Indian seed congress-2013
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The Future Of Indian Agriculture -Role of Indian Seed Industry-
M. Prabhakar Rao Nuziveedu Seeds Limited
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Evolution of Indian Agriculture
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Evolution over 40 years
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82 108 130 176 197
252
Food Grain Production Million Tons
7 9.6 9.4 18.6 18.5
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Oil seed Production In Million Tons
5.6 4.8 7 9.8 9.5
35.2
1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2011-12
Cotton Production in Million Bales Cotton Bale-170 kg
(Source- Dept. Of Ag. GOI)
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Productivity of Major Field Crops
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To even out the effect of extreme weather variations *1998-99 data is avg. of six preceding years 1993-94 to 1998-99
**2011-12 data is avg. of six preceding years 2005-06 to 2011-12
Productivity kg/ha
1998-99* 2011-12**
Crops Productivity Productivity Growth %
Cotton 240.83 452.66 88
Paddy 1883.15 2180.50 15.8
Maize 1665.83 2228.83 33.8
Wheat 2529 2802 10.8
Pulses 599.3 634.6 5.9
Oilseeds 863.16 1026.5 33.1
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But this growth not adequate
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227 280
1.3X
Food Grain
Milk
Vegetable & Fruits
Meat /Fish/egg 2007 2020
2007 2020
2007 2020
2007 2020
111
270
109.8 202.2
11.6
30.1
1.8X
2.6X 2.8X
Source: Estimate of Food Demand—Working Paper No. 209, ICRIER; NSSO Interviews
Food Demand likely to go up from~ 450 MMT to 780 MMT in 2020
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CHALLENGES & WAY FORWARD
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The key challenges
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Productivity gaps Technological interventions
Govt. Policies & Regulation
Labour shortage
Challenges
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Productivity gaps
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9.5
3.1
Egypt India
7.8
2.6
UK India China India
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85
63
Australia India
Crop Yield (t/ha) highest vs. India
Rice Wheat Cotton Sugarcane
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Potential to increase production
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Agricultural Production
Area (Limited)
Productivity
Seeds
R&D and Technologies to
constantly improve seeds
Nutrition (Limited)
Irrigation (Limited)
Agronomic practices
New practices to match the genotype,
extension and training
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Keys to break Productivity barriers
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Superior Planting Material
Agronomic Innovations (improved practices)
Extension services
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Superior Planting Material
• Genetic enhancement for productivity
• Tolerance to biotic & abiotic stress
through-
Superior germplasm
Introgression of GM or Non-GM traits
Use of molecular markers to expedite
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Some Examples -
High density planting in Cotton/Maize
Direct Seeded Rice
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Agronomic Innovations
Right Products
Right Agronomy
High Yield
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High density planting : cotton
• Current seed rates of cotton at 1.61 pkts/ acre, translates to 7200 plants per acre
• An increase in plant population results in direct increase in yield, with right agronomy
• 50% increase means additional revenue of Rs.35k crores, net income of Rs.25k crores
• Changing habits would require enormous amount of education and needs industry push and government support.
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Reaching Farmers through Extension
Private
Public-Private Partnerships
( PPP)
Public
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Product development/
Marketing Teams Extension Workers
Government encourages PPP’s and issued guidelines under RKVY
The need today is to intensify Extension education by:
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Case: High density planting + PPP Vidharbha
Objective: To Increase the Productivity and Production of Cotton farmers by 50% in the Project.
Main Concept:- High Density Population Formations of Effective Farmer SHGs Use of Plant Growth Regulator. Use of Integrated Nutrient Mgmt Use of Integrated Pest Mgmt. Post Harvest Management.
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Areas of Interventions
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Particulars Traditional Methods Under Public Private
Project
Plant Population Traditional spacing High Density closing spacing
Micro nutrients Rare Applied based on soil testing
Plant Growth Regulators
Not Applied scientifically
Applied scientifically
Expert Assistance Not Available Timely Advice available
Market linkage Not Available
Available
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Spacing and Plant Population
• The above data is based on averages. The actual spacing / density has been adopted farmer-wise based
on the soil type and Water Availability.
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District Taluka Traditional
spacing (Ft)
Plant Density
per acre
Spacing under
PPP(Ft)
Plant Density per acre under
PPP
% increase of Plants
Popl.
Akola Akot 3*2 7293 3.5*1 12502 71%
Telhara 3*2 7293 3.5*1 12502 71%
Amaravati Daryapur 3*2 7293 3*1 14586 100%
Anjangaon surji
3*2 7293 3*1 14586 100%
Buldhana Sangrampur 4*1.5 7293 3.5*1 12502 71%
Jalgoan Jamod
3*1.5 9724 3.5*1 12502 28%
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PPP- Activities Done
• Soil sample Testing of 1652 farmers and recommended use
of fertilizer dosage accordingly.
