Individual and group behavior

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Individual

Individuals react differently in samesituations

Differences are affected by biological

or individual factors and theenvironment they’ve brought up



Biological or Individual

Factors Age

Gender

Religion

Marital Status

Tenure

Ability



Emotional Intelligence

Form of social intelligence thatinvolves the ability to monitor one’s

own and others’ feelings and

emotions, to discriminate amongthem, and to use this information to

guide one’s thinking and action



Learned Characteristics

Personality

Attitude

Perception

Values



Group

Two or more individuals interactingand

interdependent, who have come

together to achieve particularobjectives.



Types of Groups

Formal Group

◦ Designated work group defined by the

organization’s structure

◦ Distinctive stature of formal groups is thata hierarchy of authority exists with

specified member, rules & regulations



Types of Groups

Informal Group

◦ Group that is neither formally structured

nor organizationally determined

◦ Relates to natural formations in the workenvironment which appear in response to

the need for social contract



Group dynamics

Concerned with interaction and forcesbetween group members in a social

situation



Norms

Acceptable standards shared andadopted by the members of a group

Influence the group's behavior with a

minimum of external controls Exert pressure upon members to bring

their behavior into conformity with the

standards of the group



Types of Norms

Performance Norms

Appearance Norms

Behavior Norms



Status

Refers to the official position enjoyedby an individual in an organization

Standing of a person in a group

depends on various factors such aspersonal attributes, charismatic

disposition, demographic

characteristics, educational level,experience, length of service in the

organization, expertise, and proven

track record in accomplishing grouptask



Cohesiveness

Degree to which group members areattracted to each other and are

motivated to stay in the group



Conformity

Members in the organization want tobelong to a group



Groupthink

Phenomenon in which the norms forconsensus overrides the realistic

appraisal of alternative course of

action Groupthink is a situation



Societal Values

Values

Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to

an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state ofexistence



Societal Values

Individualism

◦ The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals ratherthan a member of groups.

Collectivism◦ A tight social framework in which people expect others in groups

of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.



Societal Values

Power Distance◦ Extent to which individuals in a society accepts

status and power inequalities as a normal andfunctional aspect of life

Uncertainty Avoidance◦ Extent to which individuals rely on procedures

and organizations to avoid ambiguity,unpredictability, and risk.

Gender role orientation◦ Extent to which a society reinforces, or does not

reinforce, traditional motions of masculinityversus femininity

Individual and group behavior

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