INDIAN POWER SECTOR

OVERVIEW

CLEAN COAL DAY 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (TOKYO)

PRESENTION BY:

ANIRUDDHA KUMAR JS(THERMAL), MIN OF POWERGOVT OF INDIA

INDIAN POWER SECTOR OVERVIEW

India has a Federal political structure

Power is a concurrent subject

Till recently, very few private sector plants, transmission constraints

Electricity Reforms-Electricity Act 2003

De-licensing of Generation, tariff determination by competition

Unbundling of Generation, Transmission and Distribution

Corporatisation

Setting up of independent Regulators and Appellate Tribunal for dispute resolution

INSTALLED CAPACITY (IN MW)AS ON 31.07.2016

Total Installed Capacity 304760.75MW

Coal 186292.88

Gas 24643.63

Diesel 918.89

Nuclear 5780.00

Hydro 42888.43

Renewal 44236.92

Total 304760.75

INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.03.2016

Coal61%

Gas8%

Diesel0%

Hydro14%

Nuclear2%

Renewal15%

1,362

1,713

2,886

4,653

9,027

12,957

16,664

26,680

28,448 42,585 63

,636

69,065 85,795 105,046 132,329

199,877 223343 245,393

302,087

304760

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

1947 1950 1956 1961 1966 1969 1974 1979 1980 1985 1990 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Inst

alle

d C

apac

ity

(MW

)

Year

Growth of Installed Capacity

Capacity Addition(in MW) Plan during 12th

Plan (2012-17)

Coal 67843

Gas 2540

Lignite 520

Nuclear 5300

Hydro 10897

Total 87100

Capacity Addition Plan during 12th(2012-17) Plan

Hydro1089713%

Nuclear53006%

Thermal7090381%

CAPACITY(EXCLUDING RENEWABLE) IN MW

Capacity Addition(in MW) Plan during 13th

Plan (2017-22) *tentative

Coal 56400

Nuclear 18000

Hydro 12000

Hydro Import 8040

Total 86400

Capacity Addition Plan during 13th(2017-22) Plan

Hydro1200013%

Nuclear1800019%

Thermal5640060%

Hydro Import8%

CAPACITY(EXCLUDING RENEWABLE) IN MW

PER CAPITA CO2 EMISSION (2014)

Country Per Capita CO2 Emission (2014) in Metric Tons

USA 16.5

China 7.6

EU 6.7

Japan 9.6

Germany 9.4

India 1.8

INDIA AIMING FOR REDUCTION IN EMMISSIONS IN POWER SECTOR

Commitments made by India in COP 21: Reduction in the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to

35 % by 2030 from 2005 level.

To achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030.

INDIA AIMING FOR REDUCTION IN EMMISSIONS IN POWER SECTOR

Steps Taken Introducing new, more efficient and cleaner technologies in

thermal power generation: no sub-critical plants allowed. 40 units of 27485 MW capacity commissioned 61units of 41865 MW capacity under construction

New emission norms for Thermal Power Stations issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in December 2015 regarding Suspended Particulate matter (SPM), SOx, NOx, Mercury and specific water consumption.

Energy efficiency measures175 GW of Renewable Power by 2022

CHALLENGES…………

Grid Stabilisation in the context of integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Flexible Operation of Thermal Units

Retrofitment of existing plants to meet new emission norms

NEW ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS FOR THERMAL POWER STATIONS IN INDIA (INSTALLED BEFORE 31. 12.2003)

Parameters Existing Norms New Norms

SO2200 mg/Nm3 &600 mg/Nm3 (for unitssmaller than 500MW)

NOX 600 mg/Nm3

SPM 150 mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3

Hg 0.03 mg/Nm3

WaterConsumption Limit

‐ 3.5 m3/MWh within 2 yearsfrom 07.12.2015 throughinstallation of CT in place ofOTC

mg/Nm3 = milligram per normal cubic meter,

NEW EMISSIONS NORMS FOR THERMAL POWER PLANT UNITS INSTALLED

AFTER 01.01.2003 UPTO 31.12.2016

Parameters Existing Norms New Norms

SO2200 mg/Nm3 &600 mg/Nm3 (for unitssmaller than 500MW)

