INDIGENOUS FOWLS

Dr.Gurram.Srinivas,                 Assistant Professor

 Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary ScienceKorutla, Karimnagar, 505326

Telangana, India

INDIGENOUS FOWLS

• Rural poultry farming in India contributes to about 40% of the national egg production

• Indian native breeds are well known for their tropical adaptability and disease resistance

• Jungli Murgi - Jungli murgi or Red Jungle fowl - Gallus Gallus

• Domesticated fowl – Gallus domesticus

Breed Home TractAnkaleshwar Gujarat

Aseel Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

Busra Gujarat and Maharastra

Chittagong Meghalaya and Tripura

Danki Andhra Pradesh

Daothigir Assam

Ghagus Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka

Harringhata Black West Bengal

Kadaknath Madhya Pradesh

Kalasthi Andhra Pradesh

KashmirFaverolla Jammu and Kashmir

Miri Assam

Nicobari Andaman & Nicobar

Punjab Brown Panjaband Haryana

Tellichery Kerala

• These with Chittagong, Aseel, Langshan or Brahma blood in them are bigger in size and better in meat quality than the common flows.

Native breeds of egg type chicken in India

Breed

Body weight

(20 weeks)

g

Age at sexual

maturity (days)

Annual egg

production (No.)

Egg weight at 40 weeks

(g)Fertility

Hatchability (5)

Aseel 1220 196 92 50 66 63Frizzle 1005 185 110 53 61 71Kadaknath 920 180 105 49 55 52Naked neck 1005 201 99 54 66 71

Aseel• Found in most parts of Andhra Pradesh, especially the East

Godavari, Visakhapatnam, Viziangaram districts and in the Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh.

The most popular varieties are • Peela (golden red), • Yarkin (black and red), • Nurie 89 (white),• Kagar (black), • Chitta (black and white silver), • Teekar (brown) and • Reza (light red).

Aseel

Aseel

28 inches

Aseel• The literal meaning of Aseel is real or pure. • Aseel is well known for its pugnacity, high stamina, majestic

gait and fighting qualities. • Game bird• cock-fighting • Its outstanding feature is its thick and long neck, long and

slender face without feathers, short beak, short and small comb, ear lobes and the absence of wattles.

• Its legs are long, strong and straight and the bird has an upright and majestic gait

• The wattles are rudimentary and almost imperceptible. The eyes are compact, well set and present bold looks.

• The hen matures and begins to lay eggs between 5-6 months of age, and lays 3-4 clutches per year, with each clutch having 10-12 eggs (36-60 eggs laid per year).

• The Cornish inherited from the Aseel its meaty, well-muscled body, sturdy frame and yellow skin and legs.

• Aseel meat is highly valued ,with prices per kg live weight being 50-100% higher than the broiler because of its superior taste and texture

Characteristics of Aseel

• Body weight at 20 weeks: 1,220 gms.• Standard Weight:

-Cocks: 3 to 4 kgs-Hens: 2 to 3 kgs-Cockerels: 2.5 to 3.5 kgs-Pullets: 1.5 to 2.5 kgs.

• Age at sexual maturity: 196 days.• Annual egg production : 92.• Average Egg weight at 40 weeks: 50 gms.• Fertility: 66%.• Hatchability of fertile eggs: 63%.• Size of a good specimen of an Aseel Cock from head to

toe: 28 inches. 

ASEEL

KADAKNATH

kadaknath• Kalamasi” which means “fowl with black flesh• The Kadaknath is popular mainly for its

adaptability, and the well-tasting black meat, which is believed to infuse vigour.

• reared mainly by the tribal communities of Bhil and Bhilala in the Jhabua and Dhar districts of Western Madhya Pradesh.

• adaptability to the local environment, disease resistance, meat quality, texture and flavour

• The colour of the day old chicks is bluish to black with irregular dark stripes over the back.

• The adult plumage varies from silver to gold spangled to blue black without any spangling.

• The skin, beak, shank, toes and soles of feet of males and females are dark gray colour. Even the comb, wattles and tongue also show a purplish. The shining blue tinge of the earlobes add to its unique features.

• The weight of cocks is about 1.5 kg and that of hens is 1.0 kg

• most of the internal organs show the characteristic black pigmentation which is more pronounced in trachea, thoracic and abdominal air sacs, gonads, elastic arteries, at the base of the heart and mesentery.

