Industrial AmericaIndustrial America(1877-1910)(1877-1910)

Industrial ExpansionIndustrial Expansion

After the Civil War, Northern states continue to experience industrial expansion

Why?- Transportation Networks

- Massive immigration

- Higher demand of products

- Laissez-faire politics

Industrial ExpansionIndustrial Expansion

So, what exactly expanded? Factories Mining Transportation

- (Railroad networks) Inventions Labor Unions

1890 Census1890 Census

• Agricultural jobs

• Industrial jobs

1920 US Census1920 US Census

• Rural areas

• Urban areas

Inventors & Inventions

Modern TypewriterModern Typewriter Christopher Scholes, 1867

Mail-Order CatalogsMail-Order Catalogs

A.M. Ward, 1872 Richard Sears, 1888

TelephoneTelephone

Alexander Graham Bell, 1876

Steam TurbineSteam Turbine Charles Parsons, 1884

London, UK Naval Ships Hydroelectric Dams

Stanley Steam EngineStanley Steam Engine

Stanley Brothers, 1897 Kingfield, ME

Maine Hydro DamsMaine Hydro Dams

Harris Dam, West Forks

Maine Hydro DamsMaine Hydro Dams

Williams Dam, Bingham

Light Bulb & ElectricityLight Bulb & Electricity

Thomas Edison, 1879-1882

Modern Machine GunModern Machine Gun

Hiram Maxim, 1885 Sangerville, ME

Soft Drinks Soft Drinks

Augustin Thompson, 1884 Union, ME

John Pemberton, 1886

IndustrialEnterprise

Common IndustriesCommon Industries

Textiles Paper Cigarettes Steel Food Processing Meat Packing

- Green Bay; Chicago

Washburn BrothersWashburn Brothers

Livermore, ME Codwallader, Elihu, & William

Maine Pulp & PaperMaine Pulp & Paper

• 1868: 1st Mill in Topsham

• 1875: SD Warren (now SAPPI)• Westbrook, ME

• Largest & most profitable paper mill in WORLD

• 1900: Great Northern Paper• Millinocket, ME

Maine Pulp & Paper Maine Pulp & Paper

• 1920: Paper mills own 80% of North Maine Woods

• 2000: Every paper company has sold their land holdings

• Future?

North Maine WoodsNorth Maine Woods

John D. RockefellerJohn D. Rockefeller

• Standard Oil Company

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

• US Steel Co.

JP MorganJP Morgan

• JP Morgan Holding Co.

Railroad ExpansionRailroad Expansion

Railroad ExpansionRailroad Expansion

• “Race to Utah”

• “The Commodore”

– Cornelius Vanderbilt

Union-Pacific RailroadUnion-Pacific Railroad

Promontory Summit, UTPromontory Summit, UT