

SELF PROTECTION

PREVENTING SPREAD

PHYSICAL CARE OF PATIENTEMOTIONAL SUPPORT OF PATIENT

SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF CARE

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

14/24

Assessment:(community level)

Provides an estimate of thedegree to which a family, group,or community is achieving thelevel ofhealth possible for them,

identifies specific deficiencies orguidance needed and estimatesthe possible effects of the Nursing

Interventions

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

15/24

CHAIN OF INFECTION

CAUSATIVEAGENT PORT OFENTRY INOCULATIONSTAGE

INFECTION PORT OF EXIT

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

16/24

CHAIN OF INFECTION

SUSCEPTIBLE

PORT OFENTERY

INOCULATIONSTAGE

INFECTION

PORT OF EXIT

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

17/24

Assessment

Collection of dataCategories of Health Problems

Diagnosing community problem( focus oncommunicable diseases)

Planning/ Goal setting

Construction an action planImplementation planned care

Evaluation of care and Services provided

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

18/24

In assessment;

Investigators study the currentincidence of the disease in thatSPECIFIC AREA and compare it tothe past incidence rate.

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

19/24

To classify or determine if;

Sporadic these are diseasesthat occur occasionally an

irregularly

Epidemic- these are diseasesthat occurs greater thanexpected number in a specificarea over a specific time

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

20/24

To classify or determine if;

Pandemic is an epidemic that

affects several countries or continents

Endemic - are those that are present

in a population or community at all

times. They usually involve few

people during specific time

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

21/24

InflaMmaTiOnIRRITATION ON SKIN

SURFACE

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

22/24

INFLAMMATION The protective response of

body tissues to irritation orinjury.

Cardinal signs are;Redness

Swelling

PainOften accompanied by loss of

function

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

23/24

MANAGEMENT FOR INFECTION

8/6/2019 Infection and Infection Control

24/24

THANK YOU!!!