• blackish colouration is also found in the skeletal muscles, tendons, nerves, meninges, brain and bone marrow.

• The black colour of muscles and tissues is due to the deposition of melanin pigment, a genetic condition called "Fibromelanosis".

Performance Profile

• Body weight at 20 weeks (g) 920 • Age at sexual maturity (days) 180 • Annual egg production (number) 105 • Egg weight at 40 week (g) 49 • Fertility (%) 55 • Hatchability FES (%) 52

NAKED NECK

NAKED NECK

Naked neck• Trivandrum region of Kerala is considered to be

the homeland of Naked neck but it is available throughout hot and humid coastal area including Andman and Nicobar island and North-Eastern states of the country in small numbers.

• People of these regions have great affinity for Naked neck birds due to their better adaptability to the hot and humid climatic conditions as well as for better taste and flavour of meat.

Naked neck

• long cylindrical neck. • As the name indicates, neck of the birds is

fully naked or only a tuft of feathers is seen on the front of the neck above crop

tuft

• Their excellent meat quality coming from the foraging of these birds.

• The beak is short and well curved. The face is long and not covered with feathers. The eyes are compact and well set. The skin is thin and pinkish in colour.

• The beak and shanks have no correlation with plumage colour. Main plumage colours are brown, black, white and mixture of brown and black.

• Due to the reduced feathering, the birds are capable to tolerate the tropical stress.

• It lays the biggest size eggs among all the Indian native breeds of chicken.

FRIZZLE• Frizzle fowls have oval body with well-developed comb and

wattles. The skin is thin and pinkish pale in colour. • The beak and shanks generally have no correlations with the

plumage colour and are creamish pale in colour. • The birds have single comb and earlobes are well developed

with white spots on them. The eyes are bright and well-developed. Plumage colours vary considerably among the birds but white, brown, black and mixed colour are most common.

• found all over the hot and humid coastal areas including Andaman Nicobar Islands.

• also available on high altitudes hilly tracts of North-Eastern states.

• It is said that birds have better adaptability to the hot and humid climatic conditions.

FRIZZLE

FRIZZLE

FRIZZLE

Phulbani

• : Mostly found in the districts of Phulbani and Boudh in Orissa.

Kalahandi

• Widely distributed in Bhawanipatna, Khariar and Nawapara subdivisions of Kalahandi district of Orissa.

Dumasil

• found in Karaya and Jashipur blocks of Mayurbhanj district in Orissa.

Vezaguda

Orissa and even adjoining areas of the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Gujuri

Widely distributed in Baripada and Khunta blocks of Mayurbhanj district in Orissa

Hansli

distributed in Udala and Kaptipada blocks of Mayurbhanj district in Orissa

Harringhata Black

Reared throughout West Bengal

Chittagong (Malay)

Found in the North Eastern states of India bordering Bangladesh

Tellicherry

Calicut district but also in the surrounding areas in Kannur and Malappuram districts of Kerala, and the adjoining Mahe region of Puducherry.

Red Junglefowl

• Native to Southern and Southeast Asia and in India it is found in east Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa and the forests of Chhattisgarh. The red junglefowl inhabits tropical and subtropical habitats throughout its extensive range, including mangroves, scrubland and plantations, although it seems to prefer flat or gently sloping terrain, forest edges and secondary forest. It is also found in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Punjab Brown

Found in rural areas of Gurdaspur in Punjab, and in Ambala and Yamunanagar in Haryana.

Nicobari

the bird is native to the Nicobar islands

Kalasthi

These are native to the Chittoor district, and adjoining regions of Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh.

Ghagus

Found in the Kolar district, and adjoining locations of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Daothigir

Found in the districts of Kokrajhar, Chirang, Udalguri and Baska in Assam.

Danki

DISTRIBUTED IN THE VIZIANAGRAM DISTRICT (BOBLI REGION) AND ADJOINING

PARTS OF SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH BORDERING ORISSA.

Busra

Busra birds are found in the Navapur Taluk of Nandurbar and the Sakri Taluk of Dhule districts of Maharashtra, and the Songadh and Uchchal Taluks of Surat district of Gujarat.

Ankleshwar

The native tract is Bharuch and Narmada districts of Gujarat. The name of the breed is derived from the Ankleshwar region of district Bharuch

Kashmir Favorolla

The indigenous chicken of Kashmir thrives at an altitude of 1,500 to 2,000 meters above sea level.