• Distribution of Seed Packets -20,676 packets
• Regular Visit of Technical team to Guide the Farmer .
• Conducted Training Programs in Three stages.
• Supply of Micronutrients to Farmers. -103 tonnes
• Supply of Growth Regulators- 3800ltrs.
• Distribution Liquid nutrients for Foliar spray of 12MT.
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Other Activities Done
• 93 Registered Farmer Groups were formed .
• Voice Mail to all the Farmers regarding Time specific activities for
the Crop
• Procurement of Kapas at Market Price at our Ginning and Pressing
mill at Hiwarkhed.
• Ginning of Kapas of Farmers at our Ginning and Pressing mill.
• Facilitating Storage of Bales of Farmers.
• Arrangements with Banks – HDFC bank, Yes bank and ICICI bank for
Warehouse receipt based funding for cotton bales of Farmers.
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PPP Project: Expected Yields
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District Taluka No. of Acres
Last year Avg.Yd(Qtls)
Present Avg.Yd(Qtls)
% Increase
Akola Akot 3365 5.30 7.75 52%
Telhara 2573 5.28 6.48 45%
Buldhana Sangrampur 1924 5.30 8.43 60%
Jalgoan-Jamod 473 5.00 9.50 90%
Amravathi Daryapur 1290 4.91 7.50 45%
Anjangaon-surji
713 6.00 8.75 23%
Total 10338
Project Average
5.29 8.06 52%
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PPP in Maharashtra
Visit of Dr Sudhir Goel Principal Secy (Agri) Maharashtra
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Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)
• Rationale: 5000 liters of water, a scarce resource, needed to produce
1 kg of Rice. In India 66% of total available irrigation water used for
rice cultivation. Reduction of green house gases. Improved fertilizer efficiency. Amenability to mechanization. Reduction in cost of transplantation.
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Direct Seeded Rice Contd… • Situation in India
Some companies are promoting Direct seeded rice in Punjab with large scale trials ( Eg: PEPSICO approx 10,000 acres).
In the Godavari delta of Andhra Pradesh ,several farmers are adopting DSR technology ,primarily to counter the labor shortage
• Main Problem for large scale adoption
Farmers are flooding rice fields mainly to restrict weeds
The main problem in DSR is weed control, currently famers are using pre emergence herbicides with limited success.
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DSR Experiment Stage 1
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DSR Experiment Stage 2
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DSR Experiment Stage 3
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Mechanization: Cotton Picking
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Cotton Picking Mechanization
Need :
Labor availability becoming an issue
Cost of manual picking is becoming prohibitive
Increasing productivity will further enhance these problems.
@ of Rs. 8/kg - total outflow on picking is Rs. 14,000 crores.
Without mechanization cotton cultivation may not remain feasible in a few years.
Opportunity to reduce contamination as well.
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Cotton Picking Mechanization
Requirements:
Right Genotype for high density / mechanized cotton farming
Developing suitable size machinery for small holdings for total farming from sowing to picking
Investments in pre-cleaners in Gins
Shift in marketing practices.
Farmer education – Preparedness thru extension
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Policy Support from Government
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Product Development • Procedure for quick release of new hybrids and
varieties- The procedure needs to be shortened to a time period of 2 years for the release of new hybrids & varieties.
• Cost of regulatory testing should be nominal • Reduce restrictions on number of entries • Rationalize testing Products between Centre
(ICAR) and States (SAUs) • Clear, uniform and consistent parameters for
identification of varieties for notification
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• Price controls
Price controls may reduce investments in R&D
• Fiscal incentives: Tax Exemptions Credit on soft terms for R&D investment Duty free imports of equipment for Industry Infrastructure building through nationwide
mission mode approach like TUFS etc.
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Price Controls and Incentives
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Subsidy
Uniformity across the States in Policy and procedures
Provide Level play field for Private Sector as given to public sector
Give equal access to all popular products with or without notification.
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Ideal Subsidy program
• Karnataka/ AP model
Opportunity given to all seed companies with valid registration
Farmers get complete choice
No issues in quality /performance so far
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Conclusion
• Accelerated agricultural growth possible through-
Genetic improvement for yield enhancement including GM
Appropriate agronomic practices
Efficient Extension Services
Enabling Government Policies
Farm mechanization
Uniform subsidy policy
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THANK YOU