NOX 300 mg/Nm3

SPM 50 mg/Nm3 50 mg/Nm3

Hg ‐ 0.03 mg/Nm3

WaterConsumption Limit

‐ 3.5 m3/MWh within 2 yearsfrom 07.12.2015

NORMS FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS TO BE INSTALLED FROM 1ST

JANUARY 2017

Parameters Existing

Norms

New Norms

SO2 ‐ 100 mg/Nm3

NOX ‐ 100 mg/Nm3

SPM 50 mg/Nm3 30 mg/Nm3

Hg ‐ 0.03 mg/Nm3

WaterConsumption Limit

‐ 2.5 m3/MWh and achievezero waste water discharged

mg/Nm3 = milligram per normal cubic meter, NOX = nitrogen oxide,PM = particulate matter, SO2 = sulfur dioxide, TPD= tons per day.

COMPARISON OF EMISSION NORMS FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS UNITS INSTALLED

Parameters

CHINA EU US INDIA Indonesia

South Africa

SO2 new 100 200 160 100 750 500

existing 200/400 400 160/640 200*/600**

NOx new 100 500/200 117 100 850 750

existing 100/200 500/200 117/160/640

300*/600**

SPM new 30 50 22.5 30 150 50

existing 30 50 22.5 50*/100**

Hg New 0.03 --- 0.001 0.03 --- ---

existing 0.03 --- 0.002 0.03*

Note * TPP installed after 2003 upto 2016** TPP installed before 2003.

MAJOR TECHNICAL ISSUES FOR THERMAL PLANTSSUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (SPM) Retro-fitting of additional fields in ESP/ replacement of ESP in

existing plants.

space constraints

SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SOx) 90 GW (151 existing units) and 72 GW (73 units) under construction

would require installation of FGD plant layout problems

OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOx) Modification of the combustion process using low NOx burners

A round 120 GW (279 units) of existing plants and 72 GW (73 units) of under construction plants may require installation of SCR systems. Lay –out issues The globally available SCR system for NOx control not proven for

Indian coal having high ash content

Distribution Reforms-Power for All

100% Village Electrification by December 2018UDAY (Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana) for financial turnaround of Power Distribution CompaniesStates shall take over 75% of DISCOM debtUpgradation of Distribution InfrastructureSmart GridsSmart MeteringFeeder Seperation

AT&C losses to be brought down to 15% from 26% at present

CEA-JCOAL CO-OPERATION IN CCTCEA-JCOAL CO-OPERATION IN CCT

Pre-Primary Studies followed by full-fledged diagnosis carried out by JCOAL in several units.

Several Workshop held on Efficiency and Environmental Improvement of Coal Fired Power Stations – Towards sustainable, stable and low carbon supply of electricity.

Four study tours organized and 52 Officers from MoP, CEA and Power Utilities participated

21

Capacity Range (in

MW)

> 15 years but <20 years

>20 years but < 30

years

> 30 years Total

200/210 LMZ 1 25 40 66

200/210 KWU 24 52 9 85

250 7 - - 7

500 5 16 - 21

TOTAL 37 93 49 169

Age Profile of Potential Thermal Units

Unit Size (MW) Steam Parameters Design Efficiency (%)

Share in capacity

(%)

<100 60/ 482, 90/ 535 ~31 5%

100 to150 130/ 535/535 35-36 9%

200/210 130,150/535/535 36.3,37.8 26%

250 150/535/535 38.3 9%

300-350 170/ 538/538 38.5 6%

500 170/ 538/538 (565) 38.5 (38.7) 27%

600 170/ 538/538 38.5 8%

660/700/800 247/565/593 40.5 10%

Total100%

Efficiency - Gross efficiency based on HHV

Coal Fired Units – Sizes, Efficiency & Share

GROWTH OF ALL INDIA PER CAPITA POWER

CONSUMPTION SINCE 2006

Year All India Per Capita Power Consumption (kWh)*

2005-06 631.4

2006-07 671.9

2007-08 717.1

2008-09 733.5

2009-10 778.6

2010-11 818.8

2011-12 883.63

2012-13 914.41

2013-14 957

2014-15 1010

2015-16 1075