Indonesian Music 2
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Transcript of Indonesian Music 2
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Indonesia: Javanese GamelanMusic
Gamelan Outreach Project
Center for South East Asian StudiesUniversity of Michigan
Prepared by: Dr. Vera H. Flaig
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ -
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Indonesia
Consists of a archepeligo of several thousand islandsof which Java is the largest.During colonial times Indonesia was known as theDutch East Indies
Consists of many diverse languages and cultures.The development of a common national languageIndonesian made it possible to build the unityneeded to win the revolution against the Dutch
(1945-1949).Major religions include: Hindu/Buddhism; Islam; andChristianity.
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Gamelan Tuning and Modes
Laras (tuning system)Slendro: a five-note (pentatonic) tuningPlog: a seven-note tuning
Pathet (Modes)*Slendro Nem Plog NemSlendro Sanga Plog LimaSlendro Manyura Plog Barang
*Modes correspond to Wayang Kulit performance: Nem from 9:00 PM to Midnight;Sanga from Midnight to 3:00 AM;Manyura from 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM.
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Gamelan Musical Structure
Colotomic Structure: based upon a circular perceptionof time.
Reflects the persistence of Hindu-Buddhistconceptions of time introduced to Java during the firstmillennium C.E.
All instruments in the gamelan must play importantstructural or auspicious notes together. Thesecoincidences carry important meaning in Javaneseculture.
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Gamelan Musical Structure
The sounding of the gong agung with thekenong marks the musical instance of thegreatest weight or importance. It is at this pointthat the gendhing may begin or end.
Lesser points of coincidence also exist (listedin order of importance):
Kenong strokekethuk stroke Kempul stroke
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Gamelan Texture
Three layers :Structural : gong and kenong as well as
kethuk/kempyang
Balungan: basic melodic content
Elaboration: realizes inner melody
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Sarons: Balungan Instruments
Demung
Saron BarungSaron Panarus or Peking
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Punctuating Instruments
Gong Agung & Siyem
Kenong
Kempul
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Punctuating and Time KeepingInstruments
Kethuk Kempyang
Kendhang
(Played bythe conductorof the gamelanOrchestra)
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Elaborating Instruments: MelodicLeaders of the Gamelan
Bonang Barung and Bonang PanarusRebab
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Soft -Style Elaborating Instruments
Gambang
Gender (three tunings)
Four Sulings (different tunings)
http://www.seasite.niu.edu/indonesian/_vti_bin/shtml.dll/Budaya_Bangsa/Gamelan/Javanese_Gamelan/counter-melody/suling.htm/maphttp://www.seasite.niu.edu/indonesian/_vti_bin/shtml.dll/Budaya_Bangsa/Gamelan/Javanese_Gamelan/counter-melody/gambang.htm/map -
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Lancaran bubaran Kembang Pacar ,laras plog pathet nem
Balungan Level: Sarons
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Lancaran bubaran Kembang Pacar , IRAMA Level: Bonang Barung
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Lancaran bubaran Kembang Pacar , IRAMA Level: Bonang Panarus