Industrial Revolution

EQ: What are the significant terms to know to understand

the Industrial Revolution?

1. Industrial Revolution• Sudden acceleration of technological

and economic development that began in Britain in the 18th century and spread throughout the world

• Traditional farming economy replaced by an economy dominated by machinery and manufacturing

• Transferred political power away from the landowner to the industrial capitalist and created an urban working class

Industrial Revolution

http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/home.html

2. Agricultural Revolution

• Period of time between the 18th and 19th centuries which saw a massive and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and vast improvements in farm technologyhttp://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=632231

2. Agricultural Revolution

• Better food supply– Larger farms– Crop rotation– Synthetic fertilizers– New machines– Displacement of

farm workers• Many went to to the

cities looking for factory jobs

http://www.passionistsisters.org/about/history-of-the-passionist-sisters/

3. Crop rotation

• Practice of growing different crops one after the other on the same land to keep the land as productive as possible

• Increased food supply was a prerequisite (requirement) for industrialization

y.com/Articles/233/Ghttp://www.gardenalitarden-Types/Food-Gardens/Vegetable-Garden-Crop-Rotation/default.html

4. Industry

• Economic activity focused on manufacturing (making things)

http://lifeboat.com/ex/flexible.automated.manufacturing

5. Textiles

• Cloth• Textile industry

(manufacturing of cloth) was the first industry to industrialize.

http://www.textilefromturkey.com/2012/10/06/turkish-textile-company-invest-textile-project-dagestan/

•1769 Arkwright patented the water frame.•1770 Hargreaves patented the Spinning Jenny.•1773 The first all-cotton textiles were produced in factories.•1779 Crompton invented the spinning mule that allowed for greater control over the weaving process.

Inventions in Textile MachinerySeveral inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during the Industrial Revolution.

•1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster.

•1742 Cotton mills were first opened in England.•1764 Spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves - the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel.•1764 Water frame invented by Richard Arkwright - the first powered textile machine.

Several inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during the Industrial Revolution. •1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an improvement to looms that enabled weavers to weave faster.•1742 Cotton mills were first opened in England.•1764 Spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves - the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel.•1764 Water frame invented by Richard Arkwright - the first powered textile machine.•1769 Arkwright patented the water frame.•1770 Hargreaves patented the Spinning Jenny.•1773 The first all-cotton textiles were produced in factories.•1779 Crompton invented the spinning mule that allowed for greater control over the weaving process.

6. Entrepreneurs

• People who organize, operate, and assume the risks of a new business.

• Modern examples include Bill Gates, Steven Jobs and …

http://www.123rf.com/photo_13779218_dark-chalkboard-with-the-word-entrepreneur-illustration.html

• The Industrial Revolution that occurred in Europe during the 19th century was of great importance to the economic future of the United States.

• (1) transportation was expanded

• (2) electricity was effectively harnessed

• (3) improvements were made to industrial processes.

Industrial Revolution Inventors

Person Invention Date

James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775

Eli WhitneyCotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets

1793, 1798

Robert FultonRegular Steamboat service on the Hudson River

1807

Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836

Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844

Isaac SingerImproves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine

1851

Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876

Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescent Light Bulb 1877, 1879

Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888

Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892

Orville and Wilbur Wright First Airplane 1903

Henry Ford Model T Ford, Assembly Line 1908, 1913

7. Factory System

• An efficient combination of workers and power-driven machinery that replaced cottage industry and the craftsmen

• Manufacturing of textiles was the first industry to change.

http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/auto-manufacturing/automotive-production-line.htm

8. Urbanization

• Process in which an increasing percentage of the population lives in cities

• An effect of industrialization

• From 1800-1850 a significant increase in the number and size of cities in Europe and in the United States http://urbantimes.co/2012/07/urbanization-is-not-the-problem-

dealing-with-it-is/

9. Capitalism

• An economic system that focuses on individual ownership of wealth and property

10. Adam Smith

• 18th century Scottish economist

• Wealth of Nations attacked mercantilist ideas

• Supported laissez-faire– Economy should be left

alone to regulate itself by its own natural laws.

– Laws of supply and demand control prices.

10. Adam Smith

• People should be free to pursue their economic self-interest.

• Government should be a passive policeman in regulating the economy.

11. Socialism

• Economic theory believing that there should be common ownership of all property.

• Includes common ownership of factories, railroads, and infrastructure

• Founder – Karl Marx

Karl Marx

12. Labor Union

• Organization of workers

• Created to protest the working conditions within the original factories

• Successes included:– 8-hour working day– Minimum wage– End of child labor