Infection Control
-
Upload
philip-kidd -
Category
Documents
-
view
20 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Infection Control
![Page 1: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Infection Control
![Page 2: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Basic Principals of Infection Control How disease is transmitted and the main
ways to prevent transmission. Microorganisms are small living organisms
invisible to the naked eye Two types of microorganisms 1. Pathogens 2. Nonpathogens
![Page 3: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What are microorganisms?
Microorganisms are small living organisms invisible to the naked eye
There are five classes of microorganisms Bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsiae,
and viruses.
![Page 4: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Classifications of microorganisms
Bacteria – cocci round MRSA, strepthroat bacilli rods i.e. TB, pertussis, botulism spirilla spirals i.e. syphilis, cholera
Protozoa- one cell animal-like i.e. malaria
Fungi – plant-like organisms i.e. Yeasts, molds i.e. Ringworm, thrush etc.
![Page 5: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Microorganisms (cont.)
Rickettsiae- parasitic i.e. Lice, ticks, fleas
Viruses - cannot reproduce without a cell, major risk to healthcare workers and are blood borne:
Examples of viruses, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, HIV.
![Page 6: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Factors for Growth of Microorganisms
Most prefer warm, moist or wet, dark environment i.e. the human body
Oxygen needs vary
anaerobic no oxygen
aerobic needs oxygen
![Page 7: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pathogenic microorganisms
Cause diseases in different ways produce poisons toxins allergic reactions attack and destroy the cells
antibiotics are effective against bacteria not against viruses
![Page 8: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Classes of Diseases and Infections
Endogenous
inside the body
i.e. tumors, congenital disorders Exogenous
outside the body
i.e. trauma, electric shock
![Page 9: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Classes of Diseases and Infections (cont)
Nosocomial
acquired in healthcare facilities
i.e. Staph MRSA, pseudomonas Opportunistic
infections that only affect the
immunosuppressed
i.e. Kaposi’s sarcoma, pneumocystis carnii
![Page 10: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chain of Infection
Causative agent (pathogen, bacteria, virus)
Reservoir (place to live) i.e. human body.
Portal of exit (the way the pathogen escapes) i.e. urine, feces, secretions
Mode of transmission (transmitted to a reservoir or a host)
Direct or Indirect
![Page 11: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Direct
person to person
sexual
contaminated hands Indirect
touching contaminated equipment
breathing droplets
insect bites
Mode of Transmissions
![Page 12: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Portal of Entry
a way to enter a new host or new reservoir i.e. respiratory tract, breaks in the skin etc.
Susceptible Host
anyone who can contract the disease
weak immune systems
anyone with a breakdown in defense
mechanisms
Chain of Infection (cont.)
![Page 13: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Infectious Agent
Portal of Exit
Reservoir
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
![Page 14: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ending the chain
Breaking the chain Use aseptic technique asepsis Best is hand washing Levels or types of asepsis antiseptics, disinfection, sterilizationAntiseptics used in healthcare alcoholand betadine
![Page 15: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bacteria
One celled organism Multiply rapidly Classified by shape:
![Page 16: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cocci
Round or spherical in shape Types: Diplococci-occur in pairs-cause gonorrhea,
meningitis and pneumonia
![Page 17: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Diplococci
Occur in pairs-cause gonorrhea, meningitis and pneumonia
![Page 18: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Streptococci
Occur in chains Cause-strep throat
![Page 19: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Staphylococci
Occur in clusters or groups Most common pyogenic(pus producing) Cause- boils, wound infections and toxic
shock
![Page 20: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bacilli Rod shaped Occur singly, pairs or in chains Many have flagella which are threadlike projections that allow them
to move Can form spores (thick walled capsules) when conditions for growth
are poor which make them DIFFICULT to kill!!! Cause-tuberculosis, tetanus, pertussis (whopping cough)
![Page 21: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew in shape Cause-syphilis and cholera
![Page 22: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Protozoa One celled animal-like organisms Found in decayed materials and
contaminated water May have flagella Cause-malaria, trichomonas
![Page 23: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fungi Simple plant-like organisms that live on
dead organic matter Yeast and molds are common forms Cause-ringworm, athletes foot, yeast
vaginitis and thrush
![Page 24: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rickettsiae Parasitic Microorganisms Cannot live outside the cells of another living organism Found in fleas, lice, ticks and mites Transmitted to humans by the bites of these insects Cause-Typhus Fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
![Page 25: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Viruses Smallest microorganisms Cannot reproduce unless inside another
living cell Spread from human to human by blood or
other body secretions Resistant to many disinfectants and not
affected by antibiotics Cause-Common cold, measles,
chickenpox herpes, warts, influenza
![Page 26: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3 Viruses of Major Concern
Hepatitis B-transmitted by blood, serum and other body fluids-affects the liver-has a vaccine
Hepatitis C-transmitted by blood and blood containing body fluids-no symptoms or flu like symptoms-cause liver damage-vaccine being developed
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome-caused by HIV virus-suppresses immune system-no cure or vaccine
![Page 27: Infection Control](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56812c9f550346895d91471c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)